Matter is made of atoms
Brainpop-Atoms
Models
• In the case of atoms, scientists use large models to
explain something that is very small . Atoms are so
small, it would take about 1,000,000 lined up in a
row to equal the thickness of a human hair.
• Models of the atom were used to explain data or
facts that were gathered experimentally.
Atomic Structure
Discovery Education Video Clip-Click Here
Click Here to
watch a fun
song of all the
elements
Atoms of the same element are
all alike, but are different from
atoms of other elements.
Molecule
2 or more atoms join
together chemically
Molecules are groups
of atoms
Water is a molecule.
It’s chemical formula is
H2O. That means that
one water molecule is
made up of 2
hydrogen atoms and
one oxygen atom.
Here is a model of
a molecule. It is
sugar. C6H12O6
Click Here to hear the MEET
THE ELEMENTS song
Heat
• When molecules of any kind of atoms get more energy in
them than they had before, they move faster, and we call
that "heat". When the molecules move faster, they hit
against each other and bounce apart, and so they end up
further apart from each other than they were before.
• Things are hot if their molecules are moving quickly, and
cold if their molecules are moving more slowly.
Temperature is a way of measuring how fast the molecules
are moving.
Brainpop-temperature
Click Here to watch the Ball and Ring Heat Demonstration
To melt means to change a
substance from a solid to
a liquid state by heating it
to the melting point.
Different substances melt
at different temperatures.
Water melts at 0°C or 32°F.
Rock melts
at about
625
degrees
Celsius
Chocolate melts at
about 34 degrees
Celsius
To freeze means to
change a substance
from a liquid to a solid
state by cooling it to the
freezing point.
The boiling point is the
temperature at which a liquid
changes to a vapor or gas.
Again this is a different
temperature for different
substances. For water the boiling
point is 100°C or 212°F.
What is the boiling point
of rubbing alcohol?
• Pour 100 mL of isopropyl
alcohol (C3H8O) into a beaker.
• Put in a thermometer
• Heat until boiling and read
the temperature
It should be about 84o
Informational Article
ELEMENTS, MOLECULES, AND COMPOUNDS
ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
ALL MATTER IS MADE OF ATOMS. ATOMS ARE TINY PARTICLES (PAR-TUH-KUHLS). EVEN AIR IS MADE OF ATOMS.
ATOMS ARE SMALL. A MILLION BILLION BILLION OF THEM FIT IN A TEASPOON. NO ONE CAN SEE THEM
WITHOUT HELP. IT TAKES A STRONG MICROSCOPE TO SEE THEM.
WHEN SOMETHING IS MADE OF THE SAME KIND OF ATOMS, IT IS CALLED AN ELEMENT (ELL-EM-ENT). IT IS VERY
HARD TO TURN ONE ELEMENT INTO ANOTHER ELEMENT. IN OTHER WORDS, IRON WILL ALWAYS BE IRON. YOU
CAN’T TURN IT INTO OTHER ELEMENTS. YOU CAN HEAT IT. YOU CAN HIT IT. YOU CAN DROP IT IN ACID. IT
DOESN’T MATTER WHAT YOU DO. IT WILL STILL BE IRON. IT MAY NOT LOOK THE SAME, BUT IT WILL STILL BE
MADE OF IRON ATOMS.
THERE ARE ABOUT 100 TYPES OF ATOMS. THEY CAN BE PUT TOGETHER IN MANY WAYS. EACH WAY MAKES
SOMETHING DIFFERENT. THIS IS CALLED ATOMIC ARRANGEMENT (UH-TOM-IK UH-RANGE-MUHNT).
MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS
ATOMS CAN JOIN TO MAKE MOLECULES (MOL-UH-KYOOLS). A MOLECULE HAS TWO OR MORE ATOMS STUCK
TOGETHER. THEY BECOME A NEW SUBSTANCE CALLED A COMPOUND (KOM-POWND). A COMPOUND HAS
DIFFERENT PROPERTIES FROM THE ELEMENTS THAT MAKE IT.
FOR EXAMPLE, WATER IS MADE FROM HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN. BUT IT ISN’T LIKE EITHER OF THEM. WATER IS
A COMPOUND. EACH WATER MOLECULE HAS TWO KINDS OF ATOMS. THERE ARE TWO HYDROGEN AND ONE
OXYGEN ATOM. THIS IS WRITTEN AS H2O. THE NUMBER TWO MEANS THAT THERE ARE TWO HYDROGEN ATOMS
IN THE MOLECULE. NO NUMBER AFTER THE O MEANS THERE IS JUST ONE ATOM OF OXYGEN.
COMPOUNDS ARE MADE BY REACTIVE (REE-AK-TIV) ELEMENTS. REACTIVE ELEMENTS JOIN EASILY WITH OTHERS.
SOME ELEMENTS ARE VERY REACTIVE. SOME ARE NOT. THE MORE REACTIVE AN ELEMENT, THE MORE LIKELY IT
WILL FORM COMPOUNDS.
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