HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
HIV/AIDS
• HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• Normal: T-Cell Count of 800-1200
• Low: T-Cell Count of 650-800
• Early HIV: T-Cell Count of 450-650
• Late HIV: T-Cell Count of 201 – 450
• AIDS: T-Cell Count of 200 or below
Symptoms
• Early HIV: Flu-Like Symptoms
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•
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Cough
Cold
Headaches
Malaise (Tired feeling, not wanting to do anything)
Skin Rash
• Acute Retroviral Syndrome: The explosion of early
symptoms from HIV
Symptoms
• Late HIV Symptoms
• Short-Term Memory Loss
• Shingles
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Symptoms
• AIDS
• ARC (Aids Related Complications)
• Pneumonia
• Encephalitis causing brain rotting causing verbal
babbling
• Toxoplasmosis: Cat Disease
• Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): Skin Cancer
• Cytomegalovirus: Infections of the Retina
Causes & Passing of the Virus
• Passed in fluids: Semen, Blood, Vaginal Fluids,
Breast Milk
• Not passed in fluids: Saliva, Urine, Sweat,
Tears
• Passed in Methods: Anal sex, Vaginal sex, Oral
Sex; Transfusions, Needles; Birth; Breast
Feeding
• Not passed in Methods: Kissing, Mosquito
Bites
Names Prior to HIV
• Gay Pneumonia
• Gay Cancer
• GRID-Gay Related Immune Deficiency
• HIV sufferers may or may not get AIDS. Those
who show no symptoms for a long time are
known as “Long-Term non-progressors
• Those who have AIDS are terminally ill.
Growing Groups of AIDS Sufferers
• Upper-Middle Class females in their teens and
twenties
• Gay Men
• The Elderly
• Children are no longer a growing group
Science of the Virus
• HIV is a retrovirus which means that it
replicates itself in the system and attaches
itself to the cells. There has never been a cure
for a retrovirus.
• CD4-Alarms
• CD8-Killer Cells
• CCR5-HIV attaches to this enzyme
Testing for AIDS & Scope of the VIrus
• 2 Tests must be done, both blood tests. One
must be done 6 months after the other with no
risky behavior in between. If both are negative,
then the person does not have HIV.
• 1 million infections in the USA, ½ million deaths
(110/55 per day)
• 40 million infections world-wide, 21 million
deaths (4400/2200 per day)
• Today, AIDS is most prominent in Africa
Important Dates
• 1930’s: Disease is rumored to be around
• 1968: Disease is thought to have been in the
USA but no proof
• 1977: Disease is first found in Denmark, but
not named yet
• 1978: Disease spreads through parts of
Europe, especially France
• 1980: Disease first comes to the USA
Dates Cont’d
• 1981: Disease spreads through the USA, especially in
San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, & New York.
• 1983: AIDS is first given its name at the CDC-BloodBank Meetings by Dr. Vellnor
• 1983 (October): HIV is isolated & found in the labs.
• 1984 (April): HIV is announced to the public
• 1985: Blood banks are asked to begin testing for the
virus
• 1992: Magic Johnson is diagnosed with HIV,
popularizing the disease world-wide.
Important People
• Don Francis: CDC Researcher who dedicated
his life to fighting the virus and finding a cure.
Had previously worked on Ebola & Hepatitis B.
• Bill Krause: Gay politician with direct ties to
Washington D.C. who fought for gay rights and
the prejudice against gays.
• Bill Darrow: CDC Researcher who discovered
that HIV was sexually transmitted by linking 40
cases over 10 cities back to patient zero.
People
• Harold Jaffe: CDC worker who discovered that
HIV was passed through the blood stream
• Dale Lawrence: CDC worker who also discovered
that HIV was passed through the blood stream
• Marco Conant: Dr. who secretly treated many
AIDS patients despite prejudice and loss of other
patients.
• Mary Guinan: CDC worker who assisted Don
Francis with finding the virus.
People
• Jim Curran: CDC boss who argued with Don
Francis due to politics and finances.
• Gatan Dugash: Patient Zero; Gay flight-attendant
who brought HIV into the U.S.
• Selma Dritz: Straight politician who fought HIV
and fought for gay rights.
• Luc Montagnier: French researcher who also
worked on discovering AIDS
• Bob Gallo: USA Scientist who worked for the
National Cancer Institute who worked on AIDS
and founded Leukemia.
Relationship between AIDS &
Leukemia
• 2 Kinds of Leukemia
• HTLV I (Deadly) & HTLV II (Non-Deadly)
• When Gallo discovered that 2 of his patients
also had AIDS, he became interested and
wanted to link AIDS & Leukemia, thereby
calling AIDS HTLV III.
Gay Bath House Controversy
• Gay Bath Houses: Place where gay people
anonymously went to have sex, similar to a
Brothel.
• Infections sky rocketed due to gay bath houses
but politicians did not want to shut them
down. The “vocal minority” of gay people did
not want them shut down either as it was
their expression of sexual freedom.
Hemophilia & AIDS
• Hemophiliacs blood does not clot. They need
blood clotting mechanisms. “Factorate” is a
blood clotting mechanism that allows blood to
clot. It is donated blood from thousands of
people that is chemically altered.
• Hemophiliacs had increased infections rate
due to blood donations. 89% of hemophiliacs
who received blood got infected.
HIV/AIDS Essay
• Using a chronological time line which begins in
1975 and progresses towards the year 2000,
explain the history of the AIDS virus including
the most important people within the virus.
Also, discuss how the disease was politically
important. Finally, include a statement on
where you see the United States with AIDS 25
years from now.