A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Introduction
Philippines as the centre of the centre of global marine biodiversity
Scientists refer to the 7,107 islands that make up the Philippines as the “center of the center” of global marine biodiversity. Its waters are home
to whales, dolphins, 50 species of sea horses and over 2,000 species fish, including the largest fish in the world, the whale shark. Marine
resources are also critical to the food security and livelihoods of Filipinos, as fish provide over 50% of their protein and support the livelihoods of
The Philippines is located in the Coral Triangle, a vast
region in Southeast Asia made up of 18,500 islands and 647 million hectares of ocean. It is often referred to
as the “nursery of the seas” because of the more than 500 species of coral and hundreds of thousands of
hectares of sea grass and coastal mangrove forests that shelter and sustain a level of marine diversity
unmatched anywhere on the planet.
millions of fishers and fish-related industries throughout the country.
Species and Habitat under Complex Threats
the global center of marine biodiversity is under extreme pressure. Over 40% of the reef and
mangroves in the region have disappeared in the last 40 years. Near-shore overfishing is a serious threat to
these natural resources, and reversing the effects will require a significant change in human behavior. Less
Today, however
than five percent of the Philippines’ coral reef ecosystems are still in pristine health, and in some fishing grounds, biomass is less than 10% of
what it was 50 years ago. Most near-shore fishing is conducted by subsistence fishers in coastal communities although illegal intrusions by
commercial fishers into municipal waters are cause for concern.
A Campaign to Transform the Context
Developing local approaches to addressing the threat of overfishing is increasingly recognized as vital to long-term economic and environmental
sustainability in the region. The vision behind this plan, and the current cohort of 12 campaign developed under the Rare Pride Program in the
Philippines, is to facilitate true community buy and ownership of the local Marine Protected Areas building on the tools developed in 20 years of
Through this
strategy the objective is to get the local fishers population as well as the wider community in the Barangays
surrounding the MPA to take ownership in and understand the benefit of no-take-areas and support
essential management activities such as enforcement and governance of the MPA.
experience in MPA management in the Philippines and combining it with the Rare Pride Methodology for social marketing.
Cohort Theory of change: a strategy for change
In order to eliminate the principle threat of overfishing and destructive fishing the governance and
enforcement infrastructures of the no-take-zone (NTZ) at 12 sites in the Philippines will be strengthened via
a proven self-assessment and planning tool, the Participatory Coastal Resources Assessment tool (PCRA).
Key target audiences (local fishers and gleaners; the local community, the MPA enforcement team and local
LGU officials) will be informed of the benefits of the No Take Zone (NTZ), the rules of the sanctuary, and the
processes for becoming more engaged in the MPA management committee. Fishers and gleaners will come
to believe in MPA as a tool for food security, and will support new reporting structures for arrests and
prosecution of intruders. The conservation results will include increased perceived fish catch, increases in
fish numbers and species richness, increase in invertebrates, and increase in coral reef health.
2. Uson Buang Pongco Bonga Campaign Theory of Change
Theory of Change:
K +
TA1.Primary
Fishers (from
Uson, Buang and
Pongo Bonga)
know the
benefits and the
rules from the
NTZ
TA2 Organized
community
(secondary)
.Awareness of
the role at their
level in pursuing
plans and
programs for the
MPA and aware
of benefits of
MPA
A +
IC + BR
Fishers fully
convinced that
the MPA is both a
source of
sustained income
and food
therefore they
must believe they
can stop
intrusion in the
NTZ
fishers discuss
with one another
the
consequences of
breaking the
rules and their
role in the MPA
management
Organized
communities are
willing to
participate in and
support meetings
and activities
related to MPA
They will talk
among
themselves their
role in managing
local marine
resources for the
community
The local mgt.
Council is
strengthened to
enforce the
regulation on the
MPA and in
implementing the
Mgt Council Plan
They will entrust
the leadership of
UBPBFSMR
BC
Increase the
number of
fishermen to stop
intruding into the
NTZ
Increase the
number of
fishermen to
sustain support to
NTZ by passing
intelligence to Mgt
Council and
enforcers
Increased level of
participation in
MPA management
TR
CR
Reduced
incidence of
intrusion and
fishing inside
the MPA NTZ
Increase in fish
catch; increase
fish biomass;
increase in reef
health
K+
TA 3.
Communities
(primary)
Communities are
aware of the
benefits and
regulations of
their NTZ and
know who to
report to
TA4 (secondary)
Awareness of the
MPA structures,
levels of
authority and
corresponding
functions, duties
and
responsibilities in
achieving goals
for the MPA
A+
Communities
have increased
level of support
in the
enforcement of
regulations in the
MPA
Performs their
role in providing
CRM services in
the 36 coastal
barangays
including MPA
management in
Uson Buang
Pongco Bonga
IC + BR
communities
discuss with one
another their
role in reporting
intrusions,
violations in
support to MPA
management
The Council is
strengthened to
enforce the
regulation on the
MPA and in
implementing the
Mgt Council Plan
Key LGU
employees will
discuss with each
other their role
to further
strengthen the
MPA structure
Increased
protection through
monitoring
effectiveness of
regulations in the
MPA
BC
increase the
number of
community
members who
sustain support to
NTZ by reporting
violations,
intrusions
For the Local
Goverrnment Unit
employees to
afford the MPA
sustained policy
support
TR
Reduced
incidence of
intrusion and
fishing inside
the MPA NTZ
CR
Inncrease in fish
catch; increase
fish biomass;
increase in reef
health
Theory of Change narrative:
In order to reduce the threat of increased incidence of intrusion and fishing inside the MPA NTZ,
the target audiences comprised of fishers & costal residents from Uson, Buang and Pongo Bongawill (primary TA), and
organized groups and key LGU employees (secondary/BR groups the campaign will work with) from will be made aware of
the benefits of having an NTZ as well as the rules and regulations with regard to the NTZ.
Theory of Change narrative:
The behavior change will become evident when the MPA rules are actively enforced leading to an increase in arrests and
prosecutions of intruders into the MPA. Also, the fishers are encouraged to voluntarily comply with MPA rules. This will
result in reduced fishing in the MPA and increased sustainable fishing gears such as hook and line.
In the end, the campaign’s impact will be measured by significant changes (knowledge, attitudes and behavior), increased coral
reef health, increased fish numbers/biomass/species richness, increased invertebrate numbers /species richness and fishers’,
and increased perceived fish catch.
The campaign will be successful if the live hard coral cover and fish density increase by 10 percent by July 2012 (compared to
baseline from May 2011). Shifts from negative attitudes that sees MPAs as a restriction on their livelihood and fishing shift to
perception of the MPA as a food security “bank of the sea” that brings benefits to the whole community and future generations
in the form of dividends of increased fish catch around the MPA.
3. Site summary
(This section corresponds to the site summary created during the first University Phase. Please revise it, noting that a few minor
changes have been made to the information required, and insert it here)
Project Name
Project Name
Uson Buang Pongco Bonga Fish Sanctuary and Marine Reserve
Project Data Effective Date
2011-06-12
Project Scope and Vision
Scope/Site Name
Bgy. Uson
Scope/Site Description
A 46.25-hectare “No Take Zone” in Bacacay, Albay established and supported by the Local Government Unit
in keeping with its being a DENR declared a Priority Marine Protection Area for its being a migratory path of
whalesharks,tuna, reef fishes, and other marine species.
Vision Statement Text
A model learning site that showcases the many different benefits of having a balanced coastal and marine
ecosystem that is well-managed by its stakeholders with institutionalized and functioning systems.
Biodiversity Features
Biodiversity Area
Biodiversity Background
Amount of hectares in site
1. An overview of the area’s
biodiversity, including
Municipal waters: 165,000 has; coastline: 143 km; 45.63 NTZ; land
area of Municipality 616 has; area of MPA: 11,220 has; fishery reserve:
453.25 has
1.Reef: 3 sites 38.8 % live coral cover having acropora and nonacropora spp., presence of Halimeda spp. (algae); tridacna; seagrass
2.
3.
4.
5.
ecosystem types and an
estimate for species richness
for as many groups as
possible (refer to data from
similar sites where need be).
List any recent research on
the site’s biodiversity
(provide full references for
all work in last decade).
Provide a list of vegetation
types, including the main
types of woodland, grassland
and similar communities, and
cultivated land, indicating
whether any are of particular
conservation interest.
Provide a list of introduced
species. Where possible,
include English, local, and
scientific nomenclature, and
indicate whether the species
is causing any problems and
to what extent.
Provide information on other
species of special interest
(perhaps they are
taxonomically unique in
some way, are valuable for
medical or other purposes),
potential flagship species,
etc.
and mangroves (no status assessment
2. Fish census 9/25/01 by BFAR
Benthic lifeform assessment 9/25/01 by BFAR
3. Mangrove spp dominated by Bakauan spp (Rhizopora apiculata;
coconut, pandan spp locally called karagomoy
4. no noted introduced spp.
Labridae family are present in good quantity. Reef fishes also present.
They are important in aquarium fish trade
Biodiversity Features
Biodiversity Area
Amount of hectares in site
Municipal waters: 165,000 has; coastline: 143 km; 45.63 NTZ; land
area of Municipality 616 has; area of MPA: 11,220 has; fishery reserve:
453.25 has
Biodiversity Background
1. An overview of the area’s
biodiversity, including
ecosystem types and an
estimate for species richness
for as many groups as
possible (refer to data from
similar sites where need be).
2. List any recent research on
the site’s biodiversity
(provide full references for
all work in last decade).
3. Provide a list of vegetation
types, including the main
types of woodland, grassland
and similar communities, and
cultivated land, indicating
whether any are of particular
conservation interest.
4. Provide a list of introduced
species. Where possible,
include English, local, and
scientific nomenclature, and
indicate whether the species
is causing any problems and
to what extent.
5. Provide information on other
species of special interest
1.Reef: 3 sites 38.8 % live coral cover having acropora and nonacropora spp., presence of Halimeda spp. (algae); tridacna; seagrass
and mangroves (no status assessment
2. Fish census 9/25/01 by BFAR
Benthic lifeform assessment 9/25/01 by BFAR
3. Mangrove spp dominated by Bakauan spp (Rhizopora apiculata;
coconut, pandan spp locally called karagomoy
4. no noted introduced spp.
Labridae family are present in good quantity. Reef fishes also present.
They are important in aquarium fish trade
(perhaps they are
taxonomically unique in
some way, are valuable for
medical or other purposes),
potential flagship species,
etc.
Protected Area Categories
What is the status of the protected
area? What are the main threats to
the area?
Declared FSMR Municipal Ordinance No. 107 s. 2002
Legal Status
Information about the various legal
statutes and regulations relevant to
your site and the wildlife that live
there.
Priority Marine Resources Conservation (having been part of Albay
Gulf) as declared by DENR in 1997 for reef fishes, whaleshark, tuna,
elasmobranchs
Legislative Context
List all the formal legal instruments
which relate to your site (“soft” and
“hard”): International Conventions
your country has signed on to,
special international designations it
might boast (e.g., a World Heritage
Site, Man and Biosphere Reserve),
any relevant national and local
conservation-related legislation, and
deeds of public/private ownership of
your site. As you do so, give them a
score from 1-5 according to how
effective you think they presently are
(with 1=not effective and 5=very
effective).
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ramsar, IUCN, CBD, Coral triangle
RA 8550-Fisheries Code of the Philippines
Albay Provincial Environment Code of 2002
Ordinance No. 107 s 2002 by LGU Bacacay
Physical Description
Description of the site; is it
mountainous, forested, coral reef,
etc. Topographical information of
the site. Climatic information of the
site.
Rolling and undulating terrain, Type II climate Rainy season from
October to January and dry season from February to September.
Average temperature is 22 degrees Celsius on rainy wet and 27.07
degrees Celsius on wet season.
Biological Description
Biological description of the site that
has not been discussed elsewhere
and that you want to have in your
reports.
Nine islets: Bogias, Pagliswican, Umagob, Masaginsin, Tumarab,
Langaton, and two islands in Namanday and CAGRARAY where the
MPA is located.
There are five mangrove species identified and existing in the
municipality. A total of 136.55 ha is devoted to aquaculture ponds.
Seagrass patches located in Uson and Tambilagao area. Algae and
seaweeds also present in Uson. Green algae locally known as lato are
found in Nahapunan, Bariw and Damacan, all of Sula Channel.
Eucheuma culture known as gulaman can be grown in Namanday,
Tambilagao, Cagbulacao, Busdac and Buang.
Socio-Economic
Information
Description of the economy at the
site. Make a list of all the living and
non-living resources that are
presently being extracted from your
site. Where possible, give some
measure of the value of these
products in local currency (per item,
kilo, bundle, etc.). As a way of
putting these numbers into a
meaningful context, indicate how
much a laborer would normally be
paid by the hour or for a day’s work.
Fishery dependent population based on LGU existing data (2010). Mat weaving is an
alternative source of income. Average mat production is two mats per day per person
at 100 pesos per mat sold in the City of Tabaco. A laborer is paid some 250 pesos for
a day’s work. Deep sea fishers on the average get 10 kilos per fishing effort, shallow
water fishers get two kilos per fishing effort.
Historical Description
Brief overview of the history of the It was founded in 1649. It was made into Protected Area in 2002. It was
site. Do other countries contest it?
not logged, original vegetation remains. No huge trees since upland is
Has it been logged? When was it
dependent on rain. Not farmed either.
made into a protected area? Was the
site once part of a colony?
Cultural Description
Description of the main cultural
groups at or near the site. What
religions are practiced? Are the
people a minority group within the
country? Are there any cultural
traditions that you need to know in
order to be able to work in the site,
for example, special holidays, or
beliefs about how the site should be
treated?
Native Bicolanos who speak Bicol inhabit the area. Majority is Roman
Catholic. Feast Day is every August 16th.
Access Information
Description of how to access the site Access is only by boat. Difficult to access during northeast monsoon.
(by boat only? By car using what
From Tabaco City there is daily trip to Uson at 12.00 noon. The boat
roads, etc). Give times when access leaves the next day for Tabaco City Port located in Bgy. San Roque.
is harder or easier due to things like
rainy season or winters.
Visitation Information
Details on what someone should
know in order to visit the site, for
example where they should originate
their trip, or who might rent them a
boat.
They must start trip from Legazpi City. They then must take a bus to
Tabaco City then form Tabaco City take a tricycle to Bgy San Roque
where the port to Uson is located. Chartered trips may be arranged with
Mike Basallote
Current Land Uses
Information about land tenure and
land use at the site.
Predominantly agricultural; Alienable and disposable with patches of
timberland along the villages outside the site e.g. Salvacion
Management Resources
Description of the management
structure, resources, organizations,
roles, and any other information
relevant to management of the site.
The Local Government Unit of Bacacay at the Municipal level assumes
over-all management on the FSMR. The Mayor is directly supported by
the Mun. Adricultural Officer-Pio Caneso who has oversight function
on the FSMR Management Council. The Management Council is
supported by four functional units: Fishery Law Enforcement Team,
Surveillance Team; Sanctuary Maintenance; and Monitoring and
Evaluation. The latter is manned by LGU, Bureau of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources and other government entities like the DENR.
IUCN Red-list Species
Red-List Species
Enter the common and scientific
names of any species at your site
that are listed by IUCN Red Data
list and give a brief explanation of
why they are listed and what their
current status is.
Tridacna sp.- giant clam ( Critically endangered due to
overharvesting)
Chelonia mydas-Green sea turtles ( Endangered due to habitat
destruction; entangled in fish nets and hunted for meat)
Rhincodon typus- whaleshark (Endangered due to strandings)
Tuna spp.- threatened due to overharvesting or overfishing
Other Notable Species
Other Notable Species
Common and scientific names of
other important species at your site
such as endemic species, keystone
species, commercial species.
Wrasse fish (“Mameng” in Filipino and “Bukhawon” in the MPA
village (subject to validation as to what particular species hence, no
scientific name yet)
Pandan spp. Endemic to the site used for mat weaving
Location and Topography
13°13’-13° 22’
Project Latitude
The latitude of your project site
using numbers between -90 degrees
and 90 degrees.
Project Longitude
The longitude of your project site
123°42’-123°57’
using numbers between -180 degrees
and 180 degrees.
Country/Countries
The country/countries of your site.
States/Provinces
The name(s) of the states and/or
ALBAY
provinces where your site is located.
Municipalities
The name(s) of the
municipally/municipalities where
your site is located.
BACACAY
Legislative Districts
The name(s) of the legislative
districts where your site is located.
FIRST DISTRICT OF ALBAY
Location Details
A textual narrative about the
location.
Bacacay occupies the eastern slope of Mayon Volcano, in Southeast of
LUZON ISLANDS, PHILIPPINES descending to the lowlands facing
the Pacific Ocean. The town lies on the eastern part of the Province of
Albay and includes the island of Cagraray I, it is bounded on the north
by Tabaco Bay on the south by the Municipality of Sto. Domingo and
Albay Gulf; on the East by Lagonoy Gulf and on the West by the
Municipality of Malilipot.
Site Map Reference
Paste a GoogleMaps URL into this
box (http://maps.google.com/), by
locating your site on Google Maps,
then click “Link” to have the map of
your site referenced.
http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=
bacacay+albay+philippines&sll=37.0625,95.677068&sspn=23.542772,71.015625&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Baca
cay,+Albay,+Bicol+4509,+Philippines&t=h&z=11
Comments
Any additional information about
Average fish catch per fishing effort of motorized outrigger boat: 10
your site’s location that has not been kilos
included above, but you think you
Average fish catch per fishing effort of non-motorized boat: 2 kilos
will need to be included in your site
summary.
Human Stakeholders
PHILIPPINES
Human Stakeholder Population Total number of people who live within 3,036 individuals, 535 Households but total population of Albay Gulf
Size
the target site.
fishers:343,269 in 2007 from SUMACORE, Inc.
Social Context
Additional information on population, Albay Gulf: declared Priority Site for Marine Conservation by DENR in
including demographic, geographic, etc. 1997.
Stakeholder Matrix (Project Team)
Given
Name
Surname
Resource
ID
Organization
Position
Roles
Email
Phone
Given name
Surname
Initials or
nickname
Name of the
organization this
person works for
Job title or work
description (i.e.
fisher, stakeholder)
Team member,
project leader,
stakeholder,
project advisor,
etc.
Email
address
Cell and office
phone numbers
Eduardo
Castelo
Ed
MFARMC
Chair
Stakeholder
09128939583
Pio
Caneso
Pio
Mun. Agric. Office
Mun. Agriculturist
Project advisor
052-5583243
Danny
Barotilla
Danny
LGU-Pongco-Bonga
Bgy. Capt.
stakeholder
Gina
Bustamante
Gina
Buang
Buang
stakeholder
Manuel
Basallote
Manny
LGU-Uson
-do-
Team member
Maria
Lourdes
Achero
Malou
MAO-LGU Bacacay
Agric. Technician
Joselin
Marcus
Fragada
RED Marc
DENR V
RED- Regional
Executive Director
Supervisor
Felix
Mendoza
Felix
DENR PAWCZMS
V
Regional Technical
Director
-do-
Mafe
Reganit
Pot
-do-
Science Res.
Assistant
TWG DENR
member
Arnel
Boholst
Arnel
LGU Bacacay
President, MFAMMC
Bicol Region
Advisor
Fr. Efren
Bantog
Fr. Efren
SOLT-Bgy. Cabasan
Parish Priest
09198686860
09166962307
redreg5@yah
oo.com
052-4820691
rtdfcmendoza 09175094970
@yahoo.com
Given
Name
Surname
Resource
ID
Organization
Position
Roles
Myrna
Baylon
Mina
DENR PAWCZMS
Sr. EMS
TWG-DENR
member
Email
Phone
053-4820269
Organization Matrix
Name
Role(s)
Given Name
Surname
Email
Phone
Name of organization
that may be involved
or integral to the
success of the Pride
campaign
Role that this
organization might play
in the Pride campaign
Primary contact’s
given name
Primary
contact’s
surname
Email address
Cell and office
phone numbers
AKO Bicol Partylist
Legislation, lobbying in
Congress
Source of supplemental
funds for Barrier
Removal Strategies
Atty. Rodel
Atty. Pido
Christopher
Batocabe
Garbin
Co
www.akobicol.com
c/o Rey Kallos
09324359666
LGU-Provincial
Government of Albay
Source of fund;
legislation support and
tourism promotion
Gov. Joey
Salceda
www.albay.gov.ph
(052) 481 2555.
govoffice@albay.gov.ph  (052) 480
3444
Diocese of Legazpi
Barrier Removal
Strategy (Mat making
and Grameen banking)
Rev. Fr. Ramon
“Fr. Monching”
Segubiense
sacleg@globalink.net.ph Phone: +63 52
8205302
+63 52 8205302
Telefax: +63
52 481-2384
Audience
Audiences
# of People in Audience
Short name for each target
audience
Target audience population
TA1-Fishers
Audience Summary
100
TA2-Organized community 100
TA3- Coastal residents
1132
TA4- key LGU employees
10
-
Threats
The IUCN Threats Classification Scheme http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threatsclassification-scheme-ver3
offers a hierarchical listing of the causes of species decline and gives the following major headings.
1 Residential
and Commercial
Development
1.1 Housing and Urban Areas
1.2 Commercial and Industrial Areas
1.3 Tourism and Recreation Areas
5 Biological Resource Use
5.1 Hunting and Trapping Terrestrial Animals
5.1.1 Intentional Mortality (Human Use)
5.1.2 Incidental or Accidental Mortality (bycatch)
5.1.3 Persecution/control
5.1.4 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
5.2 Gathering Terrestrial Plants
5.2.1 Intentional mortality (human use)
5.2.2 Incidental or accidental mortality (bycatch)
5.2.3 Persecution/control
5.2.4 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
5.3 Logging and Wood Harvesting
5.3.1 Intentional mortality (human use - subsistence/small scale)
5.3.2 Intentional mortality (human use - large scale)
5.3.3 Incidental or accidental mortality (bycatch - subsistence/small
scale)
5.3.4 Incidental or accidental mortality (bycatch - large scale)
9 Pollution
9.1 Domestic and Urban Waste Water
9.1.1 Sewage
9.1.2 Run-Off
9.1.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
9.2 Industrial and Military Effluents
9.2.1 Oil Spills
9.2.2 Seepage from Mining
9.2.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
9.3 Agricultural and Forestry Effluents
9.3.1 Nutrient loads
9.3.2 Soil erosion, sedimentation
9.3.3 Herbicides and pesticides
9.3.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
9.4 Garbage and Solid Waste
9.5Air-borne Pollutants
9.5.1 Acid Rain
5.3.5 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
5.4.1 Intentional mortality (human use - subsistence/small scale)
5.4.2 Intentional mortality (human use - large scale)
5.4.3 Incidental or accidental mortality (bycatch - subsistence/small
scale)
5.4.4 Incidental or accidental mortality (bycatch - large scale)
5.4.5 Persecution/control
5.4.6 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
9.5.2 Smog
9.5.3 Ozone
9.5.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
9.6 Excess Energy
9.6.1 Light pollution
9.6.2 Thermal pollution
9.6.3 Noise pollution
9.6.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
2 Agriculture and Aquaculture
6 Human Intrusions and Disturbance
10 Ecological Events
1.4 Annual and Perennial non-timber crops
1.4.1 Shifting agriculture
1.4.2 Small-holder farming
1.4.3 Agro-industry farming
1.4.4 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
1.5 Wood & pulp plantations
1.5.1 Small-holder plantations
1.5.2 Agro-industry plantations
1.5.3 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
1.6 Livestock farming & ranching
1.6.1 Nomadic grazing
1.6.2 Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming
1.6.3 Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming
1.6.4 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
1.7 Marine and Freshwater Aquaculture
1.7.1 Subsistence/artisinal aquaculture
1.7.2 Industrial aquaculture
1.7.3 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
6.1 Recreational Activities
6.2 War, civil unrest and military exercises
6.3 Work & other activities
10.2 Volcanoes
10.2 Earthquakes/tsunamis
10.3 Avalanches/landslides
3 Energy Production and Mining
7 Natural System Modifications
3.1 Oil and Gas Drilling
3.2 3.2 Mining & quarrying
3.3 3.3 Renewable energy
7.1 Fire & fire suppression
7.1.1 Increase in fire frequency/intensity
7.1.2 Suppression in fire frequency/intensity
7.1.3 Trend Unknown/Unrecorded
7.2 Dams & water management/use
7.2.1 Abstraction of surface water (domestic use)
7.2.2 Abstraction of surface water (commercial use)
7.2.3 Abstraction of surface water (agricultural use)
7.2.4 Abstraction of surface water (unknown use)
7.2.5 Abstraction of ground water (domestic use)
7.2.6 Abstraction of ground water (commercial use)
7.2.7 Abstraction of ground water (agricultural use)
7.2.8 Abstraction of ground water (unknown use)
7.2.9 Small dams
7.2.10
Large dams
7.2.11
Dams (size unknown)
7.3 Other ecosystem modifications
11 Climate Change and Severe
Weather
4 Transportation and Service
8 Invasive and Other Problematic Species and
11.1 Habitat shifting and Alteration
11.2 Droughts
11.3 Temperature extremes
11.4 Storms and Flooding
11.5 Other impacts
12 Unknown
Corridors
Genes
4.1 Roads & railroads
4.2 Utility & service lines
4.3 Shipping lanes
4.4 Flight paths
8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species
8.1.1 Unspecified species
8.1.2 Named species
8.2 Problematic native species
8.3 Introduced genetic material
Key Biodiversity
Targets
Direct Threats
Acanthaster plancii crown of
thorns predator of reef
Severity
Use the full IUCN classifications
above to make a list of all the
threats you consider the most
important to your site and to any
notable species within it.
Tourism and recreation area
Rate the relative severity
of each threat on a scale of
1-4, where 1=low,
2=medium, 3=high, 4
=very high.
2
Soil erosion and sedimentation
storms and flooding
2
Acanthaster plancii (CoT)
Fishing and harvesting aquatic
resources
Fishing & harvesting aquatic
resources
Contributing factors [including indirect
threats]
Misibis Resort on the other end of the island.
Pressure on the reef
Shifting agriculture
Climate Change
2
Rise in population due to erratic weather patterns
3
Weak law enforcement in other areas
4
High market demand for fish products
Increased number of fishers and human population
dependent on fishing as a source of income, and
sustenance.
Source of information:
Municipal Agriculture Office, Municipality of Bacacay, Albay and Bgy. Capt. Manuel Basallote, LGU Bgy Uson, Bacacay, Albay