Silver Nanoparticle and Ecotoxicology Research
Some Uncertainties
Mila Tejamaya, PhD
Lecturer at Occupational Health and Safety Department
Faculty of Public Health
University of Indonesia
Why AgNPs are interesting?
• AgNPs are the most
rapidly growing classes of
nanoproducts
• AgNPs has been
commercialized, so that
the exposure to human
and environment is
expected
• silver in nanosize shows
unique optical, electrical,
magnetic and therapetic
properties
• most of AgNPs
applications in range of
product are applied to
bestow antimicrobial
properties
http://www.nanotechproject.org/cpi/site/assets/files/3551/chart_5.png
RISK =
HAZARD
X
EXPOSURE
HAZARD DRIVEN
APPROACH:
EXPOSURE DRIVEN
APPROACH:
Indication of AgNPs
(eco)toxicity :
• Algae
• Bacteria
• Daphnia magna
• Zebrafish
• Fish
• Human
AgNPs release from:
• Textile
• Paints
• Washing machine
• Waste water
treatment
• etc
(Fabrega 2011)
Complex behavior of AgNPs as source of
uncertainties
•
•
•
•
Homo-aggregation
Hetero-aggregation
Dissolution
Shape
transformation
• Other
transformation
(Levard, Hotze et al. 2012)
NPs Stability Test
Stability Study: Citrate capped AgNPs
0.4
0.35
0.35
0.3
0.3
control
0.2
CM-1
NM-1
0.15
SM-1
0.1
0.25
CM-10
0.15
NM-10
0.1
SM-10
0.05
0.05
0
0
wavelength (nm)
stock
0.2
300
319
338
357
376
395
414
433
452
471
490
509
528
547
566
585
604
623
642
661
680
699
718
737
756
775
794
813
0.25
Absorbance (a.u)
0.4
300
319
338
357
376
395
414
433
452
471
490
509
528
547
566
585
604
623
642
661
680
699
718
737
756
775
794
813
Absorbance (a.u)
Colour changes of citrate-coated AgNPs in different media
immediately after media addition (left); after 24 hours (right)
wavelength (nm)
Stability Study: PVP capped AgNPs
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
control
control
1 day (a)
1 day (a)
7 days (a)
7 days (a)
13 days (a)
13 days (a)
21 days (a)
21 days (a)
300
319
338
357
376
395
414
433
452
471
490
509
528
547
566
585
604
623
642
661
680
699
718
300
737
319
756
338
775
357
794
376
813
395
0.1
PVP capped AgNPs in CM-1
wavelength (nm)
wavelength (nm)
PVP capped AgNPs in NM-10
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
Absorbance
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
0
PVP capped AgNPs in NM-1
control
control
1 day (a)
1 day (a)
7 days (a)
7 days (a)
13 days (a)
13 days (a)
21 days (a)
21 days (a)
300
319
338
357
376
395
414
433
452
471
490
509
528
547
566
585
604
623
642
661
680
699
300
718
319
737
338
756
357
775
376
794
395
813
414
433
452
471
490
509
528
547
566
585
604
623
642
661
680
699
718
737
756
775
794
813
Absorbance
0.7
414
433
452
471
490
509
528
547
566
585
604
623
642
661
680
699
718
737
756
775
794
813
PVP capped AgNPs In CM-10
Absorbance
Absorbance
0.7
wavelength (nm)
wavelength (nm)
References:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fabrega, J., R. Zhang, et al. (2011). "Impact of silver nanoparticles on natural marine biofilm
bacteria." Chemosphere 85(6): 961-966.
Hassellöv, M., J. Readman, et al. (2008). "Nanoparticle analysis and characterization methodologies
in environmental risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles." Ecotoxicology 17(5): 344-361.
Handy, R., F. Kammer, et al. (2008). "The ecotoxicology and chemistry of manufactured
nanoparticles." Ecotoxicology 17(4): 287-314.
Handy, R., R. Owen, et al. (2008). "The ecotoxicology of nanoparticles and nanomaterials: current
status, knowledge gaps, challenges, and future needs." Ecotoxicology 17(5): 315-325.
Hansen, S. F., B. H. Larsen, et al. (2007). "Categorization framework to aid hazard identification of
nanomaterials." Nanotoxicology 1(3): 243-U369.
Hassellöv, M. and R. Kaegi (2009). Analysis and characterization of manufactured nanoparticles in
aquatic environments. Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology. J. R. Lead and
E. Smith, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: United Kingdom.
Kaegi, R., B. Sinnet, et al. (2010). "Release of silver nanoparticles from outdoor facades." Env. Pollut.
158(9): 2900-2905
Klaine, S. J., P. J. J. Alvarez, et al. (2008). "Nanomaterials in the environment: behavior, fate,
bioavailability and effects." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27(9): 27.
Levard, C. m., E. M. Hotze, et al. (2012). "Environmental transformations of silver nanoparticles:
impact on stability and toxicity." Environmental Science & Technology 46(13): 6900-6914.
Nowack, B. and T. D. Bucheli (2007). "Occurrence, behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the
environment." Env. Pollution 150(1): 5-22.
Thank you for your kind attention
Mila Tejamaya
tejamaya@ui.ac.id
mila.tejamaya@gmail.com
Department of Occupational
Health and Safety
C Building 1st floor
Faculty of Public Health
University of Indonesia
Depok, West Java
16424
Phone: +62-21-78849033
Mobile: +62-811-18-10100
Fax: +62-21-7863487