Sustainable Agricultural and
Natural Resources Management
Collaborative Research Support Program
Adoption of Intergrated VegetableAgroforestry System (VAF) among
Smallholder Upland Farmers
in the Philippines
ANTHONY M. PENASO, JUDITH D. INTONG
MARIA EMILY S. DAMAG, ROBIN R. MARSH
MANUEL R. REYES
North Carolina Agricultural
and Technical State University
Sustainable Agricultural and
Natural Resources Management
Collaborative Research Support Program
Agroforestry and
Sustainable Vegetable
Production in Southeast
Asian Watersheds
North Carolina Agricultural
and Technical State University
SANREM CRSP TMPEGS (SOUTHEAST ASIA) SCIENTISTS
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and Technical State University
INTRODUCTION
World population is about 6.5 billion (Levine,
2005) and is estimated to increase by 73 million
people per year.
About 800 million people are hungry, of whom
95% are in developing countries (Future Harvest
Centers, 2004a).
In East and Southeast Asia (SEA) about 1.7
billion persons are living on less than US$ 1/day
(CIMMYT, 2001).
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and Technical State University
INTRODUCTION
Furthermore, available resources such as land
and water have been rapidly diminishing. This
project seeks to alleviate poverty, food scarcity,
and reduce environmental degradation in SEA
by combining economically-viable and resourceconserving technologies, and gender friendly
socio-economic policies that benefit and reward
stakeholders in a watershed, especially smallscale farmers both women and men (SSFWM).
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and Technical State University
INTRODUCTION
The hypothesis to be tested is ‘integrating
vegetable production in the agroforestry
system on small farms will help to alleviate
poverty and enhance environmental
protection, sustainability, and ecosystem
biodiversity in SEA watersheds.’
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and Technical State University
INTRODUCTION
Another closely related hypothesis is
‘integrating agroforestry in a vegetable
production system on small farms will help
to alleviate poverty and enhance
environmental protection, sustainability,
and ecosystem biodiversity in SEA
watersheds.’
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and Technical State University
PHILIPPINE SITE:
LANTAPAN, BUKIDNON
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Lantapan is considered the
vegetable basket of southern
Philippines. The municipality
of Lantapan is located in a
river valley that is crossed by
Mindanao’s major north-south
highway some 15 km south of
Malaybalay, Bukidnon’s
provincial capital, and 100 km
southeast of Cagayan de Oro
City, the closest city and port.
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and Technical State University
 The left bank of the
Manupali River bounds
Lantapan on the south,
and a major protected
area, the Mt. Kitanglad
Range Natural Park
(MKNRP) on the north.
Lantapan is wholly
contained within the
Manupali watershed.
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and Technical State University
 In 1992, the Manupali
watershed was declared
“critical” by the
Department of
Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR),
making it subject to
restricted development
and conservation.
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and Technical State University
Lantapan has a total land area
of 35,465 hectares. Of this,
21,215 hectares are classified
as alienable and disposable
lands, while 14,250 hectares
are public lands. Lantapan has
an average elevation of 600 m,
which increases as one
proceeds northwest to MKNRP
to a maximum of 2,938 m.
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and Technical State University
About 70 per cent of the area
has slopes greater than 10%.
Soil types are generally
classified as Adtuyon and
Kidapawan clays, which are
mostly well drained. The
average annual rainfall is
2,470 mm.
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and Technical State University
Lantapan’s population
has been rapidly
increasing. It was
projected that the 2000
population would triple by
2015. Lantapan has an
agriculturally based
economy. Up to the early
90’s, ninety per cent of
the households have
been dependent on
smallholder farming.
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and Technical State University
However, this changed
since two large
corporations started
banana production in
the late 1990s. It is
estimated that about 60
per cent of the total
labor force of Lantapan
are now employed in
commercial agricultural
enterprises.
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and Technical State University
The on-going shift to
large-scale
commercial agriculture
pushed the
smallholders to farm
smaller plots in less
productive and more
environmentally fragile
areas.
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and Technical State University
Lantapan’s pattern of
agricultural
expansion involved
the replacement of
forest and
permanent crops by
annual crops. The
spread of vegetable
cropping is common
in high altitude and
steeply sloping
areas.
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and Technical State University
TECHNOLOGY
 Develop economically viable and
ecologically-sound integrated vegetableagroforestry (VAF) systems to increase
farm productivity and income, and reduce
vulnerability and risks
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and Technical State University
THE RESEARCH PROGRAM
OBJECTIVES:
T – ECHNOLOGY
M – ARKETS
P – OLICY
E – NVIRONMENTAL & SOCIO-ECONOMIC
IMPACTS
G – ENDER
S – CALING UP
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and Technical State University
What was accomplished (Philippines)?
Technology:
• V – Vegetable Agroforestry
• I - Introduction of new vegetable
varieties and indigenous vegetables
• Drip Irrigation
• Integrated Pest Management
• No-Tillage
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and Technical State University
MARKETS
 Conduct market value chain research at
the local, regional, and national levels that
builds upon existing marketing strategies
and develop interventions to overcome
constraints and make use of opportunities
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and Technical State University
POLICY
 Identify policy options and institutional
frameworks that promote sustainability of
vegetable-agroforestry production and
reward environmental services
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and Technical State University
ENVIRONMENTAL AND
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
 Assess the short and long-term
environmental and socio-economic
impacts of integrated vegetableagroforestry systems
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and Technical State University
GENDER
 Provide mechanisms to improve the
socioeconomic well-being of women
engaged in vegetable production and
agroforestry enterprises especially in
terms of income and labor share, and to
involve them in decisions that concern
their welfare.
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and Technical State University
SCALING-UP
 Build host country capacity in managing
integrated vegetable-agroforestry system
and packaging related technical,
social/economic and institutional
innovations for replication and scaling up
to other watersheds in the region
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and Technical State University
VAF ADOPTION STUDY
 The general objective of the study is to
determine the adoption behavior among
smallholder upland farmers in Barangay
Songco, Lantapan, Bukidnon, Philippines
towards integrated VAF system and to
establish feedback mechanism between
farmers and technologists.
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and Technical State University
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
 Specifically, it aims to:
(1) monitor technology adoption rate and
innovativeness of smallholder upland
farmers;
(2) assess income realized from
technology adoption (through guided selfreporting and validation) ;
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and Technical State University
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
(3) determine the influence of technology
adoption on women, men, and youth
members of the household, including labor
demand and food security, and on
management of soil, water and other
natural resources; and
(4) identify problems met in technology
adoption for immediate feedback to the
SANREM technology team.
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and Technical State University
PROJECT DURATION
START:
October 1, 2007
END:
Sept. 30, 2009
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and Technical State University
METHODOLOGY
Participatory monitoring and
evaluation using a semistructured monitoring form is
employed where fifty (50)
farmer cooperators selected in
the baseline study do selfrecording and reporting of
pertinent information relative to
adoption of integrated VAF
system.
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and Technical State University
METHODOLOGY
 Monitoring by researchers
is done twice a year (per
cropping season). In
addition, information
received is communicated in
timely fashion to the
technical field staff to
facilitate adaptation to
account for farmer adoption
constraints.
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and Technical State University
PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
 Conducted participatory
monitoring and
evaluation for the
second cropping period,
CY 2007 (July –
December 2007) last
January 2007
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and Technical State University
PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
 Presented project
concerns during the 3rd
Global Annual Meeting of
SANREM-CRSP help at
Splash Mountain Resort
and oasis Hotel, Los
Baños, Laguna on May
26-29, 2008)
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and Technical State University
PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
 The second round of monitoring and
evaluation for the first cropping period,
CY (January – June 2008) will be
conducted this month of July 2008
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and Technical State University
The End
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and Technical State University