The History of
Early Childhood
Education
D - 9.01 - History
1
Who are you?
How did you grow to become the unique
person you are today?
What do you remember
about your childhood?
Earliest memory
Memory you expect to keep throughout
life
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3
Other Memories . . .
Most embarrassing moment?
Happiest experience?
Scariest experience?
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4
The Importance of History
Why is it important to
know about the history
of early childhood
education?
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5
Knowing about ECE History
Provides a sense of support and perspective
Serves as a source of inspiration
Helps teachers develop creative expression
Helps teachers develop better methods of
teaching
Creates awareness and understanding of changes
in education
Helps individuals get in touch with their own early
childhood experiences
Helps individuals develop a philosophy of teaching
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6
Many people have
contributed to our
understanding of child
development …
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7
John Locke
1632-1714
Founder of modern educational
philosophy
Theory based on scientific method, study
of mind and learning
Believed that each child is born with a
“clean slate” (tabula rasa) on which their
experiences are written
Tabula rasa
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8
Environmentalism
•The environment, not
innate characteristics,
determines what
children will become
•The environment forms
the mind
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9
Your Views - John Locke
What do Locke’s beliefs
and his work mean to
you?
What do you think
about his “clean slate”
theory?
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10
Friedrich Froebel
1782 - 1852
•Coined the word kindergarten
•Started the first kindergarten in
Germany in 1837
•Emphasized teacher-directed learning
•Advocated freedom, initiative, and
relevant curriculum
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11
Friedrich Froebel ---
Father of the Kindergarten
In German, the word kindergarten
means “children’s garden.”
Association between flower buds
opening and children going through a
natural unfolding process
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12
Your Views –
Friedrich Froebel
What do Froebel’s beliefs and
his work mean to you?
What do you remember about
being in kindergarten?
Did your kindergarten
experiences affect the person
you are today?
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13
Sigmund Freud
1856-1939
•A child’s personality develops
through a predictable pattern of
psychosexual stages.
•Many emotional and
psychological problems of adults
are connected to how their parents
and care providers met their basic
needs as children.
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14
The Id, the Ego, and the Superego –
Sigmund Freud
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15
Your Views –
Sigmund Freud
What do Freud’s
beliefs and his work
mean to you?
How well were your
needs met as a child?
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16
John Dewey
1858 - 1952
•First real American influence
on American education
•Founder of progressive
movement
•His theory = progressivism
•Advocated
child-centered
learning in groups
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17
Dewey’s
Pedagogic Creed
“Education, therefore,
is a process of living
and not a preparation
for future living.”
-John Dewey
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18
Your Views - John Dewey
How much of education do
you believe is preparation for
future living, and how much is
the actual process of living?
Do you feel that learning
should be centered around the
subject or around the child?
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19
Margaret McMillan
1860 - 1931
•Margaret and her sister Rachel
extended concern beyond
education to medical and dental
care for children
•Created open-air nursery in a
slum
•Developed the McMillan
theory of fresh air, sleep,
and bathing
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20
The McMillan Sisters
Margaret and Rachel McMillan crusaded
to improve child care in English slums.
Many people credit the creation of
nursery schools to these sisters.
Margaret created the name nursery
school --- nursery to focus on the goal
of nurturing good health, and school to
focus on educating young children.
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21
Your Views –
Margaret McMillan
How important are fresh air, sleep,
and bathing to the health and wellbeing of children?
Have you ever known a situation
where a child did not receive
adequate physical care? What were
the results?
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22
Rudolph Steiner
1861 - 1925
•Founded Waldorf Schools
•Interdisciplinary, multisensory curriculum with
emphasis on the arts
•Emphasized the whole child;
begin where the learner is.
•Promoted self-regulation and
self-discipline
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23
Rudolph Steiner
Steiner believed that experiences for
young children need to be carefully
selected. He believed that fairy tales
helped them learn important truths.
Modern-day followers of Waldorf
philosophy believe that TV-viewing for
children should be limited.
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Your Views –
Rudolph Steiner
What are your views on children
and television?
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25
Patty Hill
1868 - 1946
•Founded the National Association
for the Education of Young Children
•Originated large-muscle equipment
and materials for climbing and
construction.
•Wrote the song “Happy Birthday”
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Patty Hill
Her ideas about
unifying
kindergarten and
first-grade work
became the focus of
modern
kindergarten
practice.
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27
Your Views – Patty Hill
Do you believe it is important for
kindergarten and first-grade
learning experiences to be
unified?
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28
Maria Montessori
1870 - 1952
Child copies
reality, rather
than
constructs it.
•Education begins at birth
•The early years are very important as
children go through “sensitive
periods.” Their curiosity makes them
ready to learn certain things at certain
times.
•Goals of education: the formation of
the child and development of
character D - 9.01 - History
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Maria Montessori
Elements of early childhood programs
that are attributed to Montessori:
– A prepared environment (the teacher’s
responsibility)
– Self-correcting and sequential materials
(usually tactile-touch)
– Teaching based on observation
– Trust in children’s inborn drive to learn
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30
Your Views – Montessori
Which of Maria Montessori’s
philosophies ring true for you?
Were you ever enrolled in a
Montessori school as a child, or
have you ever visited one?
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31
Lev Vygotsky
1896-1934
•Focuses on the child as a whole
•Incorporates culture and values into
child development
•Sociocultural Theory: A child’s
development is influenced by more
than personal experiences.
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Vygotsky’s
Sociocultural Theory
Important influences on a child’s
development include
– Family
– Community
– Socioeconomic status
– Culture
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Sociocultural TheoryImplications for Teachers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Incorporate each child’s family and
culture into the school.
The relationship between teacher and
child is very important to learning.
Use the tools of the society to help
children learn.
Play is an important part of learning.
It’s very important to note individual
differences among learners.
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34
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of proximal
development (ZPD)
(the distance between the
actual developmental level
and the level of potential
development)
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35
Your View – Vygotsky
Can you think of an area of skill
in which your ZPD is large --- that
is, the distance between your
actual level of skill and your
potential skill level is very great?
“You have a long way to go!”
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Loris Malaguzzi
1920 - 1994
•Founded Reggio Emilia Schools
•Schools have teachers, a
pedagogista, and an aterlierista
•All children capable of learning
•Children construct their own
learning
•Documenting children’s work is
essential for success of the
program D - 9.01 - History
37
Loris Malaguzzi
The family and
community are important
parts of the “amiable
school.”
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38
Your Views – Malaguzzi
What do you think should
be the role of the family in
an early childhood
classroom?
The role of the community?
D - 9.01 - History
39
Imagine what our world would
have been like without . . .
Kindergarten
Nursery school
Montessori schools
Child-centered learning
Medical/dental care for children?
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40
What do you think the
contributions of these
leaders will mean to you
as you work with young
children?
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41
Stay tuned for more . . .
Objective 3.01
Recognize the importance of and contributions
of leaders in the history of early childhood
education.