Genetics Flashcards 1) The modern science of genetics began in the ___? 2) A monk named ____ deduced the fundamental principles of genetics by breeding ___. 3) The offspring in 2 different variations are called what? 4) Cross fertilization is referred to as what? 5) The true breeding parental plants are called ___. 6) The hybrid offspring of the P generation plants are known as ___. 7) The offspring of the F1 generation plants are known as ___. 8) The genetic make-up, or the type of genes a person has is a ___. 9) Genes that affect the same traits are called ___. 10) The allele which is traditionally indicated by an uppercase letter is the ___ trait. 11) The allele which is traditionally indicated by a lowercase letter is the ___ trait. 12) ee is called ____ 13) EE is called ____ 14) Ee is called ____ 15) The physical appearance of a person is called the ___. 16) Free earlobes (E) are dominant 17) Attached earlobes (e) are recessive 18) What are the alleles for a person with an unattached earlobe phenotype? 19) Example: What alleles will a homozygous recessive earlobe have? 20) Example: What alleles will a homozygous dominate earlobe have? 21) Example: What alleles will a heterozygous earlobe have? 22) Example test question: Cross a heterozygous parents and a homozygous recessive parents, what are the chances the offspring will have a recessive dominant (ee) allele? 23) Example test question: What is the ratio for crossing two heterozygous parents for earlobe attachment? (Ee x Ee) 24) Example test question: If two people with homozygous attached earlobes have an offspring, what will the phenotype of the offspring be 1860s Monk: Gregor Mandel by breeding peas Hybrids Hybridization P generation F1 generation F2 generation Genotype Alleles Dominant Recessive Homozygous recessive genotype Homozygous dominant genotype Heterozygous genotype Phenotype EE or Ee ee EE Ee 50% chance 3:1 All offspring will have attached earlobes Genetics Flashcards 25) Example test question: What is the ratio for crossing a heterozygous parent for ear lobe attachment and a homozygous recessive parent? (Ee x ee) 26) Example test question: In crossing two heterozygous parents, what are the chances for a pure recessive offspring? 27) If a human inherits two X chromosomes, the person will be male or female? 28) Trisomy 21 is more commonly known as 29) is there any relation between the age of women and having a Down syndrome? 30) what is the procedure to detect a Down Syndrome child called? 31) Who determines the sex of a new born? Father or mother? 32) What is the extra male chromosome called? 33) What are the results of having an extra male chromosome? 34) What causes the lack of breast development in female? 35) What are the results of Triple-x syndrome in females? 36) Turner syndrome causes female with short and broad chest, webbed neck. True or false. 37) What are the signs of Turner syndrome in women? 38) What is it called when only one dominant allele needs to be present? 39) What disorder is associated with colored spots on skin? 40) What are three types of Homozygous Disorder? 41) Which genetic disease is the most common lethal genetic disease among U.S. Caucasians and is characterized by abnormally thick mucus in the bronchial tubes? 42) Cystic Fibrosis usually occurs among Jewish people. True or False. 43) What are the signs of Cystic Fibrosis? 1:1 25% chance female Down syndrome yes Amniocentesis Father Jacob Syndrome or XYY 1. Males are usually taller than average 2. Suffer from persistent acne 3. Tend to have speech and reading problems Turner syndrome or missing sex chromosome 1. Tendency toward learning disabilities 2. Menstrual characteristics True 1. They do not go under puberty or menstruate 2. Lack of breast development 3. They are usually of normal intelligence Dominant Disorder Dominant Disorder 1. Cystic Fibrosis 2. Tay- Sachs disease 3. Phenylketonuria cystic fibrosis False 1. The mucus in the bronchial tubes is thick 2. Interferes with breathing 3. Lungs get infected Genetics Flashcards 44) What are the features of Tay- Sachs disease? 45) What disorder is an enzyme deficiency that first cousins who marry are more likely to pass to their offspring? 46) What genetic disorder is characterized by having “coffee with milk” spots and benign tumors? 47) Their children may have the disorder, or they also may be carriers. When they are carriers, they are said to have the “trait” or the disorder. But not the disease. What traits are these? 48) When the red blood cells do not carry oxygen well, and they get stuck in arteries it is known as what disease? 49) What types of traits are controlled by alleles on the sex chromosomes? 50) What are sex-linked traits/disorders? 51) What are the two categories of sex-linked disorders? 52) What are X-linked traits? 53) Name some X-Linked disorders (a type of Sexlinked disorders) 54) Sex-linked traits are more common in males or females? 55) What is a Sex-Influenced Trait? 56) Name one sex-influenced trait 1. Prominent among people of Jewish descent 2. Child becomes blind and helpless 3. Caused by an enzyme deficiency 4. Develops uncontrollable seizures 5. Child becomes paralyzed Phenylketonuria (PKU) Neurofibromatosis Incompletely dominant traits Sickle-Cell Disease Sex-Linked Traits Those that are on either the X or Y chromosome. X-linked (females are carriers, males get the disorder) Y-linked (males are the carriers and get the disorder) Traits that are on the X chromosome, so males are more likely to have the disorder. Females have two X Chromosomes, so they might have a good gene on their other X chromosome. Usually the mother is a silent carrier and passes the defective gene to the male children. Color blindness Muscular Dystrophy Haemophilia Male pattern baldness Males One sex or the other is more likely to have the condition. In females, and index finger longer than the fourth finger (ring finger) is dominant. In males, and index finger longer than the fourth finger