Second Assignment for Semester 1
Hardware
1)
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List down different kind of motherboard for the pc.
Full AT
Baby AT
Full ATX
Mini ATX
E-ATX
WTX
NLX
LPX
BTX
EBX
2) What is the different between AT and ATX motherboard? Sketch the layout of the two
motherboard.
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An ATX motherboard is positioned at a 90 degree angle from the positioning of AT
motherboards. As a result, AT case can never be use with an ATX motherboard because it will
not fit.
AT motherboards use 12-pin plugs to power the motherboard. An ATX motherboard uses
one 20-pin plug for the power supply.
The AT form factor motherboard is limited to one outside connecter, a five-pin DIN
connector for the keyboard. An ATX-style motherboard is built to incorporate many other
connectors, including connections for network cards, video cards, sound cards and modems.
The power switch for an AT motherboard clicks on and clicks off. The power for an ATX
motherboard is a momentary push button that is always open unless pressed.
AN AT motherboard uses a two piece single row connector. An ATX motherboard connector
is one piece with two rows of ten connections.
AT motherboard diagram;
Primary and
Fl
Secondary
IDE
Controllers
ROM/BIOS
Chip
ISA Slot
CPU PGA
on a CPU
Socket 7
PCI Slot
C
CMOS
Battery
Floppy Drive
Controller
PRN for
Parallel Port
COM for
Serial Ports
Heat Sink
Chip Set
ATX Power
Socket
L2 Cache
Chip Set
AT Power
Socket
72 SIMM
Socket
AT DIN/5
Keyboard
Connector
168 DIMM
Socket
ATX motherboard diagram;
PS/2
Connector
USB
Ports
Parallel/
Serial
Port
ATX
Power
Socket
CPU Slot
1
DIMM Slots
Floppy Drive
Controller
IDE Controllers
(Primary and
Secondary IDE
Controller)
AGP Slot
CMOS Battery
Holder
Southbridge
Chipset
ROM/
BIOS
Chipset
Northbridge
Chipset
PCI Slot
CPU
ISA Slot
3) List the pins number of various kind of connector on the motherboard and at the back of the PC.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
PC main power =20pins or 24pins.
ATX12V=24pins.
IDE= 40pins or 80pins.
Parallel=25pin.
PS/2=6pins.
AT keyboard=5pins.
USB=4pins.
Firewire=6pins.
Floppy=33pins.
VGA=15pins.
Serial=15pins.
DVI=29pins.
4)What are the DC voltages we can find from the DC power supply.
I.
II.
III.
3.3V DV
5V DC
12V DC
5) List down the electrical problem we are facing when operating our PC
=The electrical problems might be faced on when PC was operated were the failure to power on,
hardware failures, system instability, memory errors, data errors, brownouts or reboots and the
problems come from outside the PC entirely e.g. a frayed power cable, bad socket, a dying UPS
battery, failing system of power supply and a faulty of soft switch.
6) What are ESD, EMI and RFI?
ESD (Electrostatic discharge) is the sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two
objects at different electrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.
EMI (Electromagnetic interference) is a disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either
electromagnetic conduction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source.
RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) is the process blocking radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation
from one circuit to another by separating them with a barrier made of conductive material. This is
achieved by separating the circuits with a barrier made of conductive material.
7) List different kind of PC storage.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
Hard disk drive
Compact disk(CD)
Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)
USB drive(Pen drive)
Blu-Ray Disk
Floppy disk
Memory stick
8) List various kinds of RAM and their pin numbers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)- 168pins.
DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM)-184pins.
Rambus DRAM (RDRAM)-184pins.
SIMM(Single in-line memory modules)-72pins
DIMM (Dual in-line memory modules)-168pins.
RIMM (Rambus in-line memory module)-184pins/232pins
SODIMM(MircoDIMMs)-144pins.