Link 16
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
Multifunctional Information Distribution System
(JTIDS / MIDS)
Spectrum Issues Tutorial Information
PJCC 2012
26 July 2012
Honolulu
This information is furnished upon the condition that it or knowledge of its possession will not be released to any nation outside of
those participating in the JTIDS/MIDS Multi-National Working Group (MNWG) without specific authority of and benefit to a
MNWG member; that individual or corporate rights originating in the information whether patented or not, will be respected and; that
the information will be provided the same degree of security afforded to the providing MNWGs member government organization.
This brief is presented on behalf of the US MNWG Head of Delegation.
Tutorial Information Agenda
1.
Introduction
Opening Remarks
2.
Background
Link 16 Description
Frequency Spectrum Implications
Link 16 Compatibility in the Frequency Band
Link 16 Waveform Design Considerations
Link 16 and Aviation Systems Analyses and Test Programmes
MNWG Common Frequency Clearance Criteria
US Frequency Remapping Capability
Link 16 Terminal EMC Protection Features
Acronyms
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Background
Link 16
Description and Frequency Band
Implications
Background
• Link 16 Description
–
–
–
–
Link 16 JTIDS/MIDS System Description and Functions
Equipment/Terminals
Example Platforms
Time Slot Duty Factor
• The 960-1215 MHz Frequency Band Spectrum Implications
– National Frequency Clearance Agreements
– Frequency Sharing 960 – 1215 MHz Band
– Surveillance, Navigational Aides and Other Aviation Systems
Link 16 JTIDS/MIDS System Description
JTIDS
•
•
•
•
•
International Cooperation
Joint & Allied Interoperability
Open Architecture
State of the Art Technology
Acquisition Reform
MIDS
• Secure and Jam-Resistant Communications, Navigation and Identification
System
–
–
–
–
–
Tactical Digital Data and Voice
Low Probability of Exploitation
User Identification
Relative Navigation
Inherent Relay Capability
–
–
–
–
–
Nodeless
Frequency: 960-1215 MHz
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
Multiple Voice Channels
Situational Awareness
• Other Characteristics
– Frequency Hopping over 51 different carrier frequencies
– Utilizes Hybrid Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum signals
– Data Rates: 28.8 - 119.0 Kbps (error correction); ET proposes 1 Mbps
– Omnidirectional broadcast
– High Capacity
– US DOD Primary data link
– Many US allies also utilize Link 16
Link 16 EQUIPMENT/Terminals*
CLASS 1
HIGH POWER
AMPLIFIER GROUP
RT
1.56 CU. FT
200 WATTS
180 LBS.
1.35 CU. FT
1040 WATTS
The Future
JSF
SCWDL
JTRS
CLASS 2M
1981
CLASS 2H (SHIP/GROUND/AIR)
U.S. ARMY
1.25 CU. FT
200 WATTS
90 LBS.
MIDS LVT1
1990
Display Drawer
Display unit
Joystick
CLASS 2H
USN SHIPS
1 kW
840 LBS.
SDB
AMF
CLASS 2
DPG
HPAG Drawer/Group
High Power Amplifier
Antenna Interface Unit
Blower Assembly (2)
Terminal Controller Drawer
Controller
Alternating Current Adapter
Fan Assembly
Control/Status Panel
USAF MIDS LVT3
40 – 80 Watts
STT
U.S. AND EUROPEAN
AIRCRAFT
0.6 CU. FT
200 WATTS
64 LBS.
MIDS Terminal Drawer
RT-1765/USQ-140(V)(C)
Remote Power Supply
HIA
Blower Assembly
PIU Drawer
Power Interface Unit
MIDS - JTR
UK AN/URC-138
F22 ICNIA
MIDS On Ship
USN Ships
1 KW
Army MIDS LVT2
200 Watts
*Not to Scale
B1
Example Link-16 Platforms
Present and Future
EUROFIGHTER
B2
(Typhoon)
USN EA-6B
Mirage
F22
USN SH-60
USAF E-3
F-16
USAF F-15
UCAV
COMPASS CALL/
SENIOR SCOUT
UK TORNADO
F-35
F-18
US NAVY
CARRIER
US NAVY CG
Link-16
US NAVY E-2C
RIVET JOINT/
COMBAT SENT
NATO E-3
USMC JTIDS
MODULE
ASOC
NATO CRC
UK E-3
USAF JTIDS
MODULE
FR E-3
USAF JOINT STARS
USAF
AOC
MIDS is the Third Generation
Link-16 Terminal
US ARMY
FAAD
MDA
PATRIOT
MDA
THAAD
USMC
TAOM
USAF
CRC
MDA
CORPS SAM
JTIDS - First and Second
Generation Link-16 Terminals
Link 16 System Architecture
High Capacity
Antijam
Extended LOS
Flexible
Secure
Link 16
Transmit capacity varies from unit to unit.
More turns means more capacity.
Time Division Multiple Access
CONTROL &
REPORTING
CENTE R
PS EUDORANDOM
DELAY
AIRBORNE
EA RLY
WA RNING
JTIDS
TRANS MISS ION
FIGHTE R
TIME SLOTS
128 P ER SE COND
INFORMATION BEARING PORTION
96039CG4
SY NC
PREAM BLE
PROPAGATION
INTERVAL
JTIDS / MIDS TDMA ARCHITECTURE
• 12 SECONDS PER FRAME
126
NETS
• 1536 TIME SLOTS/FRAME (EACH
NET)
• 127 NETS
• TERMINAL RESTRICTED TO ONE
NET EACH TIME SLOT
0
1 2 3
• IN A TIME SLOT TERMINAL CAN
TRANSMIT OR RECEIVE - NOT BOTH
4 56 7
SYNC
7.8125 ms
TIME SLOT
JITTER
TIME SLOTS
MESSAGE
PROPAGATION
TIME SLOT / SIGNAL STRUCTURE
7.8125 msec
PSEUDORANDOM
DELAY
TIME SLOT
PULSE TRAIN
SPREAD
SPECTRUM
f
1
f
2
PREAMBLE
f
f
3
INFORMATION BEARING PORTION
f
4
PROPAGATION
INTERVAL
X
FREQUENCY
HOPPED
258 OR 444 PULSE
SEQUENCE
6.6  s
6.4  s
JTIDS PULSE
f
f
X
13  sec
6.4 sec
Y
13  sec
96039CG5
PSEUDONOISE MODULATED PULSES
5 BITS
ENCODED IN 32
CHIPS
TRANSMISSION PULSE
• 6.4 μs PULSE
• CONTAINS 5 BITS OF
DATA
• CPSM 5 BITS YIELDING
32 CHIPS PER PULSE
ENLARGED DETAIL
_
+
+
+
+
-
25 CHIPS =
5 BITS
1
2
3
1
0
1206
MHz
Hops on 51
Different
FREQUENCIES
969 MHz
TIME
2
0
200
nsec
6.4
use
3
0
3
2
-
JTIDS Single Carrier Spectrum
REF 0 dBm
10 dB / div
SPAN 50.00 MHz
CENTER 969.27 MHz
RES BW 300 kHz
VBW 300 kHz
SWP 20 ms
Dedicated Access
• Most access assignments
are dedicated.
• With dedicated access, a
single user transmits
data, all other users
receive the data.
Multi-net
• Multi-netting involves mutually
exclusive groups performing different
functions using the same time slots
(but with different hopping patterns).
• Decision to use multi-net made during 0
the initial network design build.
Multi-net is not an operator selectable
feature.
1
STACKED NETWORK
• MULTIPLE DATA & VOICE CIRCUITS
• 128 STACKED NETS
– 118 KBS / NET
– INDEPENDENT PRESETS FOR EACH
FUNCTION
– > 2 MBS SIMULTANEOUS (FREQ ASSIGNMENT
LIMITS)
• SURVEILLANCE
– AUTOMATIC CAPACITY REALLOCATION
– SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE RELAYS
– 500 TRACKS @ 12 SEC UPDATE
– VARIABLE UPDATE RATES
• OTHER SIMULTANEOUS FUNCTIONS
– TWO 16 KBS VOICE
– AIR INTERCEPT CONTROL
– FIGHTER-TO-FIGHTER
NET
MGMT
– RELNAV / PPLI
– C2 STATUS, WEAPONS
C2
PPLI
CONTROL, EW & NET
MANAGEMENT
NET
WEAPONS
CONTROL
EW
C2
STATUS
AIC
UP
AIC
DOWN
FTR
TO
FTR
AIC
UP
AIC
DOWN
FTR
TO
FTR
FTR
TO
FTR
AIC
DOWN
AIC
UP
VOICE
VOICE
VOICE
VOICE
VOICE
NET n
NET 2
VOICE
NET 1
ENTRY
RTT
FTR
PPLI
NON
C2
PPLI
0
64
16 32
0
160
SURVEILLANCE
256
VOICE
VOICE
768
784
848
816
976
1088
1312
NET 0
1536
CONTENTION
• Transmitters use the same time
slots.
• Separate ‘protocol” used to
minimize message “conflicts”
– push-to-talk
– over subscribed pool
– operational control
• Receivers hear only the closest
transmitter.
JTIDS / MIDS
Time Slot Duty Factor
200 nmi
(300% TSDF)
(50% TSDF )
•
100 NM
Time Slot Duty Factor (TSDF)
–
–
–
Defined as the total percentage of JTIDS/MIDS transmission pulses over a 12
second period (out of 396,288 pulses total) within a specific geographic area.
Factor is derived from total number of possible pulses in a time slot (72, 258, or
444) times the number of time slots where JTIDS/MIDS terminals can possibly
transmit in the 12 second period (frame).
Two numbers are typically used. The first number is the TSDF for the entire
exercise within the geographic area, while the second number is the TSDF of the
highest TSDF JTIDS / MIDS platform.
•
–
Geographic area is a radius around each platform
100/50 nomenclature represents:
•
•
–
(100% TSDF)
100% TSDF in the exercise or in a geographic area
50% TSDF for the highest TSDF platform
A third number is also sometimes used to represent the TSDF in a second tier
geographic area. For example, 100/50/(300) represents:
•
•
•
100% TSDF in the exercise or in a geographic area of 100 NM
50% TSDF for the highest TSDF platform
300% between 100 NM and 200 NM
The 960 - 1215 MHz Frequency Band
Spectrum Implications
• Internationally allocated (protected) world wide for the Aeronautical
Radionavigation Service (ARNS) from 960-1215 MHz
• Allocation to the Radionavigation Satellite Service (RNSS) from 1164 -1215
MHz
• Allocation to the Aeronautical Mobile (Route) Service [AMR(S)] from 960-1164
MHz
• Band usually administered by civil aviation agencies worldwide
• JTIDS/MIDS operates in the band as a guest
– Non harmful interference basis to the primary ARNS systems
• ITU Radio Regulation RR-4.4*
• Special national frequency clearance agreements
– To date there are 32 different nations
– JTIDS/MIDS designed to be compatible with existing ARNS systems
• More than twenty year interagency (civil and military) electromagnetic compatibility test
program
• New aviation systems being implemented and others being explored for this band
* ITU Radio Regulation RR-4.4 permits state operation of radio stations on a non-interference basis without protection.
Why an FCA?
• Link 16 non-interference basis world wide
– Not in accordance with table of allocations
– ITU Radio Regulation RR-4.4
• Need special agreement with civil aviation
authorities to operate Link 16
• Frequency Clearance Agreement
– Design characteristics
– Operational restrictions
– Coordination to meet requirements
National Link 16
Frequency Clearance Agreements
United States
1979/2004
Sweden
1997
Canada
1982
Japan
1998
Germany
1984
Hungary
1999
The Netherlands
1985
Switzerland
1999
United Kingdom
1985
Australia
2000
Belgium
1985
Czech Republic
2001
Denmark
1985
Poland
2001
Italy
1985
Israel
2002
Luxembourg
1985
New Zealand
2003
Norway
1985
Taiwan
2005/2007
Portugal
1985
Finland
2007
Turkey
1985
Lithuania
2007
Spain
1986
Iceland
2008
France
1986
Romania
2008
Greece
1986
Saudi Arabia
2008
Republic of Korea
1988
Austria
2010
FREQUENCY SHARING
960 - 1215 MHz Band
Allocated to the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service
GSM/UMTS
Allocated to Aeronautical Mobile (Route) Service [AM(R)S]*
< 959.8 MHz
960
TACAN / DME
CHANNELS
EVERY 1 MHz
Allocated to the RNSS
1164
1215
PSR
1215 –
1400
MHz
RSBN (Non-ICAO)
JTIDS / MIDS
FREQUENCIES
EVERY
3 MHz
Index:
ADS-B Systems
AM(R)S Systems
+/- 4 MHz
1008
14
JTIDS / MIDS
CARRIERS
1053
1065
5
JTIDS / MIDS
CARRIERS
Global Navigation
Satellite Systems 978 MHz
Reply
969
+/- 10 MHz
1113
Mode S ES
ACAS/TCAS, SSR
Systems: ATCRBS,
MODE S, IFF,
MLAT/WAM, ASMGCS
1000.5 MHz
Interrogation
G/A Transponder
1090
UAT
939.6 MHz
1030
1090 MHz
Proposed AM(R)S Solutions:
L-DACS 1:FDD/OFDM
Origin: B-AMC/P34
L-DACS 2:TDD
CPSFK/GMSK
Origin: AMACS/LDL
VDL Mode 3/ UAT
G/A UL
A/G RL
B-AMC
985.5
AMACS
1008.5
1048.5
1071.5
1206
32
JTIDS / MIDS
CARRIERS
GPS L5 / Galileo E5A/B
Various SBAS /
COMPASS
GLONASS L3
GPS L5, Galileo E5A, QZSS, SBAS (WAAS, SDCM,
EGNOS, GAGAN, MSAS, NigComSAT): 1176.45  12 MHz
COMPASS: 1195 – 1219MHz
GLONASS L3: 1198.55 – 1204.88 MHz
GLONASS L5: 1176.45 +/- 12 MHz
Galileo E5B: 1207-10 MHz to 1207+4 MHz
IRNSS: 1176.45 MHz
An Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Control and Non-Payload
Communications (CNPC) data link system operating within the AM(R)S
may also utilize the 960-1164 MHz band. Most likely 960-975 MHz
960 MHz
975 MHz
A/G & G/A TMA 960-965 MHz; A/A 965-972 MHz; A/G & G/A En route 972-975 MHz
New WRC 07 AM(R)S allocation - upper frequency limit (1024 – 1164 MHz) subject to ITU analyses; UAT = Universal Access Transceiver ; R NSS = Radionavigation Satellite Service;
ADS-B = Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast Mode S ES = Mode Select Extended Squitter; PSR = Primary Surveillance Radar; RSBN = Radionavigatsionnaya Sistema Blizhney
Navigatsii; L-DACS = L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communication System; GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications; UMTS = Universal Mobile Telephone System
EGNOS: European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service; GAGAN: GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation; GLONASS: Global Navigation Satellite System;
IRNSS: India Regional Satellite System; MSAS: MTSAT Satellite Based Augmentation System; QZSS: Quasi-Zenith Satellite System; NigComSAT: Nigerian Communications Satellite
Link 16 Carrier Frequencies
Carrier Number
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Center Frequency
(MHz)
969
972
975
978
981
984
987
990
993
996
999
1,002
1,005
1,008
1,053
1,056
1,059
1,062
1,065
1,113
1,116
1,119
1,122
1,125
1,128
1,131
Carrier Number
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Center Frequency
(MHz)
1,134
1,137
1,140
1,143
1,146
1,149
1,152
1,155
1,158
1,161
1,164
1,167
1,170
1,173
1,176
1,179
1,182
1,185
1,188
1,191
1,194
1,197
1,200
1,203
1,206
Composite Spectrum
of the JTIDS Carriers
96040CG8
L-Band Surveillance, Navigational Aides
and ARNS / Aviation Systems
• TACAN/DME Interrogator
• SSR Transponder
ACAS
AM(R)S
A/G FL and RL*
Collision Avoidance
ADS-B
(UAT or 1090 ES)
AM(R)S Air to Air*
Unmanned Aircraft
Systems (UAS)
CNPC*
MLAT / HMU / WAM*
Secondary Surveillance Radar
(SSR) Beacon Interrogator
• Mode S Sensor, ATCRBS or IFF
TACAN/Distance Measuring Equipment
• DME/N associated with VOR and ILS
• DME/P associated with VOR and MLS
• TACAN range and bearing
* Possible Future Capability
GNSS Example:
GPS and Augmentation Systems
GPS Satellites
WAAS GEO
Satellite*
GPS Satellites
GPS L1 & L5
Wide Area Reference
Station (WRS)
Non-Precision Landing
Differential GPS
WRS
WAAS L1 & L5
CAT I Precision Landing
GPS Master Control Station
LAAS L1 & L5
CAT II/III Precision Landing
* Other GEO augmentation satellites include EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN
TACAN/DME Frequency Plan
National Allotment Channels
962-977 MHz (1X – 16X)
used for Military Shipboard and Land
TACAN Ground Beacons Tx
962 (1X)
962 (1X)
X)
1024 (63X)
962 (1X)
1151 (64X)
962 (1X)
X)
1088 (1Y)
962 (1X)
1025 (64Y)
962 (1X)
X)
Reply Frequencies
(Ground
Transmitters)
X)
1087 (126Y)
962 (1X)
X)
Interrogation Frequencies
(Airborne Transmitters)
1150 (63Y)
962 (1X)
X)
X)
1213 (126X)
962 (1X)
X)
TACAN / DME
INFORMATION
•
•
General Information
–
The Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) system provides slant
range and bearing information to pilots
–
The Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) system provides
only slant range
–
Both systems consist of airborne interrogators and ground –
based transponders (beacons)
•
Used for an aircraft to determine position relative to fixed
locations (Beacons)
•
Two modes (x and y) of operation available
Measurement Information
–
Range from beacon derived by subtracting the specified beacon
reply delay time from the round – trip propagation time
–
Bearing from beacon derived by detecting amplitude
modulation on reply pulse train and comparing it to reference
bursts
TACAN/DME Operation
• DME frequencies
– Spaced in 1 MHz increments throughout the 962 to 1213 MHz band.
– Interrogation frequencies (on which aircraft transmit) are contained within the
band 1025 to 1150 MHz
– Reply frequencies from the beacon are on paired channels in either 63 MHz
below or above the corresponding interrogation frequency.
• Operation
– The DME interrogator obtains a distance measurement by transmitting a pulse
pair and waiting for a reply pulse pair from the beacon.
– The two pulses in the pair are separated by either
• 12 us for X mode interrogations and replies or
• 36 us for the Y mode interrogator and 30 us for Y mode replies.
– The beacon replies after a predetermined delay from the time of receipt of the
interrogation. Based on the propagation delay, the aircraft interrogator
equipment calculates the (slant range) distance from the transponder to its
current location.
– A DME ground-based transponder serves all aircraft within a designated radius
of coverage (typically between 100 and 300 nautical miles)
TACAN/DME
Compatibility Implications
TACAN/DME Operates on fixed frequencies in the same
frequency band as Link-16
Airborne TACAN / DME
Interrogators
TACAN/DME communicates
using pulse-pairs with a
fixed spacing
Time
Ground-Based
TACAN / DME Beacons
If the system detects two pulses
with the proper spacing (within the
receiver decoder window) and
within the expected signal level
range, it declares a valid decode
SSR Description
• Provides Air Traffic Control facilities with aircraft
location and identification information
• Consists of ground beacon interrogators and
airborne transponders
• Several SSR interrogation modes are available
• Examples include:
– Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS)
– Mode Select (Mode S)
– Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)
• Link 16 does not transmit carriers in the 1030 MHz
or 1090 MHz SSR bands
SSR Interrogator Description
• Transmits interrogations at a fixed rate at 1030 MHz
• Has rotating directional antenna with narrow
horizontal beamwidth and fan shaped vertical
beamwidth
• Receives aircraft transponder replies on 1090 MHz
• Determines azimuth, range and identification of
aircraft
• Determines altitude on altimeter equipped aircraft
• Uses pulse position modulation
SSR Transponder Description
• Receives interrogations at 1030 MHz
• Has omnidirectional antenna
• Provides identification (Mode 3/A) and altitude level
(Mode C) depending on interrogation mode
• Transmits replies on 1090 MHz
• Uses pulse position modulation
Link 16 Compatibility
in the
Frequency Band
Link 16 Compatibility in the Frequency
Band
•
•
•
•
Link 16 Frequency Band Selection
Waveform Design Considerations
Test Program Summaries
Link 16 Operational Controls for EMC
– Common Frequency Clearance Criteria
• Compatibility with New Aviation Systems
Planned To Opereate in the Frequency Band
• Link 16 Terminal EMC Features
Frequency Band Selection
•
Design requirements
–
Omnidirectional broadcast
–
–
•
Frequency has to be less than 2500 MHz
High jamming resistance requires at least 200 MHz bandwidth
–
frequency has to be ≥ 400 MHz
Candidate bands with these systems were rejected due to EMC
considerations
–
Pulsed radars
–
Television
–
Satellite downlink
–
Microwave relay
–
Radio astronomy
Frequency Band Selection
( Continued )
CANDIDATE FREQUENCY BANDS
AVAILABLE
BAND
BANDWIDTH
SERVICE
MHz
MHz
960 – 1215
197
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
1435 – 1535
75
FIXED, MOBILE
1535 – 1660
63
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
1710 – 1850
124
MOBILE
2300 – 2450
135
RADIOLOCATION
Frequency Band Selection
( Continued )
• Candidate bands were examined with respect to
– EMC
– International usage
– Available bandwidth
• It was concluded that the 960 – 1215 MHz band
was the best choice
Waveform Design
• From beginning of design, EMC with ATC systems was
considered
– Over 100 waveforms investigated for compatibility
– Eventually chose one to US FAA and DOD satisfaction
• Compatibility with TACAN/DME and SSR / ATCRBS / IFF /
TCAS
• Was a multiagency effort in the US
–
–
–
–
NTIA
FAA
DOD
RTCA
–
–
–
–
ARINC
FCC
MITRE
ECAC/JSC
Compatibility with
TACAN/DME and SSR Receivers
• TACAN / DME solution
– Minimize the number of decodes
• A 6.4 microsecond pulse width chosen to prevent single pulse decodes
• Adjacent JTIDS / MIDS pulses transmitted uniformly over the band
– Psuedo randomly
– Frequencies of adjacent pulses at least 30 MHz apart
– Minimize the number of pulses received
• Waveform has maximum aggregate RF duty cycle of 21 % (TSDF = 100%)
– ( 258 Pulses / Time Slot X 128 Time Slots / Sec X 6.4 microseconds)
• Because of fast spectrum roll off, only 7 out of 51 frequencies will typically be
detected at foreground levels which reduces effective RF duty cycle To 2.9%
( 7 / 51 X 21 )
• SSR solution
– JTIDS pulses eliminated by two large spectrum notches
• 45 MHz around 1030 MHz
• 48 MHz around 1090 MHz
– Pulse spectrum controlled down to -60 dBc at 15 MHz away
Compatibility Design Objectives
TACAN / DME Beacons
• Minimize the number of decodes and pulses
detected
Detected
Capability
– Decodes can reduce traffic handling capability
to less than 100 aircraft
• 27 Decodes = 1 % reduction
– Single pulses interrupt receiver processing and
reduce reply efficiency
Link 16 Ground Site
• Requirement = 70 %
TACAN/DME Beacon
Want Pr <= -33 dBm
Compatibility Design Objectives
TACAN / DME Interrogators
• Minimize the number of decodes and pulses detected
– Decodes can capture automatic gain control
– Equipment can tolerate at least 200 decodes / sec at power levels 8
dB above the desired level
– Single pulses can interrupt receiver processing and potentially
reduce reply efficiency
• Requirement is to tolerate 6000 pulses / sec at power levels 30 dB
above desired level
1000 ft
Compatibility Design Objectives
Secondary Surveillance RADAR Receiver
• SSR Ground Interrogators
– IFF, ATCRBS or Mode S Sensors
• Minimize the number of pulses
detected
– Single pulses can interrupt receiver processing
and potentially cause reduction in reply
efficiency
• Reduction must be minimized
• SSR ATC is the most important safety of flight
requirement
Link 16 Ground Site
SSR ATCRBS Ground Interrogator
Want Pr < = -20 dBm
JTIDS Single Carrier Spectrum
REF 0 dBm
10 dB / div
SPAN 50.00 MHz
CENTER 969.27 MHz
RES BW 300 kHz
VBW 300 kHz
SWP 20 ms
Composite Spectrum
of the JTIDS Carriers
96040CG8
Frequency Hopping
ENLARGED DETAIL
25 CHIPS = 5 BITS
•6.4 microsecond pulse
•Contains 5 bits of data
•CCSK encoding of 5 bits,
yielding 32 chips per pulse
•CPSM modulation using
+
_
+
+
+
1
0
1
2
200 ns
3
the 32 chips
1206
MH
z
Hops on 51
Different
FREQUENCIES
969
MHz
Time (t)
2
0
6.4
nse
usec
c
-
3
0
3
2
-
Test Program Summary
Dates
Nation
Tests
Outcome
1969-1974
US
Over a hundred initial waveform
designs analyzed for EMC with
TACAN/DME interrogators and
beacons and SSR interrogators and
transponders
100 candidate waveforms reduced to 10
1974
US
Hughes Signal Generator tests on
TACAN/DME beacons and
interrogators with FAA
participation
10 candidate waveforms reduced to 2
1974-1975
US
FAA sponsored tests of
TACAN/DME and ATCRBS
systems
Single waveform chosen. Same waveform
used in all JTIDS/MIDS terminals in use
today.
1976-1978
US
TACAN/DME and SSR system
bench and flight tests
JTIDS/MIDS could coexist with existing
ATC.
1979 First US operational frequency
clearance at 40/20 TSDF. US 224 Footnote
created
1979-1984
UK
CAA and MOD ATC tests
Support for deployment of JTIDS on various
UK platforms
1980-1982
Germany
ATC tests performed by MOD,
MOPT and MOT to support NATO
requirements
Support for deployment of NATO JTIDS
1984-1987
US
Phase I TACAN/DME, DME/P
Mode S and ATCRBS testing with
100/50 environments
NTIA initial support for 100/50 and
development of risk assessment as guidance
for completing T&E program
Test Program Summary
(Continued)
Dates
Nation
Tests
Outcome
1987-1997
US
Completion of Phase I/ Start of
Phase II tests of TACAN/DME/N
and DME/P, Mode S and ATCRBS
systems
NTIA grants 100/50 interim frequency
clearance in 1991 based on completion of
Phase I and Phase II testing progress. Phase
II tests continued until 1997 toward
achieving a certification that completely
meets the DOD requirements.
Based on Phase II outcome, JTIDS/MIDS
MNWG has been pursuing the Common
Frequency Clearance Criteria
2004: US NTIA grants JTIDS/MIDS 100/50
Spectrum Certification equivalent to the CFC
with 33% Contention
1988
ROK
ROK MOC JTIDS Bench and
Flight Tests to support use of JTIDS
for 1988 Olympics
ROK Frequency Clearance granted
1994-1997
France
TACAN/DME interrogator and
beacon bench tests performed
First nation to grant the CFC conditions and
1000 W usage
1995
US/NATO
Bench tests performed in the US to
support NATO AEW in requesting
reduced geographic area in Europe
Geographic area reduced from 200 nm to
100 nm and packed messages allowed in
Germany
Test Program Summary
(Continued)
Dates
Nation
Tests
Outcome
1998-2004
Japan
TACAN/DME interrogator and
beacon bench tests performed
Frequency clearance for all of Japan
granted in 1999
2003
Iceland
DME Interrogator flight tests
performed at 500 ft altitude;
DME Beacon tests, SSR
interrogator flight test, and GPS
L1 operational tests performed
Results showed compatibility
2004
Italy
TACAN/DME interrogator and
beacon bench tests performed
Italy obtained CFC in 2007
2007
Germany
DME Geographic Area Related
Tests for Any Point in Space
50 NM APIS Geographic Area Accepted
2008
UK
FERNO and THALES DME
Beacon Tests with SDES
Based on an understanding of the SDES
and the beacon load, a revised approach
for the geographic area has been
considered for the UK FCA.
100/50 TSDF
US EMC Test Program
• As part of the spectrum support efforts for JTIDS, an EMC
Test Program was performed where JTIDS was tested
against ATC systems operating in the frequency band to
ensure EMC
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
TACAN/DME/N Interrogators
TACAN/DME/N Beacons
DME/P Interrogators
DME/P Beacon
ATCRBS Interrogators
Mode S Sensor
ATCRBS and Mode S transponders
TCAS (analysis was performed based on Mode S transponder
test data)
• Resulted in CFCC being granted in 2004
MNWG
Common Frequency Clearance
Criteria
Link 16 Operational Controls
Common Frequency Clearance Criteria
Purpose
•
Provide guidance, and reference to robust technical evidence, to support the
generation or improvement of a national Frequency Clearance Agreement
(FCA).
•
To provide realistic goals in the form of permitted operational conditions
for each country involved in the JTIDS/MIDS FCA process
•
Allows countries to achieve the same FCA conditions
•
–
Simplifies the centralized coordination process
–
Minimizes the risk of a country performing studies or EMC testing that only achieves a
subset of the desired goals
Goals were developed from official country clearances
–
Clearances were based on immediate operational requirements
•
–
–
•
Not necessarily long term requirements
Goals were based on EMC testing and analysis
Not all nations will have same long term operational requirements
Frequency Clearance Experts Group has recommended changes to the
CFCC in an update to the MNWG CFCC document
Link 16 Operational Controls
Common Frequency Clearance Criteria
The Document
•
The MNWG Common Frequency Clearance Criteria (CFCC)
Document is a composite document
–
Contained in the MNWG Notebook found on the MNWG website
–
December 1996 was first version, 2007 version is the latest
–
New 2012 draft being compiled by the Frequency Clearance Expert
Group working under the direction of the Multi National Working Group
(MNWG) Steering Committee.
–
Designed to support the development of a national Frequency Clearance
criteria
–
Draws upon the combined experience of those nations that have carried
out interference testing between MIDS/JTIDS and both Civil and Military
Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) systems.
–
Based on testing and technical evidence that has been used in the
generation of a wide variety of national Frequency Clearance Agreements
for allowing the use of Link 16 within national borders.
Link 16 Operational Controls
Common Frequency Clearance Criteria
•
The following slides describe each of the CFCC criteria conditions
•
The CFCC criteria summary is followed by a test data support
summary
–
Every criteria is based on EMC test data
–
The test data reports are available on the MNWG web site
WWW.MNWG.ORG
Time Slot Duty Factor (TSDF)
•
•
Conditions apply to transmissions by all JTIDS/MIDS terminals
–
Fixed sites
–
Marine mobile
–
Air mobile
–
Ground mobile
A single JTIDS/MIDS user shall not transmit more than 50 %
TSDF
–
•
Total TSDF in geographic area is limited to 100%
–
•
198,144 pulses in a 12 second period
396,288 pulses in a 12 second period
Note the 100% and 50% limits are not based on test results because
higher TSDF was collected which did not indicate an operational
problem with the ATC receivers
Transmitter Power level
•
The nominal signal level of the JTIDS and MIDS terminals is limited to
200 W +1 dB
•
Some countries have imposed Effective isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
levels limits of 61 .5 dBm for ground platforms and 57.5 dBm (200 W+1
+ 5.5 dB antenna gain and 2 dB line loss) for airborne platforms
•
The transmitter power level limits are based on the characteristics of
terminal and platforms that have been approved to operate many
countries
•
France has permitted the use of 1000 watts by adding additional
distance restrictions (equivalent to the 7 dB increase in power level)
between the Link 16 terminal and the ATC receivers
Geographic Area Of MIDS/JTIDS Operations
•
The Geographic Area of JTIDS/MIDS Operations can be defined in two
different ways
–
Any Point in Space (APIS)
–
Platform Centric (PC).
–
individual administrations can identify either method in their respective frequency
clearance.
•
PC Geographic Area is defined as a cylinder of X Nautical Miles (NM) radius
around each JTIDS/MIDS platform covering the total airspace between the
highest airborne JTIDS/MIDS platform and the ground
•
APIS Geographic Area is defined as a perpendicular cylinder with a radius of X
nm drawn around any point in space.
•
Example Geographical Areas in use include:
–
United Kingdom – APIS 60% TSDF / 70nm (APIS 60/70)
–
Germany – APIS 100% / 70nm (APIS 100/70)
–
United States – PC 400% / 200nm and 100% / 100 nm (PC 400/200 & 100/100)
Message Packing
•
Both Standard and Packed message structures
(258 and / or 444 pulse time slots) are allowed on
the condition the maximum pulse count limit
(expressed as a Geographical Area TSDF) is
maintained
Multinet
•
Multinet operations are allowed
–
Multinet results in overlapping time slots at the ATC
receiver
–
The overlapping timeslots are on different nets
Contention
•
•
Contention operations are allowed
–
Contention results in overlapping time slots at the ATC receiver
–
The overlapping timeslots are on the same nets
Examples of network participation group (NPG) messages
that can result in contention
– Initial Net Entry (INE),
– Round Trip Timing – Broadcast (RTT-B)
– Precise Participant Location and Identification – Broadcast
(PPLI-B),
– Fighter to fighter (Contention Access)
– Time Slot Reallocation (TSR) in the non-centralized mode
– TSR Initial Entry
– Repromulgation Relay
– Conditional Paired Slot Relay (CPSR)
Geographic Separation From
Ground Based TACAN/DME Beacons
•
The minimum separation between any fixed site, marine
mobile or ground mobile JTIDS/MIDS terminal and any
ground based Tactical Air Navigation / Distance Measuring
Equipment ( TACAN / DME ) Operating in the 960 to 1215
MHz band Shall be based on a received signal level of –
33 dBm ( Decibels relative to a milliwatt )
•
Note the -33 dBm limits are not based on test results.
–
–
There is higher signal level data collected which did not cause
operational problems with the TACAN/DME receivers
Link 16 Ground Site
Separation distances corresponding to a -33 dBm received signal
level were determined to be sufficient for operations
TACAN/DME Beacon
Want Pr <= -33 dBm
Geographic Separation From
Ground Based SSR Ground Equipment
•
The minimum separation between any fixed site,
marine mobile or ground mobile JTIDS/MIDS
Terminal and any Air Traffic Control Radar
Beacon System / Secondary Surveillance Radar
(ATCRBS / SSR) ground equipment operating in
the 960 to 1215 MHz band shall be based on a
received signal level of – 20 dBm
Link 16 Ground Site
SSR ATCRBS Ground Interrogator
Want Pr < = -20 dBm
Geographic Separation between airborne Link
16 and Ground Based ATC Equipment
•
The minimum vertical separation between airborne
JTIDS/MIDS users and ground based ATC systems
operating in the 960 to 1215 MHz band shall be 1000
feet or 305 meters*
305 Meters 1000 ft
TACAN/DME Beacon
* This distance is consistent with normal safety practices so that no special handling for Link 16 is necessary.
Geographic Separation between airborne
Link 16 and civil aircraft
• The minimum separation between any
airborne JTIDS/MIDS terminal and a civil
aircraft shall be 1000 feet or 305 meters*
1000 ft
* This distance is consistent with normal safety practices so that no special handling for Link 16 is necessary.
Geographic Separation between airborne ATC and
Link 16 surface based platforms
• The separation between airborne ATC
equipment operating in the 960 to 1215
MHz band and JTIDS / MIDS surface based
platforms shall be at least 1000 feet or 305
meters*
1000 ft
Link 16 Ground Site
* This distance is consistent with normal safety practices so that no special handling for Link 16 is necessary.
Interference Protection Features (IPF) Controls
• Interference Protection Features (IPF), also
known as EMC Protection Features (EPF)
shall be implemented in all Link 16 Terminals
or Systems and be fully operational
• Monitors Link 16 transmission
characteristics
• Ensures compliance with Spectrum
Certification and performance specification
requirements
Operating Modes
• Operations shall be in Mode 1 only
– Mode 1 is the frequency hopping mode
– Each transmitted pulse contains one of the 51
frequencies
– The transmitted frequency sequence is pseudo
random
• The only other operating Mode is Mode 2
– All transmitted pulses are on 969 MHz
– Mode 2 is available for testing purposes
US
Terminal Remapping Capability
PJCC JTIDS/MIDS Tutorial
May 2012
US Remapping Capability
• Peace time capability – not a requirement
• By 2020 all terminals to have this capability
• Any terminal produced after 2007 will have this capability and are to
be fielded no later than 2009
• Terminals produced prior to 2007 will have capability retrofitted
when they are brought in for terminal maintenance and/or other
scheduled updates.
• Minimum number of frequencies as determined by NTIA
• JTIDS will not require remapping capability
• If it is ever utilized,
–
–
–
–
Most likely US&P only
Full 51 frequency operation can be enabled
Visiting forces can coordinate the use of 51 frequencies
Additional Link 16 duty factor on remaining authorized carrier
frequencies
Frequency Remapping Example
1215
960
TACAN / DME
CHANNELS
EVERY
1 MHz
1030
ATCRBS
MODE S
IFF
TCAS
1090
(illustration below shows the
case where the lowest 14
frequencies are designated
as unauthorized)
Remapping:
When an unauthorized carrier frequency gets selected for a MIDS pulse transmission:
The unauthorized carrier will be remapped to an authorized frequency for the pulse
Unauthorized Frequenciestransmission in accordance with a remapping algorithm* calculation performed in each
Terminal. Maintains uniformity on the remaining frequencies.
969 MHz
1008 MHz
JTIDS / MIDS
FREQUENCIES
EVERY
3 MHz
96040CG7
14
JTIDS / MIDS
CARRIERS
5
JTIDS / MIDS
CARRIERS
* Algorithm defined in the DOD Regulation 4650.1-R1
32
JTIDS / MIDS
CARRIERS
71
Link 16
EMC Features Monitors
JTIDS/MIDS Tutorial
May 2011
EMC Features
• Required to operate on a “Not to Interfere
Basis”
• Monitors Link 16 transmission characteristics
• Ensures compliance with Spectrum
Certification and performance specification
requirements
• Originally added to the JTIDS Class 1
Terminal in 1981 after it became operational
– Ensure that important aspects of the transmitted
waveform potentially affecting TACAN/DME and
MODE S/ SSR equipment compatibility were
maintained
EMC Features
• Full EMC Protection Mode
• Exercise EMC Protection Mode
• Combat Mode
• Capability to Transmit
(CTT) monitor(s)
• Uniform use of carrier
frequencies function
• 1030/1090 Low Level
Detector (LLD)
• Pulse width monitor
• Overpower monitor
• TSDF limitations
• Software controls
–
–
–
–
–
Message structure control
Net usage control
Access mode controls
Relay mode controls
High Power control
Link 16 Terminal EMC Features Transmit Inhibit Criteria
Applicable only in Full EMC Protect
Applicable in Full EMC Protect and Exercise
No
No Action Required
No
Capability to Transmit
Energy Detected
Pulses Commanded
for Transmission
Yes
Yes
Uniform Frequency Monitor
Measure Pulse Frequency
Out of
Band BIN
51 or Less
Authorized
Carrier BINs
1030/1090
MHz
BIN
2 or More
in a
Time Slot
Carrier BIN
Outside
the Limits of
+/- 90%
Expected
Mean
in Four
Consecutive
Blocks of
at Least
1020 Pulses
4 or More
Carrier BINS
Outside
the Limits of
+/- 90%
Expected
Mean
in at Least
1020 Pulses
Measure Each Pulse
95% Amplitude Width
Outside 6.4 us +/- 5%
= Pulse Width Fault
Peak or Average
Overpower
Fault Report at
End of Time Slot
= 1 EPF Report
High Power
1030/1090
Fault Report
= 1 EPF
Report
33 or More PW Faults in a
64 Pulse Sliding Window
CTT
Fault
Count
1 EPF
Report
1030 / 1090 MHz
+/- 7 MHz
Low Level Detector
Zero Pulse
Detected*
Counts Total Pulses
Energy > -7 dBm
as measured in 3 MHz
within
1023 and 1037 MHz
or
1083 and 1097 MHz?
Total Pulses
Exceed 50% TSDF
in a
12 Second
Interval
1030/1090
Fault Report
Inhibit
Transmissions
Before Next
Time Slot
2 or more in a
Time Slot
= 1 EPF
Report
One Report Recorded
In Any One
Time Slot
Time Slot
Duty Factor
5 or More
1030/1090
Fault Reports
per Time Slot
= 1 EPF Report
Increment
TSDF,
Out of Band
BIN,
and Pulse
Width Fault
Counter
Automatic Reset
After
12 Seconds
(Not Able to Manually Reset)
Short Term Frequency
Histogram Fault
= 1 EPF Report
OOB Fault
Report
1 EPF
Report
Pulse Width Monitor
5 Pulses in a Time Slot (TS)
> 200W + 2 dB
or TS average > 200W + 1.5 dB
2 or More
in a
Time Slot
Cannot
Measure
Frequency
Overpower Monitor
Long Term Frequency
Histogram Fault
= 1 EPF Report
Two Reports
In 112.5 Epochs
Inhibit Transmissions
Before Next Time Slot
At least One EPF Report Caused by a
CTT Fault Report: isolate Link 16 transmissions
Manual Reset
Record Occurrence
* Note: Zero pulse detected is a result of either a pulse whose frequency could not be measured (OOB) or a pulse whose width could not be measured (zero pulse width). See those monitors. It is not a separate monitor.
QUESTIONS?
Acronyms
ABCCC
ABL
ACAS
ACC
ACCS
ACE
ACP
ADA
ADatP-33
ADCP
ADF
ADS-B
AEW
AFFMA
AFMO
AGC
AIC
AIC
AJ
ALTBOC
AMACS AMF JTRS
AMF-SA
AM(R)S
AOC
ARB
ARFA
ARIES
ARINC
ARNS
ARSR
ARTS
ASCIET
ASIT
ASMGCS
ASO
ASOC
ASOP
ATC
ATCBI
ATCRBS
ATM
ATN
AWACS
BADGE
Airborne Battlefiel Command and Control Center
Airborne Laser
Airborne Collision Avoidance System
Air Combat Command
Air Command and Control System
Allied Command Europe
Aeronautical Communications Panel of ICAO
Air Defense Artillery
Allied Data Publications for Link 16
Air Defense Communications Platform
Australian Defense Force
Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast
Airborne Early Warning
Air Force Frequency Management Agency
Area Frequency Management Office
Automatic Gain Control
Air Control
Aeronautical Information Circular
Antijam
Signal structure for GNSS - Galileo and GPS
All-purpose Multi-channel Aviation Communication System
Airborne Maritime Fixed - Joint Tactical Radio System
Airborne Maritime Fixed - Small Airborne form factor
Aeronautical Mobile (Route) Service
Air Operations Center
Auxiliary Reference Burst
Allied Radio Frequency Agency
Aircraft Reply and Interference Environment Simulator
Aeronautical Radio Incorporated
Aeronautical Radionavigation Service
Air Route Surveillance Radar (Primary Radar)
Automated Radar Tracking System
All Service Combat Identification Evaluation Team
Adaptable Surface Interface Terminal
Airport Surface Ground Movement Control System
Air Staff Office
Air Support Operations Center
Acquisition Stable Operating Point
Air Traffic Control
Air Traffic Control Beacon Interrogator
Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System
Air Traffic Management
Aeronautical Telecommunications Network
Airborne Warning and Control System
Base Air Defense Ground Environment
B-AMC
BIT
BMDO
BRE
BW
C2
C2I
C2P
C3
C3I
C4
C/A
CAA
CAOC
Cat I
Cat II
Cat III
CCEB
CCSK
CE
CEPT
CFC
CG
CGN
CJCSI
CNPC
COMSEC
CPFSK
CPG
CPM
CPSM
CPSR
CP SWG
CPU
CRC
CRE
CRYPTO MOD
CS ( C )
CTT
CU. FT
CV
CVN
CW
D
DABS
Broadband - Aeronautical Multi-Carrier Communication
Built in Test
Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
Beacon Reply Efficiency
Bandwidth
Command and Control
Command, Control and Intelligence
Command and Control Processor
Communications, Command and Control
Communications, Command and Control and Intelligence
Computer, Communications, Command and Control
Coarse Acquisition
Civil Aviation Administration or Civil Aviation Agency
Combined Air Operations Center
Category 1 Precision Landing
Category 2 Precision Landing
Category 3 Precision Landing
Combined Communications Electronics Board
Cyclic Code Shift Keying
Communications Electronics
Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications
Common Frequency Clearance
Guided Missile Cruiser
Guided Missile Cruiser, Nuclear
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction
Control and Non-Payload Communications (for UAS)
Communications Security
Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying
Conference Prepatory Group
Conference Prepatory Meeting
Continuous-phase Shift Modulation
Conditional Paired Slot Relay
Coordination Procedures Subworking Group
Computer Processing Unit
Control and Reporting Center
Control Reporting Element
Cryptographic Modification
Civilian GPS Signals
Capability to Transmit
Cubic feet
Aircraft Carrier
Aircraft Carrier, Nuclear
Continuous Wave
Data
Discrete Access Beacon System
dB
dBc
dBi
dBm
dBm/MHz
dBW
DC
DDG
DFR
DFS
Div
DK
DLWG
DME
DME/N
DME/P
DNA
DOC
DOD
DOS
DOT
DPG
Dx
E-2C
E-3
E-8
E3
E5
EC
ECAC
ECCM
ECM
ECP
EF-2000
EF SWG
EGNOS
EIRP
EJCC
EMC
EMD
EME
EMI
EPE
EPF
EPLRS
ERO
Decibel
ESC
Decibel relative to the peak carrier power level
ESM
Decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
ET
Decibel relative to a milliwatt
ETCAS
Decibel relative to a milliwatt in a 1 MHz receiver bandwidth EU
Decibel relative to a Watt
EUCOM
Direct Current
EUROCAE
Guided Missile Destroyer
EW
Data for Record
F-3
German Air Navigation Services
FA
Division
FAA
Denmark
FAAD
Data Link Working Group
FACSFAC
Distance Measuring Equipment
FARs
Conventional Distance Measuring Equiment
FAS
Precision Distance Measuring Equipment
FCA
Direction de la Navigation Aérienne
FCA EG
US Department of Commerce
FCC
US Department of Defense
FCS
US Department of State
FDD
US Department of Transportation
FDL
Class 2 Terminal Data Processing Group
FDR
Distance
FEC
Airborne Early Warning Aircraft
FIR
AWACS
FIS-B
JSTARS
FL
Electromagnetic Environmental Effects
FL
Galileo GNSS signal
FM
European Commission
FMS
Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center
FMSC
Electronic Counter-Counter Measures
FOC
Electronic Counter Measures
FORSCOM
Engineering Change Proposal
FP
Eurofighter 2000
FR
EMC Features Subworking Group
FRP
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System
FRUIT
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
FSD
European JTIDS/MIDS Cross-Border Coordination
FSK
Electromagnetic Compatibility
FSL
Engineering Manufacturing and Development
ft
Electromagnetic Environment
FTR
Electromagnetic Interference
G/A
Extraneous Pulse Environment
GAAC
Electromagnetic Compatibility Protection Features
GAGAN
Enhanced Position Location Reporting System
GE
European Radiocommunications Office
GEO
Electronic Systems Center
Electronic Support Measures
Enhanced Throughput
Enhanced Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
European Union
European Command
European Commission for Civil Aviation Equipment
Electronic Warfare
Tornado Fighter Aircraft
Final Approach
Federal Aviation Administration
Forward Area Air Defense
Fleet Area Control Surveillance Facility
Federal Aviation Requirements
Frequency Assignment Subcommittee
Frequency Clearance Agreement
Frequency Clearance Agreement Experts Group
Federal Communications Commission
Future Communication System
Frequency Division Duplex
Fighter Data Link
Frequency Dependent Rejection
Forward Error Correction
Flight Information Region
Flight Information Service - Broadcast
Forward Link
Flight Level
Frequency Modulation
Foreign Military Sales
Frequency Management Subcommittee
Final Operational Capability
US Forces Command
Frequency Panel
France
Full Rate Production
Asynchronous Replies From Non-interrogated aircraft
Full Scale Development
Frequency Shift Keying
Free Space Loss
Feet
Fighter
Ground/Air
Geographic Area Assignment Coordinator
Global Positioning System and GEO Augmentation Navigation
Germany
Geostationary satellite
GEOAREA
GHz
GIOVE
GLONASS
GMSK
GNSS
GPS
GSM
Gt
Gr
GTACS
HAVEQUICK
HDR
HF
HMU
HOD
HPA
Hz
IA
IADS
IBIT
ICAO
ICNIA
ID
IF
IFF
IFR
IGEB
IJMS
ILS
INE
IOC
IPF
IPO
IPPLI
IPT
IR
IRAC
ITU
ITU-R
JASDF
JAF
JDLMO
JDS
JFAR
JFMO
Geographic Area
JICO
Giga-Herz
JICRB
Galileo In-orbit Validation Element
JM
GLObal NAvigation Satellite System
JNDA
Gaussian minimum shift keying
JNDL
Global Navigation Satellite System
JNL
Global Positioning System
JNMS
Global System for Mobile Communications
JSC
Gain of a Transmitting Antenna
JSF
Gain of a Receiving Antenna
JSS
Ground Theatre Air Control System
JSOW
Antijam Ultra High Frequency Radio
JSPM
Header
JSTARS
High Frequency
JTD
Height Monitoring Unit (type of MLAT)
JTRS
Head of Delegation
JTIDS
High Power Amplifier
JSUG
Herz (Cycle per second)
JTAGS
Initial Approach
Kbps
Icelandic Air Defense System
KGV-8
Manually Initiated BIT
kHz
International Civil Aviation Organization
km
Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Identification
Avionics
KW
Identification
L1F/L1C
Intermediate Frequency
L2
Identification Friend or Foe
L5
Instrument Flight Rulses
LAAS
Interagency GPS Executive Board
LBS
Interim JTIDS Message Standard
LDACS
Instrument Landing System
LDL
Initial Net Entry
LLD
Initial Operational Capability
LM
Interference Protection Features (EMC Protection Features)LOS
Interntional Program Office
LRIP
Indirect Precise Participant Location and Identification
LRU
Integrated Product Team
LTH
Investigation Report
LVT
Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee
m
International Telecommunications Union
MALD
ITU Radiocommunications Sector
Man
Japan Air Self Defense Force
Mbps
JTIDS Assurance Facility
MHz
UK Joint Data Link Management Office
MOPS
JTIDS Deconfliction Server
µsec
JTIDS/MIDS Forecast Activity Report
MCE
Joint Frequency Management Office
MIDS
Joint Interface Control Officer
Joint International Configuration Review Board
JTIDS Module
JTIDS Network Design Aid
JTIDS Network Design Library
JTIDS Network Library
JTIDS Network Management System
Joint Spectrum Center
Joint Strike Fighter
JICO Support System
Joint Stand Off Weapon
JTIDS Signal Presence Monitor
Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System
JTIDS Test Device
Joint Tactical Radio System
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
JTIDS Spectrum Users Guide
Joint Target Acquisition Ground System
kilo-bits per second
Cryptographic Key Generator
Kiloherz
Kilometers
kilo-watt
Civilian GPS Signals
GPS downlink signal
GPS downlink signal
Local Air Augmentation System
Pounds
L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communication System
L-Band Digital Link
Low Level Detector
Military GPS Code Signal
Line of Sight
Low Rate Initial Production
Line Replaceable Unit
Long Term Histogram
Low Volume Terminal
meters
Miniture Air Launched Decoy
Management
mega-bits per second
mega hertz
Minimum Operational Performance Standards
microsecond
Modular Control Equipment
Multifunctional Information Distribution System
MIDS JTRS
MIL-STD
MLAT
MLS
MNWG
MOA
Mode S ES
MOPS
ms
MSAS
MSEC
MSK
MTI
MTL
NASA
NATO
NACMA
NARFA
NAS
NATS
NAVAIDS
NC3A
NCTSI
NDB
NDF
NEXGEN
NFA
NIB
NigComSAT
NICP
NILE
NL
NM or nm
NMSC
NPG
ns or nsec
NTIA
NTR
OASD NII
OBIT
OFDM
OOB
OPFAC
OPTASKLINK
P2DP
P2SP
Multifunctional Information Distribution System Joint
Tactical Radio System
Military Standard
Multi-Lateration System
Microwave Landing System
Multinational Working Group
Memorandum of Agreement
Mode Select Extended Squitter
Minimum Operational Performance Standard
millisecond
Multifunctional Transport Satellite-based Augmentation
System
Message Security
Minimum Shift Keying
Moving Target Indicator
Minimum Triggering Level
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO Acquisition Management Agency
National Allied Radio Frequency Authority
National Airspace System
National Air Traffic Services
Navigation Aids
NATO Consultation Command and Control Agency
Navy Center for Tactical System Interoperability
Non-Directional Beacon
Network Design Facility
Next Generation
Notch Filter Assembly
Non-Harmful Interference Basis
Nigeria Communication Satellite
Network Interface Control Program
NATO Improved Link 11
Netherlands
Nautical Mile
Navy Marine Corps Spectrum Center
Network Participation Group
nanosecond
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
Network Time Reference
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks
and Information Integration
Operational Built in Test
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Out of Band
Operational Facility
Operations Task Link
Packed Two Double Pulse
Packed Two Single Pulse
P4SP
PACAF
PACOM
PFD
PFP
PJCC
PPLI
ppps
Packed Four Single Pulse
US Pacific Air Force
US Pacific Command
Power Flux Density
Partnership for Peace
Pacific JTIDS/MIDS Coordination Committee of the MNWG
Precise Participation Location and Identification
Pulse Pairs Per Second
Pr
PRF
PRS(P)
PSR
PTTA
P(Y)
QNT
QZSS
REF
REPROM
RES
RF
RL
RLOS
RNAV
RNSS
ROK
RR
R/SAOC
RSBN
RT
RTCA
RTT
RTT-A
RTT-B
RWR
S
SARPs
SASWG
Power Received
Pulse Repitition Frequency
Galileo Public Regulated System
Primary Surveillance Radar
Principle Time To Acquire
Precise Positioning Serice with Crypto Capability
Quint Networking Technology
Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
Reference
Repromulgation Relay
Resolution
Radio Frequency
Reverse Link
Radio Line of Site
Area Navigation
Radionavigation Satellite Service
Republic of Korea
Radio Regulation
Region/Sector Air Operations Centers
Radionavigatsionnaya Sistema Blizhney Navigatsii
Receiver Transmitter
Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
Round Trip Timing
Round Trip Timing - Address Mode
Round Trip Timing - Broadcast
Radar Warning Receiver
Synchronization
Standards and Recommended Practices
Spectrum Access Subworking Group of the MNWG
SBAS
SC
SCWDL
SDB
SDCM
SGV
Sec
SES
Satellite Based Augmentation System
Special Committee
Strike Common Weapon Data Link
Small Diameter Bomb
GLONASS System of Differential Correction and Monitoring
Second Generation VORTAC
Second
Single European Sky
SICP
SHAPE
SHORAD
SLS
SOP
SPAWAR
SPS
SPS WG-1
SRU
SSR
STANAG
STD
STH
SUA
SV
SWP
SYNC
TACP
TACAN
TADIL
T&E
TAOC
TAOM
TCAS
TDD
TDMA
TDS
THAAD
TIA
TIS-B
TOA
TP SWG
TR
TSDF
TSEC
TSO
TSR
TTA
UAS
UAT
UHF
UK
UL
UMTS
US or (U.S.)
Subscriber Interface Control Program
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
Short Range Air Defense
Side Lobe Suppression
Standard Operational Procedures
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
Spectrum Planning Subcommittee
Spectrum Planning Subcommittee Working Group 1
Shop Replaceable Unit
Secondary Surveillance Radar
NATO Standardization Agreement
Standard Message Format
Short Term Histogram
Special Use Airspace
Satellite Vehicle
Sweep rate
Sychronization
Tactical Air Control Party
Tactical Air Navigation
Tactical Digital Information Link
Test and Evaluation
Tactical Air Operations Centers
Tactical Air Operations Module
Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
Time Division Duplex
Time Division Multiple Access
Tactical Data System
Theator High Altitude Area Defense
Telecommunications Industry Association
Traffic Information Service - Broadcast
Time of Arrival
Test Planning Subworking Group
Time Refinement
Time Slot Duty Factor
Transmission Security
Technical Standard Order
Time Slot Reallocation
Time to Acquire
Unmanned Aircraft System
Universal Access Transceiver
Ultra High Frequency
United Kingdom
Uplink
Universal Mobile Telephone System
United States
US&P
USAF
USAFE
us
USEUCOM
USFJ
USMC
USN
UUT
VBW
VDL
VFR
VHF
VMF
VOR
VORTAC
VSWR
WAAS
WAM
WG
WP
WRC
WRS
WX
United States and Possessions
United States Air Force
United States Air Force Europe
microseconds
US European Command
United States Forces Japan
United States Marine Corps
United States Navy
Unit Under Test
Video Bandwidth
VHF Data Link
Visual Flight Rules
Very High Frequency
Variable Message Format
VHF Omni-directional Range
VHF Omni-directional Range, TACAN
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
Wide Area Augmentation System
Wide Area Multilateration System
Working Group
Working Party
World Radio Conference (ITU)
Wide Area Reference Station (part of WAAS)
Weather
PJCC National FCA Conditions Starchart
Country /
Platform
 Function
AUS BANG CA INDI INDO JA MAL MON NEP

All
(100/50)
Standard Messages
(258 Pulses)
Packed Messages
(444 Pulses)
Individual Nets
(Different Nets Without Time Slot
Reuse)
Multinet
(Time Slot Reuse On Different Nets)
Contention
 100 nm

Initial Net Entry /RTT
(Modes A & B)
100 nm
radius
Geo Area Of
JTIDS/MIDS Operations



TBD
ALL
TBD
TBD
TBD
All but
Gnd
Mobile
TBD
TBD







 
 

 

 
 
  



TBD







Key:
AS = Australia
BANG = Bangledesh
CA = Canada
INDI = India
INDO = Indonesia
JA = Japan
MAL = Malaysia
MON = Mongolia
NEP = Nepal
NZ = New Zealand
PAL = Palau
PHIL = Philippines
 100 nm
  
100 nm
100%
200 nm
400% PC
100 nm
PC
166 nm
radius



(One Year)
90 days
Separation



See
Note 2
  
900 ft
from SSR
Other Separation
Requirements
Function
Authorized
= Meets CFC Condition
TBD
PAL PHIL
     

   
EMC Features
Operational
Records Maintained
(Std ATC V=1000 ft
CoAlt H= 3 To 5 nm)
All
  
 
 
 
  
  
Low Power
(200 Watts)
Max TSDF
(Time Slot Reuse On Same Net)
TBD
NZ
See
note 3
0.5 nm
from
Beacon
Awaiting
Data
Awaiting
Signature
Shaded Area means Common
Clearance Parameters

PC = Platform Centric or radius around every terminal
To Be
Determine
TBD
APIS = Radius around Any Point in Space
PJCC National FCA Conditions Starchart
Country /
PNG ROK SING SRI
Platform
 Function
TBD
Low Power
(200 Watts)
Max TSDF
(100/50)
Standard Messages
(258 Pulses)
Packed Messages
(444 Pulses)
Individual Nets
(Different Nets Without Time Slot
Reuse)
Multinet
(Time Slot Reuse On Different Nets)
TBD
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contention
TTB
BD
D
(Time Slot Reuse On Same Net)
Initial Net Entry /RTT
TTB
BD
D
(Modes A & B)
Geo Area Of
JTIDS/MIDS Operations
TTB
BD
D
TTB
BD
D
(One Year)
TTB
BD
D
Separation
(Std ATC V=1000 ft
CoAlt H= 3 To 5 nm)
= Meets CFC Condition





All
All
400
Limit
100 nm 100%
100 nm
& 200 nm 400%
radius PC
PC


   
   
   

Other Separation
Requirements
Function
Authorized





TBD
Key:
PNG = Papua New Guinea
ROK = Republic of Korea
SING = Singapore
SRI = Sri Lanka
THAI = Thailand
TWN = Taiwan
US = United States
US
 
 



  
 
   
TTB
BD
D
EMC Features
Operational
Records Maintained
TBD
THAI TWN
Note 4
Awaiting
Data
Awaiting
Signature
Shaded Area means Common
Clearance Parameters

PC = Platform Centric or radius around every terminal
To Be
Determine
TBD
APIS = Radius around Any Point in Space
Notes
Note 1: Deleted.
Note 2: A Tactical Data System (TDS) airborne terminal shall not radiate when:
1. Within a 1800 ft Disk with a radius of 0.7 nm centered on a civil
aviation aircraft
2. Within 600 ft altitude and 1.9 nm range of a TACAN / DME ground
station
3. Within 2900 ft altitude and 3.0 nm range of an SSR ground station
4. Within an approach control area.
Note 2: A TDS surface terminal shall not radiate when:
1. Within a 1300/2600 ft (Ground/Ship) vertically and 1.5/1.6 nm
(Ground/Ship) horizontally of civil aircraft
2. Within 2.0 nm range of a TACAN / DME ground station
3. Within 2900 ft altitude and 3.0 nm range of an SSR ground station
4. Within 3.6 nm range of an SSR ground station
5. Within an approach control area.
Notes
Note 3.
1. The minimum separation between any fixed site, marine mobile or ground mobile JTIDS/MIDS terminal
and any ground based DME or TACAN beacon used in civil ATC system would be based on a signal level
not exceeding -33 dBm at the DME beacon receiver. In instances where testing has not been carried out a
distance of 2 NM shall apply.
2. The minimum separation between any fixed site, maritime mobile or ground mobile JTIDS/MIDS
terminal and any air traffic control radar beacon system/secondary surveillance radar (ATCRBS/SSR)
ground equipment shall be based on a received signal level of -20 dBm (approx 900 ft for 200 watt
JTIDS/MIDS terminal). In instances where testing has not been carried out a distance of 2 NM shall apply.
3. The separation distance from a civilian or military aircraft flying under civilian conditions shall be at least
standard ATC separation (vertical separation 1000 feet and horizontal separation 3-5 NM).
4. The separation distance between airborne civilian or military aircraft and surface based JTIDS/MIDS
platforms shall be at least 1000 ft.
Note 4.
1. The TSDF limit for contention (Repromulgation Relay, Time Slot Reallocation (TSR) and machine
controlled contention (MCC) is 25 percent of 396,288 pulses in a 12 second frame. MCC includes Round
Trip Timing – Broadcast (RTT-B), Precise Participant Location Indicator (PPLI), Initial Net Entry (INE),
Fighter to Fighter (Ftr to Ftr) and Conditional Paired Slot Relay (CPSR). If only fast moving platforms use
MCC then the contention limit is 33 percent.
2. Surface based JTIDS/MIDS terminals must be located at distances that protect Tactical Air Navigation
(TACAN) and Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) beacons from JTIDS/MIDS signals that exceed a
power level of -33 dBm and a combined maximum 50% TSDF at the beacon receiver input. In the event
that this received signal condition cannot be met, then up to a peak power level of -24 dBm and a combined
maximum 20% TSDF at the beacon input may be permitted, however this latter condition must be identified
to th eNTIA by the Navy Marine Corps Spectrum Center (NMSC) prior to authorization and use. For any
and all power levels between -24 dBm and -33 dBm, coordination and authorization from NMSC is required.
3. Surfaced –based JTIDS/MIDS terminals will be located at distances that protect ATCRBS Interrogators
and Mode S Sensors from signals that exceed a peak power level of -20 dBm at their respective receiver
input.
4. There is also a 400% TSDF limit within a 200 NM radius of all terminals.