PPRP
NISCC SEMINAR
Kerry Malone
30/06/15
Tackling Domestic Abuse-Working inside and out of Criminal
Justice / Early Intervention
Promoting Positive Relationships Programme
Presentation Aims
• To provide an overview of the Strategic Context of the non
court mandated programme
• Aims of Strategy in tackling domestic abuse and violence
• To provide the NI definition of domestic abuse
• To provide information relation to the incidents of domestic
violence and abuse within UK and Northern Ireland
• To provide information in relation to the assessment of
need for a non court manifested intervention.
• Integrated Approach to DV benefits of early intervention
• Overview of new promoting positive relationship
programme.
• Questions
Strategic Context
The underlying strategy relating to the proposed
policy/programme is
“Tackling Violence at Home”
A strategy for addressing domestic violence and abuse in
Northern Ireland.
Aims of the Strategy
• To improve services and support for all victims of domestic
violence;
• To develop and deliver a high quality co-ordinated multiagency response to domestic violence;
• To further increase and develop awareness generally about
domestic violence and the measures in place to help
victims;
• To educate children and young people and the wider general
public that domestic violence is wrong and is unacceptable
and to enable them to make informed choices; and
• To hold perpetrators/abusers accountable and provide
effective interventions for their behaviour.
Tackling Domestic Violence and abuse at Home
strategy definition of Domestic Violence and abuse
“threatening, controlling, coercive behaviour, violence or
abuse (psychological, physical, verbal, sexual, financial or
emotional) inflicted on anyone (irrespective of age,
ethnicity, religion, gender or sexual orientation) by a
current or former intimate partner or family member”
Domestic Violence and Abuse………
affects people right across our society - from all walks of
life, from all cultural, social and ethnic backgrounds and
across all age groups. The vast majority of victims are
women, but a significant number of men are also affected
and abuse also occurs in same-sex relationships.
The Facts
• Domestic violence accounts for approximately one-fifth of all recorded
violent crime in Northern Ireland.
• It is estimated that one in five women and one in nine men will
experience domestic violence in the course of their lifetime.
• It is estimated that at least 11,000 children in N. Ireland are living with
domestic violence. Yet children are the silent victims.
• Repeat victimisation is common. No other type of crime has a rate of
repeat victimisation as high.
• The government strategy Tackling Violence at Home estimates that the
cost of domestic violence in Northern Ireland, including the potential
loss of economic output, could amount to £180 million each year
PSNI Trends in Domestic Abuse Incidents and Crimes
2004/05 to 2013/14
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Domestic abuse incidents have increased year on year since 2004/05, with the
exception of two decreases recorded, a 1.6 per cent decrease between 2006/07
and 2007/08 and a 7.3 per cent decrease between 2009/10 and 2010/11.
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The figure of 28,287 incidents for 2014/15 is the highest level recorded since
2004/05 and shows an increase of 2.4 per cent on the 2013/14 figure of 27,628.
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Domestic abuse crimes have tended to fluctuate since 2004/05, with the largest
increase of 11.5 per cent occurring between 2004/05 and 2005/06 and the largest
decrease of 8.2 per cent occurring between 2006/07 and 2007/08.
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The figure for 2014/15 (13,426 crimes) is the highest level recorded since 2004/05
and represents a 5.6 per cent increase on the 12,720 crimes recorded in 2013/14.
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There were 6 murders with a domestic abuse motivation in 2014/15, compared
with 7 in 2013/14.
PSNI -Annual Bulletin published 03 July 2014
Crimes with a Domestic Abuse Motivation by
Crime Type, 2013/14
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Criminal damage 10%
Breach of non-molestation order 8%
All other offences 2%
Sexual offences 3%
Theft (including burglary) 6%
Violence against the person 70%
PSNI-Annual Bulletin published 03 July 2014
Snapshot re Need for Intervention programme
May 2011 – snapshot conducted across all five Trusts re non-court mandated of
D/V on caseloads – returns identified 756
Men
Women
Young
People
Totals
Western
87
12
2
101
Belfast
159
34
8
201
Northern
35
4
12
51
South
Eastern
140
35
29
204
Southern
163
16
20
199
584
101
71
756
Impact On children
• Over 30% of all domestic
violence starts during
pregnancy.
• Since 1999, Women’s Aid
across Northern Ireland gave
refuge to d 14,356 children
and young people.
• Nearly three quarters of
children on the child
protection register live in
households where domestic
abuse occurs.
• The impact on an individual
child will vary according to the
child’s resilience and the
strengths and weaknesses of
their particular circumstances.
New Multi -Agency Initiative
Following the funding being made available the RSG agreed to the following
proposal:
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From June 2014 PBNI would develop a team to design and implement a
programme to provide non court mandated men to address abusive
behaviours.
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The programme would commence in each trust area from the 15th January
2015
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It was agreed that this programme should be piloted for the first year of
delivery and evaluated and an application to be accredited by December
2015.
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Following year one, consideration would also be given as to whether there was
adequate funding to run two substantive rolling programmes for alleged
offenders in each of the five trusts.
Programme Delivery Sites
• Belfast Health and
Social Care Trust
• Western Health and
Social Care Trust
• South Eastern Health
and Social Care Trust
• Southern Health and
Social Care Trust
• Western Health and
Social Care Trust
Overview of Promoting Positive
Relationships Programme
Promoting Positive Relationship Programme
PBNI have released a team of staff to develop and implement the project
consisting of one area manager, a part time admin support and 2 full time
Probation officers, with input from PBNI Psychology Team.
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Development of full implementation plan
Development of oversight structures
Full consultation re risk assessment tools
Development of screening tool for trust staff
Confirmed sites for programme
Developed a theory, assessment, management and programme manual
Delivery of programme
Practitioners Meeting
Criteria for PPRP
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Adult males, who have demonstrated the potential to be abusive in intimate
relationships and whose children are assessed as at risk by Social Services.
Aged 18 years or over and have command of English Language
Willing to acknowledge abusive behaviour within an intimate heterosexual
relationship
Willing to attend weekly sessions for a minimum of 30 sessions and agrees to
the terms of participation
In addition
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Safety planning work will have been completed with the partner and any
children
The case will have been assessed as level 3 or 4 using the Hardiker Child At Risk
Of Significant Harm
The children may be subject to any Care Orders / Child Protection Registration
Promoting Positive Relationship
Programme Structure
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Pre Programme assessment / support for partners/ ex-partners
Motivation/Foundation (4 Session)
Being A Good Dad (4 Sessions)
Good Lives Plan (2 Sessions)
Sessions Skills Based (10 Sessions)
Understanding Equality Behaviours In A Relationship Duluth Model (10
Sessions)
Home Exercises
Pre and Post Psychometrics
In the past we would have considered that past behaviour predicts future
behaviour but the PPRP considers that future determines our present
Promoting Positive Relationship Programme
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Strength Based Approach
Individually Tailored Approach Using: Self report, Partner report, SW
assessment and psychometrics to understand the individuals motivation for
engaging in abusive behaviour within a an intimate relationship
Educational
Skills Based
Integrated Approach
Incorporating Different Learning Styles including: the use of different
activities, resources , facilitation styles, materials, media to incorporate
the different learning styles of men in the group setting and thus maximise
learning potential
Third Party Working
Evaluation
Psychometric Testing and Qualitative evaluation
‘Change not blame’
Strength Based Approach
• The promoting positive relationship programme unlike previous DV
interventions uses a strength based approach in the development
of the programme manual and in the way we work with men.
• It focuses on developing the individuals participants strengths and
abilities rather than on their deficits and problems and difficulties.
• A key assumption of a strengths-based approach is that everyone,
regardless of their current or past behaviour, has talents, skills,
assets and resources that they can tap into and build on to effect
change.
• The following table summarises the key differences between
traditional approaches to addressing DV and adopting a strengthsbased approach:-
Strength Based Approach-Adapted by NOMS
from Lehman and Simmons, 2009
Area
Traditional Approach
Strengths-Based Approach
Theory of Change
Educating – focusing on
changing views of women
Therapeutic – focusing on
strengths and skills
Beliefs
Need to be challenged and
confronted
A place to start and to be worked
with throughout the intervention
Treatment
Same method for everyone
Different people need different
methods of intervention
View of resistance
and defensiveness
Problem that blocks change
Natural stage of change
Role of Worker
Role of Worker
Expert and teacher
Helper and facilitator
Challenges of SBA
• To some working in the field of dv it is difficult to see
beyond the individuals abusive behaviours and as such
see strengths and abilities as opposed to deficits only..
• Some see change as a result of confronting and
challenging beliefs. However we encourage an
environment in which clients are able to express
attitudes and beliefs in a way that this can be
deconstructed in a helpful way. This encourages
increased internal motivation to change and increased
engagement.
• In order to support victims and families we want to
give men the best opportunity that we can to help
them make positive changes .
Proactive not Reactive (PnR) Tool – Effects
Developed from the ethos of ‘change not blame’
• 1st step – provide objective statement of situation (abusive episode)
• 2nd step – ‘Know yourself’ phase’ i.e. feelings thoughts and beliefs
linked to the incident.
• 3rd step – ‘Stop and pause’ – be mindful
• 4th step –‘ Choose yourself’ phase i.e. immediate non harmful
response
• 5th step – ‘best self’ phase i.e. longer term best self
• 6th step – List consequences on man, partner, children, others
Treatment Targets
• Emotional Management-understanding and
dealing with emotional triggers
• Mindfulness
• Awareness Of Non Verbal Communication
• Communicating Thoughts And Feelings
• Active Listening
• Negotiation
• Responsible Parenting
• Building protective factors / identifying
internal and external strengths
Intervention Methods
• PPRP focuses significantly on providing the participants
with the skills in which to effect change.
• Participants are provided with an opportunities to develop
cognitive and behavioural skills and tools.
• Each exercises has been developed to engage participants
in visual, audio or kinaesthetic activity, such as role-play or
communicating through drawing, rather than relying solely
on verbal discussion or reading/writing.
• The use of technology including audio and visual clips and
apps.
• Facilitators Treatment Style
A Multi Agency Approach
• PPRP exists as part of a multi agency response
to DV.
• Regional Steering Group
• Representation from each Trust, WAF, PSNI,
NSPCC
• Practitioner Meeting
• Weekly Formal Feedback
• Mid Way Review and Final Report
• Informal Communication
• Evaluation
Partner Safety Service
Evaluation
September – December 2015
Questions welcome