Dolley Madison
By: Kendall Reed
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Before the White House
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-Originally Dolley Paine, she grew up as a Quaker.
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-First married to a lawyer, John Todd, and had two sons.
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-She was left a widow when a yellow fever epidemic took both her husband and her
youngest son. She overcame the sickness.
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-A former tenant, Aaron Burr, introduced Dolley to Madison at a social function in
Philadelphia.
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-Known as lively and extroverted, Dolley loved to host dinner parties and entertain
guests.
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-James and Dolley moved to Washington when Jefferson appointed him Secretary of
State.
While Under the Public Eye
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-Her outgoing demeanor complimented Madison’s reserved personality when he was elected president in 1808.
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-Dolley hosted the first Inaugural Ball.
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-Unusual for women at her time, she helped her husband in making political decisions.
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-The first First Lady to involve herself in a public project, she helped found a Washington DC orphanage for
girls.
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-It’s likely her relationship with the public (a first that set the standard for first ladies after her) was a large
reason Madison was reelected in 1812.
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-By forging friendships with spouses of important political figures, she was a large help to gaining support for
her husband within the government.
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-Before the British burned the White House down, Dolley’s famous for insisting she stay at the house until
certain important items were transported out, such as George Washington’s portrait.
After Madison
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-After Madison’s death, Dolley’s son’s spending left her impoverished.
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-She was awarded and honorary seat in Congress.
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-Samuel Morse also gave Dolley the honor of being the first private citizen to
transmit a message via telegraph.
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-Before her death, later first ladies relied on her advice on how to handle their
public role.
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-Legend has it that the term “First Lady” was coined in President Zachary
Taylor’s eulogy for Dolley.
 Dolley Madison set the standard for later First Ladies, proved just how
important a relationship with the public is, and proved women could think out
politics just as well as men.
The Oregon Trail
S Was first mapped by
Lewis and Clark in
1804-1806
S Stretched for 2,000
miles across 5
present-day states
S Was jointly owned by
the US and Britain
Who Used The Trail?
S Missionaries wishing to convert Native Americans to
Christianity (they were often killed)
S Fur trappers and hunters
S Pioneers emigrating from towns on the Missouri River
The Great Migration/The
California Gold Rush
S In 1843, almost 1,000
settlers left for
Oregon. Nearly all
survived.
S During the Gold
Rush of 1849, almost
two-thirds of the
male population died
from cholera
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The Santa Fe Trail
By : Jessica Solomon, Alex Bearse, and Katie Black
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Reasons for Westward
Movement
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Louisiana Purchase
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Needed More Space
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Many people were in debt and wanted to start over
Industrialization of the Northeast
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People began to believe it was their religious duty to expand west.
Panic of 1837
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The country’s population was growing and it’s size needed to as well.
Manifest Destiny
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This gave people new lands to explore and colonize.
Farmers needed to make a living somehow and it was said there was fertile soil out
west
Opportunities for Trade
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Traders hoped for opportunities to trade with Asia
The Trail
S Ran 780 miles from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe,
New Mexico
S Was traveled mostly by traders hoping for better trade
with Asia
S Wagons left in the spring and traveled alone 150 miles,
later joined together at Council Grove, Kansas in fear of
Native Americans
S Their goal- reach New Mexico first
S After days of trading- loaded wagons, returned to U.S
S Traders established first American presence in New
Mexico and Arizona
By Erin Ward, Sarah Newton
& Lydia D’Amato
Cause
S The U.S. wanted to expand west, Manifest
Destiny.
S Americans had moved into lands not yet
owned by U.S. (Texas territory).
S Mexican Government is unstable.
S Rumors of Britain possibly attempting to
gain territory in western North America.
CourseCourse
Polk sends John Slidell to Mexico to buy
California and New Mexico for $25 million, but
he is rejected
Polk then sends General Zachary Taylor and
his troops to the Rio Grande
Parades (Mexico’s new dictator) orders an
attack on Taylor on April 24, 1846
On May 9th, 1846, Polk gets news of attack
on Taylor’s troops and brings this to congress
asking to declare war on Mexico
US wins battles of Palo Alto (May 8) and
Resaca de la Palma (May 9) (Even though the
Mexican troops were larger and better trained,
US still beat them.
 The war contained many battles within it
War concludes with the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo which was signed on February 2, 1848
by Nicholas Trist. The US paid $15 million for
Mexican Cession.
Effects
S Mexican Cession became the U.S. states of California,
Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah.
S U.S. & Mexican border was finally established along Rio
Grande.
S President Santa Anna lost power in Mexico.
S General Zachary Taylor won the Presidency in 1848.
S Relations between the United States and Mexico remained
tense.
S Different opinions on slavery between North and South
become more prominent.
California Gold Rush
1848-1852
“The whole country resounds with the sordid cry of gold, GOLD,
GOLD!”
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The Rush Begins
S January 1848, James Marshall, an American
carpenter working in the California Sierra
Nevada mountains, discovered gold at Sutter’s
mill.
S Among the so-called forty-niners, (the
prospectors who flocked to California in 1849
in the gold rush), were people from Asia,
Impact of the Gold.
S San Francisco became a “pandemonium city”.
S San Fran’s population exploded from only 1,000 in 1848
to 35,000 in 1850.
S Many people from all over the country came to settle in
California to prosper from the gold
S Many of the people who moved west were unlawful,
Gold Rush Brings Diversity
-By 1849, California’s population exceeded 100,000.
-Chinese were the largest group to come overseas to
California.
-Many slaves were becoming rich in California.
William Henry
Harrison
February 9, 1773- April 4, 1841
Birthplace: Virginia
By: Troy Moffat
Block: 3
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Battle of Tippecanoe
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Indian resistance against U.S. expansion was growing.
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Harrison schedules meeting with tribal leader Tecumseh to negotiate peace
in 1810
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Tecumseh says Fort Wayne Treaty is illegitimate but Harrison refuses to
back down
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In 1811 Harrison and his troops move North to try and intimidate
Tecumseh and the Shawnees into peace
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Tecumseh launches a surprise attack on Harrison’s troops at Prophetstown
next to the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers
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Harrison defeats Tecumseh and his forces
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Harrison becomes a war hero and the battle becomes famous.
Presidency and
Accomplishments
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Defeated in 1936 by Martin Van
Buren but won in 1940
Presidential Election
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9th
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Joined army at age 18 after
fathers death
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Elected to Congress as delegate in
1799 at age 26
Shortest presidency at 32 days
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Died of pneumonia
complications
Became Governor of Indiana
Territory in1801
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Last President born before the
Declaration of Independence
Lead the army in the War of 1812
but resigned before it was over
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Elected to House of
Representatives to finish the term
of John McLean in 1816
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Elected to Ohio State Senate in
1819
President
Longest inaugural speech of any
president to this day
One of major goals as president
was to reinstall the National Bank
Who’s who in early
1800’s
Texas and Mexico
By: Matt Woodward, Pat Crogan, and Josh Pooler
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Stone Cold
Steve Austin
Led the first Americans into the fertile
area along the Brazos river in 1821.
12 years later he found himself in a
Mexican prison.
When released, he spoke of the
impending crisis between Texas and
Mexico.
Awesome
moustache
General Santa Anna
Started as a Spaniard who was fighting against the Mexicans during
the war of Mexican Independence.
Switched to fight for Mexico.
Became the first Mexican president when Mexico won
independence.
Led the Mexicans against the Texans at the Alamo.
He was an unstable ruler.
Sam Houston
Fought General Santa Anna at the battle of San Jacinto.
The Texan troops charged into the battle with the famous cries of
“Remember the Alamo!”
His troops killed 630 Mexicans in 18 minutes and then captured
Santa Anna.
This battle ended the Texas revolution.
Houston later became the President of the Republic of Texas.
Davy Crockett
19th Century American folk hero, a great frontiersman, a devote soldier, and respected
congressmen who considered running for president of the united states.
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Myths!
S He is exactly how Disney portrayed him and
he was shown in his song
WRONG! But his song was a top 20 hit
four times!
S He stayed on the frontier because he liked it
WRONG! He stayed there because it was
easier than living with his huge family. So
he ran away from his wife and children
Myths!
S David Crockett was a FIGHTER!
WRONG AGAIN! He was terrified of going
to battle, and often he sent people to fight his
battles for him! He had the worst absentee
record as a congressman in the history of
America!
S Davy died fighting for Texas honorably!
Davy’s claim to fame!
S Elected to Tennessee State Legislature in 1821
S Five years later (1826) he was elected to the
United States House of Representatives
S Opposed Andrew Jackson’s beliefs and actions,
especially the Indian Removal Act
S In congress, he supported the rights of squatters
(people banned from buying land in the west
without already owning property)
S He died in the Battle of the Alamo fighting in
the Texas Revolution on March 6, 1836 at the
James K. Polk
(1844-1849)
THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY
A Glorious Burden
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He beat Henry Clay, now
what?
???
“Polk the Purposeful”
THE FOUR MAIN GOALS CHECKLIST
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A lower tariff
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Restore the independent treasury
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Acquisition of California
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Settle the Oregon dispute without violence.
We want CALIFORNIA!
S Population in California was basically Spanish-
Americans and Native-Americans
S Polk wanted to buy California (The Bear Flag
Republic) but relations were on edge because of
the Texas Annexation
S There was a rumor floating around that Britain
was going to buy California so Polk sent John
Sidell and offered 25 million HE WAS
REJECTED!
Fine then its WAR!
S On January 13, 1846 Polk sent troops under
General Zachary Taylor(hint hint next
president)
S On May 9, 1846 Polk asked Congress to
declare war because of unpaid claims and
rejection of the deal
S What really happened was American troops
were attacked by the Mexicans so they
The Mexican -American War
Let’s Make PEACE with WAR
S Polk didn’t really want to but they went to war
anyways
We beat them…
And thus the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
was signed by Nicholas P. Trist on
February
It’s all about the
land! 2, 1848
What about the goals???
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A lower tariff= Walker Tariff of 1846
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Restore the independent treasury=Independent Treasury
Act of 1846
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Acquisition of California DONE.
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Settle the Oregon dispute without violence. Ehhh close
enough
GOALS COMPLETE! Championship!
Mormon Migration
EmmaLynn Wadsworth and Kelsey Harnden
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The Basics
S Mormon name: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day
Saints
S Joseph Smith translated the Book of Mormon
S Founded: April 6 1830 Fayette New York
S Because of persecution, the Mormon are driven to Nauvoo,
Illinois
Nauvoo
S The Mormon church quickly grew and Nauvoo became the
largest city in the state of Illinois
S Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum were jailed, and later
brutally martyred on 27th of June, 1844.
Trek westward
S Governor Boggs of Illinois issued an
Exterminating order, which means that the
Mormons would either have to relocate or be
slaughtered. The Latter day Saints left their
beautiful city in February of 1846.
S With the Leadership of Brigham Young the
Mormons forced their way westward to a land
where they could find peace. Many died along
the way.
Salt Lake
S Many more Mormons would gather in the Salt
Lake Valley and the surrounding areas.
S Over 70,000 saints would gather in the Valley
by 1861. They helped settle the surrounding
areas of the west.
S There are over 13 million Mormons today and
it has become the fastest growing religion in
the world with Thomas S. Monson at its’ head.
Zach Sousa
Darin Bellissimo
Josh Dyer
Pre-War Tension
1810
Macon’s Bill No. 2 : U.S. passes law saying
they can trade with all the world, but if Britain and
France repeal their commercial restrictions, we
can restrain from trading with them.
 Madison Declares Boycotts for British Goods
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1811
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Battle of Tippecanoe
S1812 Lets
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Fight!
U.S. Declares War on Britain
1814
Madison Reelected President
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America Invades Canada
(FAIL)
1813
Battle of Plattsburgh
 British Burn Washington
 Battle of Horshoe Bend
 Treaty of Ghent
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1815
Hartford Convention
 Battle of New Orleans
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Battle of Thames
Battle of Lake Erie
Lets Make A Deal
S1818
Rush-Bagot – U.S. And Britain agreed to demilitarize the Great
Lakes and Lake Champlain. Each would only be allowed one
military vessel as well as one cannon.
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Boundary of 49th Parallel Set
War... What Is It Good For?
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The War of 1812 took place because the U.S. Desired
to expand their territory northwest. The British supported
American Indian tribes that were against American
expansion. Also, the U.S. Was restricted in trade due to the
war between France And Britain. Thirdly, American merchant
sailors were impressed into the Royal Navy.
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The United States ultimately got what they wanted from
the war. The 49th parallel was established, and American
land stretched as far as lake Erie. They were unsuccessful in
their attempts to gain Canadian lands however.
Texas War for
Independence
Bonnie Zion
Michaela Mann
Molly Gilson
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Texas fights for independence
;D
S The Texas Revolution or Texas War of
Independence was a military conflict
between Mexico and settlers in the Texas
portion of the Mexican state.
S The war lasted from October 2, 1835 to
April 21, 1836.
Come to Texas!!1!
S In 1830, Mexico sealed its borders and put a heavy tax on
American goods.
S Lacked troops by the borders.
S Texan population doubled within 4 years.
S Mexican politics became unstable.
‘Remember the Alamo!’
S Texas wanted self government for large population.
S Texans didn’t listen to Mexican rules, so in 1835, Texans
attacked.
S Treaty of Velasco to set texans free.
Battle of Baltimore
By: Traci Perry, Bridgette Dargelis and Katie Couto
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S British Admiral Cochrane attacked Baltimore Harbor, after
advancing on Washington, by land and by sea.
S British Naval forces turned all their attention to Fort
McHenry but they did no significant damage.
S After failing to capture the city, the British withdrew from
Chesapeake Bay.
S This was the last battle of the War of 1812.
Francis Scott Key
S Watched the battle from afar and was inspired to write the
words of “The Star Spangled Banner”.
S It was soon set tune to an old English tavern refrain and
quickly attained popularity.