Warm-up #27
Friday, Sept.23rd
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
One of the reasons given for the colonization of GA was to serve as a buffer
colony. This meant that GA was
A colony for settlement by the poor.
An outpost for pirates attacking Spanish galleons.
A military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements.
An agricultural station experimenting with new strains of cotton plants.
Why did James Oglethorpe suggest a colony for the poor?
England wanted to get rid of debtors permanently.
The homeless would readily come to the New World.
Oglethorpe had a friend who died in a debtor’s prison.
The poor were mostly well-educated people who had fallen on hard times.
Warm-up #26
Thursday, September 22
Copy and answer
1. The trade policy of Great Britain during Colonization was called:
A.
Free trade.
B.
Mercantilism.
C.
Merchandising.
D.
Raw Materialism
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What reason for settlement was unique to Georgia?
Protection of other colonies
To grow sugar cane
Because it had a mild climate
For religious freedom
Warm-Up #24 (September 20th)
Write out questions and answers:
What would you do with the “overcrowding” problem in
prisons today?
Who (if anyone) should be given a fresh start in life?
Student Council Election
Vote for 2 student council representatives.
Erin Newark
Tate Oglesby
Sara Weaver
Marcus Brown
Tariq Raines
Adeeb Khon
Sharice Griffin
Ashley Wiliams
Warm-up #25:September 21
Based on your reading of Chapter 9, Section 1 of your
textbook. What are the 3 reasons for the settling of
Georgia?
Seal of Georgia
GPS SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial
period of Georgia’s history.
SS8H2a Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the
Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and
defense) Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah.
SS8G1d Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia’s
development.
** Open your to your GPS section in your binder and highlight to
verbs and nouns in both of the above GPS’s.
Essential questions
*What
were the reasons for the establishment of
Georgia?
*What persons were instrumental in the
establishment of the Georgia colony?
*What goods and materials did the English king and
the Georgia trustees feel that the Georgia colony
could provide for England?
Chapter 9
Georgia in the Trust
Period
By the early 1700’s,
Great Britain had 12
Colonies (exclude GA.
for the moment).
•Oldest-Virginia
•Youngest-Pennsylvania
King Charles II gave a tract of
land for a colony to a group of
proprietors (owners) south of
Virginia. Later called
“Carolina”.
•Northern Carolina—settled by
small farmers from VA
•Southern Carolina—planters
from the English sugar colony
of Barbados set up plantations
around Charleston.
•The two areas were very
different and operated
separately—1729 became a
royal colony under control of
the king.
James Oglethorpe
James Oglethorpe was born in England in 1696.
At age 25, Oglethorpe was elected to Parliament and learned about numerous
problems facing his country.
One of Oglethorpe’s friends, Robert Castell, was put in prison for being a
debtor (a person who owes someone money that they can not pay back).
Castell later died in prison.
Oglethorpe and 20 other influential men in Great Britain made a plan to create
a colony for the working poor (debtors). They envisioned a colony for people
who faced jail time for bad debts.
Reasons for Settling Georgia
Charity
1. Charity– The working poor would be able to work in Georgia
to help pay off their debts while contributing to England’s
Economy. Gave persecuted Protestants living in Catholic areas
a new start in the colony.
Debtor’s Prison
Military Defense
2. Military Defense--- Georgia would serve as a military buffer between the British
colony of South Carolina and Spanish controlled Florida. Having British colonists
in that region (south of the Savannah River) would make it more difficult for Spain to
attack South Carolina. By the 1720’s South Carolina was a successful colony
producing a major product that Great Britain wanted---rice.
Rice
Economics
3. Economics – Georgia would help to increase
England’s trade and wealth (mercantilism).
Oglethorpe promised that silk, dyes, wine, spices,
and semi-tropical fruit would be sent from Georgia
back to England.
Mercantilism: a trade policy in which a country exported more than
it imports (favorable balance of trade); colonists are expected to
supply raw materials to the mother county.
Spices
Semi—tropical
fruit
Plant Dyes
Silk Production
Mercantilism
The Charter of 1732
“Trustees for the Establishing of the Colony of Georgia in America”
In 1732, King George II created a charter allowing 21 Trustees, including
Oglethorpe, to create a Georgia colony and oversee it for 21 years.
Charter: a legal document that grants special rights and sets up the rules
under which something operates.
Trustee: people who hold responsibility and act on behalf of others.
The Charter of 1732
The Charter of 1732 placed numerous limits on the colonists. Georgia
would have freedom of religion except for Catholics. Catholics, blacks,
liquor dealers, and lawyers were not admitted to the colony. Slavery,
alcohol, and gambling were also prohibited in Georgia.
It included the land between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers and
extended west to the Pacific Ocean.
The name of the colony was to be “Georgia” in honor of King
George.
The Charter of 1732
The trustees could not make a profit in any way and could not
Tget any land or money for serving on the trust. The trustees were
hTrying to do a good deed.
e
Their motto was: “Non Sibi Sed Aliis,” Latin for “not for self,
but for others.”
The Georgia Seal
The Charter of 1732
Regulations:
• Each male who went to GA as a charity colonist received 50 acres of
land along with tools and a year’s supply of food and other necessities.
• Male citizens must join the militia (a force of citizen-soldiers).
• Women were not permitted to own land.
• Colonists must plant mulberry trees on some of their land.
• Colonists that “paid” for their passage were given up to 500 acres, but
they had to have a male live on every 50 acres.
The Charter of 1732
•The Charter of 1732 placed numerous limits on the colonists.
• Georgia would have freedom of religion except for Catholics.
•Catholics, blacks, liquor dealers, and lawyers were not admitted to the
colony.
• Slavery, alcohol, and gambling were also prohibited in Georgia.
The Settlers of the Georgia Colony
Who went to the Georgia colony?
•People considered “deserving”, which meant they were poor for reasons
out of their control.
•44 of the first 114 colonists were female, most either wives or daughters
of male settlers.
•Later they realized that they needed more single women of marriageable
age.
Few debtors, former prisoners, or working poor ever made it to Georgia
Between 114 and 125 settlers sailed from England on the ship Ann in
1732.
The Ann
Savannah
The First Settlement
► James
Oglethorpe befriended Tomochichi, chief of
the Yamacraw Indians.
► Tomochichi
led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff
overlooking the Savannah River. This became the
city of Savannah, the first settlement of the new
Georgia colony.
► February
12, 1733, now celebrated as Georgia
Day, Oglethorpe brought the settlers to the future
Savannah.
Settlers Arriving on Yamacraw Bluff
on February 12th 1733
Georgia Day—February 12th
Tomochichi and Mary Musgrove
►
Oglethorpe befriended Tomochichi, chief of the Yamacraw Indians.
►
The Yamacraw Indians were struggling to survive and had became
dependent on European goods. Tomochichi believed that
befriending Oglethorpe would benefit his people and form a new
trading partnership.
►
Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff overlooking the
Savannah River. This became the first settlement of the new
Georgia colony.
►
Mary Musgrove and her husband John had created a trading post
near the Yamacraw Bluff where they would trade British goods to
the Native Americans.
►
Tomochichi spoke very little English so Mary Musgrove served as
the interpreted between Oglethorpe and Tomochichi.
Mary Musgrove and Tomochichi
Chief of the Yamacraw
Interpreter for Oglethorpe
and Tomochichi
Savannah
►
►
►
►
40 settlers died the first year, probably from what they called “fevers”
or typhoid.
Public buildings were built. The first was the courthouse that also
served as the church. Colonist defended themselves since no lawyers
were permitted.
A guardhouse was located on the east end of town with a “pillory”
(wooden stocks in which a person’s head and hands were locked).
A storehouse, a mill for grinding grain into flour, and a large public
over for baking bread.
Grist Mill
Public Oven
Pillory
Savannah
►
►
►
►
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►
William Bull from S. Carolina, helped lay out the streets and squares.
Savannah began with 4 squares.
Each square have 20 lots on the north side and 20 lots on the south
side.
Each lot was 60ft. X 90 ft.
Each square with its 40 lots was called a “ward”
Each male head of a household received his 50 acres of land, which
included one of these town lots on a square, a garden ot on the edge
of town, and a 45 acre farm lot further out.
James Oglethorpe supervised the building. He did not have the official
title of governor, but was the only trustee on site.
Savannah
Jews in Georgia
► 42
Arrived in 1733
► the only reason Gen. Oglethorpe admitted the
Jewish settlers was because of a doctor on
board who could help cure a yellow fever
epidemic. (Dr. Samuel Nunez)
► His medical attention saved a colony from
complete loss to Yellow Fever
► Settled in Savannah, Monterey Square is the
site of the Jewish Synagogue built and is still in
use today, 3rd oldest synagogue in the nation.
New Laws
Oglethorpe’s Return in 1736
►
►
►
Rum Law—made the sale and use of rum and other “spirits” illegal in
GA. Settlers could drink beer, wine, and cider.
Anyone trading with the Indians in GA must have a license. Trustees
wanted to keep good relations with the Indians by making sure they
were treated fairly. GA didn’t want them to become allies( a person,
group, or country who joins with another for a common interest.)
Slavery is illegal. Indentured servants (people who sold their labor for
a period of years in return for passage to the colony, usually for 7
years).
ROLE OF THE
SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SCOTS
WHO: SALZBURGERS
WHAT:
►
►
►
WHEN:
WHERE:
►
WHEN:
WHERE:
►
WHY:
►
WHY:
►
►
►
►
WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTS
WHAT:
SALZBURGERS
► “The
Georgia Salzburgers, a group of Germanspeaking Protestant colonists, founded the town of
Ebenezer in what is now Effingham County.
Arriving in 1734, the group received support from
King George II of England and the Georgia
Trustees after being expelled from its home in the
Catholic principality of Salzburg (in present-day
Austria). The Salzburgers survived extreme
hardships in both Europe and Georgia to establish
a prosperous and culturally unique community.”
- New Georgia Encyclopedia
SALZBURGERS key points
1734 - came to Georgia after being expelled from Germany
/ Austria for not being Catholic
► Protestants who wanted religious freedom
► Created the town of Ebenezer, but was too swampy to
survive
► Relocated to the town of New Ebenezer along Savannah
River – became a very religious community, also had silk
mills
► Trustees liked the hard working Salzburgers because they
did not like slavery or alcohol which were rules the
colonists had to live by
► Very successful farmers
►
Rincon,
Georgia is
where the
town of New
Ebenezer
was located.
Sketch of Ebenezer, Georgia
Print from Von Reck Archive, Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen
MAP OF THE SALZBURGER SETTLEMENT OF
NEW EBENEZER ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER
SALZBURGERS
Whatever you forget about the Salzburgers
between now and the CRCT, at least remember
this…
The Salzburgers were Protestant
Christians who were kicked out of
Catholic controlled Germany and wanted
religious freedom in Georgia.
ROLE OF THE
SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SCOTS
►
►
►
►
►
WHO: SALZBURGERS
WHAT: GROUP OF
PROTESTANT PEOPLE FROM
EUROPE (GERMANY /
AUSTRIA) WHO HELPED
COLONIZE GEORGIA
WHEN: 1734
WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN OF
NEW EBENEZER NORTHWEST
OF SAVANNAH ALONG THE
SAVANNAH RIVER.
WHY: ESCAPED RELIGIOUS
PERSECUTION FROM
CATHOLIC CONTROLLED
GERMANY / AUSTRIA
►
►
WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTS
WHAT:
►
WHEN:
WHERE:
►
WHY:
►
HIGHLAND SCOTS
► “James
Oglethorpe wanted to protect the
Georgia colony from possible attacks from
Spanish Florida. The men of Scotland had the
reputation of being good soldiers, and so
Oglethorpe recruited a group of about 175
Highland Scots to settle in the area south of
Savannah. The group arrived at the Altamaha
River in 1736 and established a settlement they
originally called New Inverness. Later, they
changed the name to Darien.”
- Dr. Glen Blankenship and Vicki Wood
HIGHLAND SCOTS key points
► Came to
► Built the
Georgia in 1736 from Scotland
town / fort of Darien south of Savannah
along the Altamaha River
► Reputation of hard working people who were good
soldiers
► Protected the Georgia colony from Spanish Florida
– helped Oglethorpe push the Spanish out of
Georgia in the Battle of Bloody Marsh
► Changed from farming to cattle raising and
harvesting timber
► Opposed slavery in the colony
Darien: Where the
Highland Scots
built a fort and
settlement to
protect the colony
from Spanish
Florida.
HIGHLAND SCOTS SUMMARY
Whatever you forget about the
Highland Scots
between now and the CRCT, at least remember
this…
The Highland Scots were soldiers who
colonized Georgia by creating the town
of Darien and helped defend the
colony from the Spanish during the
Battle of Bloody Marsh.
ROLE OF THE
SALZBURGERS AND HIGHLAND SCOTS
►
►
►
►
►
WHO: SALZBURGERS
WHAT: GROUP OF
PROTESTANT PEOPLE FROM
EUROPE (GERMANY /
AUSTRIA) WHO HELPED
COLONIZE GEORGIA
WHEN: 1734
WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN OF
NEW EBENEZER NORTHWEST
OF SAVANNAH ALONG THE
SAVANNAH RIVER.
WHY: ESCAPED RELIGIOUS
PERSECUTION FROM
CATHOLIC CONTROLLED
GERMANY / AUSTRIA
►
►
►
►
►
WHO: HIGHLAND SCOTS
WHAT: GROUP OF SOLDIERS
FROM SCOTLAND WHO HELP
COLONIZE GEORGIA AND
DEFEND THE COLONY FROM
THE SPANISH
WHEN: 1736
WHERE: BUILT THE TOWN &
FORT CALLED DARIEN ALONG
THE ALTAMAHA RIVER AND
RAISED CATTLE AND TIMBER
WHY: OGLETHORPE NEEDED
THEIR MILITARY HELP TO
DEFEAT THE SPANISH
DURING THE BATTLE OF
BLOODY MARSH
Moravians
German-speaking Protestants (religious sect: Unity of Brethren).
► Worked to educate the Indians and convert them to Christianity.
► Most lived in Savannah, but some lived nearby in Irene, located about
5 miles up the Savannah River where there
was an Indian school. They were pacifists and believed that any kind of
fighting or violence was wrong. They had difficulty being accepted in
Georgia. Most fled to Pennsylvania.
►
Malcontents
“Complaints”
► Land
Problems – poor soil, too many restrictions on
selling, leasing and inheriting land, & difficulty growing
what England wanted
► Slavery – Many of the crops were labor-intensive.
They wanted slaves like S.C.
► Rum – Rum was cheap to buy and could be traded as
well. They wanted to be able to drink.
► By 1740. some of the loudest malcontents fled to
South Carolina. The discontent did not go away.
Spanish Threat from Florida
► After
the explorations of Hernando DeSoto and
other Spanish conquistadors, Florida was
colonized by Spain.
► The Spanish were interested in the land north of
their colony that later became Georgia.
► The British built Fort Frederica in Georgia in an
effort to protect the colony.
► Georgian soldiers led an attack on St. Augustine,
Florida in 1740. Two years later the Spanish
attacked Fort Frederica.
► The Battle of Bloody Marsh was the main battle
between British Georgia and Spanish Florida.
James Oglethorpe led the Georgia soldiers to
victory (though he did not capture St. Augustine)
and Spain never again attacked a British colony on
the eastern coast.
End of the Trustee Period
► In
1743, Oglethorpe was called to Great Britain to
answer charges that he had not acted correctly when he
failed to capture St. Augustine.
► Oglethorpe was cleared of the charges but he did not
return to Georgia.
► Georgia still had many problems. People were also
allowed to begin buying and selling rum (alcohol) in
1742.
► People still wanted to own more land and slaves. By
1750 laws against land ownership (each person could
only own 500 acres of land) and slavery were repealed.
People were now able to own as much land and as
many slaves as they could afford.
► In 1752, one year before the end of the Charter of
1732, the trustees returned Georgia to the authority of
King George II and Georgia enters the Royal Period.