Cloning
Tamara Borras
Microcomputer Applications
John Cabot University
Date:
Index
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Slide 1: What is cloning?
Slide 2: How are genes cloned?
Slide 3: How are genes cloned?
Slide 4: What has been cloned?
Slide 5: Cloning Occurs Naturally
Slide 6: Disputes of Cloning
Slide 7: Disputes of Cloning Cont.
Slide 8: Cloning the First Human (Video)
Slide 9: Bibliography
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What is Cloning?
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The term cloning
describes a number of
processes that can be
used to produce
genetically identical
copies of a biological
entity. The copied
material, which has the
same genetic makeup
as the original, is
referred to as a clone.
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How are Genes Cloned?
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Scientists, very often, use
cloning techniques to make
copies of genes that they
wish to study.
The procedure consists of
inserting a gene from one
organism, often referred to
as "foreign DNA," into the
genetic material of a carrier
called a vector.
After the gene is inserted, the
vector is placed in laboratory
conditions that prompt it to
multiply, resulting in the gene
being copied many times
over
Full Data
Cell Growth
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70
Cell Number
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60
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10
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9 10 11 12 13
Time Unit (Hours)
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How Are Genes Cloned?
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What Has Been Cloned?
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Besides cattle and sheep, other mammals
that have been cloned from somatic cells
include: cat, deer, dog, horse, mule, ox,
rabbit and rat.
Also a rhesus monkey has been cloned by
embryo splitting.
First lamb successfully cloned was Dolly, after
276 tries by Scottish researchers.
No human clones have been recorded to this
date( that we know of).
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Cloning Occurs Naturally
 In
Bacteria via
asexual
reproduction
 In Humans and
other mammals :
known as twins
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Disputes of Cloning
Pros
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Can produce better
understanding of miscarriages
Better understanding of
genetics in general and
creation of animal organs that
can be accepted by humans
Could reduce the risk of having
a child with a disease
Damage to the nervous system
could be treated by cloned
cells
In-vitro fertilization
Cloning could also provide
spare parts (organs) for humans
in their lifetime
Cons
 Ethical reasons
 Religious persons say it is
taking the role of God into
our own hands
 Moral rights
 Diseases
 Abnormalities at birth
 Psychological problems of
the person once it finds
out it is a clones
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Disputes Continued…
Full Data
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Cloning the
First Human
 Documentary
Video
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Bibliography
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"Pros and Cons of Cloning." Oracle ThinkQuest: Education
Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/24355/data/reactions/proco
nmain.html>.
"Cloning." National Human Genome Research Institute.
genome.gov, n.d. Web. 9 Nov 2013.
<http://www.genome.gov/25020028
"Human Cloning." American Medical Association. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 9 Nov 2013. http://www.amaassn.org//ama/pub/physician-resources/medicalscience/genetics-molecular-medicine/related-policytopics/stem-cell-research/human-cloning.page
WiseGEEK:Clear Answers for Common Questions.(20032013). What are Some Disadvantages of cloning?
http://wisegeek.org/what-are-some-disadvantages-ofcloning.htm
Bibliography