Software: Systems and
Application Software
Chapter 4
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• When selecting an operating system, you must consider
the current and future needs for application software to
meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your
choice of a particular operating system must be
consistent with your choice of hardware.
– Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software.
– Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of
several popular operating systems.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Do not develop proprietary application software unless
doing so will meet a compelling business need that can
provide a competitive advantage.
– Discuss how applications software can support personal,
workgroup, and enterprise business objectives.
– Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software
and discuss the pros and cons of each.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Choose a programming language whose functional
characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into
consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff.
– Outline the evolution of programming languages.
• The software industry continues to undergo constant change;
users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be
effective in their business and personal life.
– Differentiate among the five generations of programming
languages.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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An Overview of Software
• Computer program - sequences of
instructions for the computer
• Documentation - describes program
functions
• Systems software - coordinates the activities
of hardware & programs
• Applications software - helps users solve
particular problems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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The Importance of Software in
Business
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Supporting Individual, Group, and
Organizational Goals
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Operating Systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Operating Systems
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Perform common hardware functions
Provide a user interface
Provide hardware independence
Manage system memory
Manage processing
Control access to system resources
Manage files
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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The Role of the Operating System
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Common Hardware Functions
• Accept keyboard input
• Store data on disks
• Send data to output devices
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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User Interface
• Command-based interfaces
• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Hardware Independence
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Memory Management
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Processing Tasks
• Multitasking - more than one program can run
at a time using a single processor
• Time-sharing - multiple users can
simultaneously use the resources of a single
processor
• Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or
tasks
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Access to System Resources
• Protection against unauthorized access
• Logins and passwords
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Personal Computer Operating
Systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Personal Computer Operating
Systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Workgroup Operating Systems
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Netware
Windows NT Server 4.0
Windows 2000 Server
Unix
Red Hat Linux
Mac OS X Server
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Enterprise Operating Systems
• IBM’s OS/390
• HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with
integrated POSIX)
• IBM’s z/OS
• Linux
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Consumer Appliance Operating
Systems
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Windows CE.NET
Mobil Linux
Windows XP Embedded
Handheld PC
Pocket PC
Palm OS
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Nokia 7650
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Utility Programs
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Types and Functions of
Applications Software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Sources of Software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Comparison of Proprietary and
Off-the-Shelf Software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Personal Application
Software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Personal and Application Software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Personal and Application Software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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TurboTax
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Quicken
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Word Processing
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Spreadsheet Analysis
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Database Applications
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Graphics Programs
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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On-Line Information Systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Software Suite
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Major Components of Leading
Software Suites
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Workgroup Application Software
• Groupware
• Collaborative computing software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Group Scheduling
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Examples of Enterprise
Application Software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Enterprise Application Software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Selected Enterprise Resource
Vendors
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Programming Languages
• Commands and statements combined according
to a particular syntax
• Different languages have different
characteristics
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Programming Languages
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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First-Generation Languages
• Machine language
• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
Interchange)
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Second-Generation Languages
• Assembly languages
• Assemblers
• Symbolic language
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Third-Generation Languages
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Fourth-Generation Languages
• 4GLs
• Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not
how to get them
• Examples: SQL, SAS
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Fifth-Generation Languages
• 5GLs
• Uses a visual or graphical development interface
to create source language
• Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual
C++
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Object-Oriented Programming
Languages
• Objects - data and actions that can be
performed on the data
• Encapsulation - group items into an object
• Polymorphism - one procedure can work with
multiple objects
• Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets
attributes of that class
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Object-Oriented Programming
Languages
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Software Issues & Trends
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Software bugs
Open source software
Software licensing
Software upgrades
Global software support
Antitrust issues for software
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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How to Deal with Software Bugs
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Summary
• Software - consists of programs that control the
workings of the computer hardware
• Operating system - set of computer programs that
controls the computer hardware
• Application - software that applies the power of the
computer to solve problems and perform specific
tasks
• Programming languages - provide instructions to a
computer to perform some processing activity
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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