First Nation Métis Inuit Model
Single Plan of Care
(FNMI SPOC)
Janice St. Germaine BHSW
Consultant for BANAC
Aboriginal Holistic Approach
This cross section depicts
the Aboriginal total
person and is inclusive of
all levels of personhood
understood to be:
 body,
 mind,
 heart,
 And spirit.
Jim Dumont, Traditional Teacher, 2002/2003 Ontario First Nation Regional Health Survey.
Although this is a graphic representation please keep in mind that these Teachings remain with the realm of Oral knowledge
FNMI Model
Laurentian University
Stages of Life
Jim Dumont, Laurentian University, 1999
Although this is a graphic representation please keep in mind that these Teachings remain with the realm of
Oral knowledge
Nourishing Our Spirit
She-she-gwun
Zaagidiwin
Ma-do-do-swun
(sweat lodge
Ba-wa-ji-gay-win
(fasting lodge)
J. Dumont, 2005
Seven Gifts
Nbwaakaawin (Wisdom): to cherish knowledge is to know Wisdom,
Zaagidwin (Love):
to know love is know peace,
Mnaadendiwin (Respect): to honour all of Creation is to have Respect,
Aakkdewin (Bravery):
is to face the foe with integrity,
Gwekwaadziwin (Honesty): in facing a situation is to be brave,
Dbadenizwin (Humility):
is to know yourself as a sacred part of the Creation,
Debwewin (Truth):
is to know all of these things.
‘win’ means the art of...
(Benton- Banai, 1988)
Traditional Métis Values
 Family gatherings
 Storytelling
 Humour
 Sharing
 Honesty
 Spirituality
 Loyalty
 Métis Foods
 Music & Dance
 Conversation
 Pride
 Language, Michif
 Respect for Elders
Compiled by Lawrence Barkwell,
Coordinator of Métis Heritage and History Research, Louis Riel
Institute
The Six Principles of Inuit Traditional
Knowledge (Inuit Qaujimaatuqangit)
The Concept of Serving (Pijitsirniq):
 The concept of community service is a central Inuit value and a
measure of each personal level of maturity and wisdom.
The Concept of Environmental Stewardship (Avatimik
Kamattiarniq):
 The health of people is inseparable from the health of their
environment.
Consensus Decision-making (Aajiiqatigiingniq):
 Consensus decision-making relies on effective communication
skills (listening as well as speaking) and the ability to create a
shared vision.
The Six Principles of Inuit Traditional
Knowledge (Inuit Qaujimaatuqangit)
The Concept of Skills and Knowledge acquisition (Pilimmaksarniq):
 is crucial to individual, family and community survival in a demanding
environment and during challenging times.
The Concept of Being Resourceful and Adaptable to Solve Problems
(Qanuqtuurunnarniq):
 the importance of using skills, knowledge and resources in creative ways to
overcome new obstacles as they arise.
Collaborative Relationships or Working Together for a Common Purpose
(Piliriqatigiingniq):
 the importance of the group over the individual by fostering a strong sense of
teamwork to achieve a shared vision and allowing decisions to benefit all
within the group, whether in family or community contexts.

Addictive Behaviours Among Aboriginal People in Canada, (2207)The Aboriginal Healing Foundation Research Series, Ottawa, Ontario. pp. 41)
North: behaviour and movement, healing,
physical. (Not Caring)
Team members: (SP and CYF) meet to develop shared
plan to achieve shared goals through shared strategies
and activities
Care & service provided based on strategies & activities
of shared SPOC
West: Reason, respect, ancestor,
intellect. (Resentment)
Team members:
Arrange w/CYF to assess needs
East: vision, new beginnings, renewal,
(optimally common session)
spirit. (Inferiority)
Assess CYF needs
FNMI Service Provider (SP) assesses
Individual team members assessment
child/youth (CYF) and determines:
summaries are shared in common
Catalyst exists
information repository
Eligibility may exist
Review summary assessments in prep
for Single Plan of Care
Team lead (current) arranges for SPOC
mtg. and discusses summary assessment
w/CYF
South: relationships (including, youth, family,
Child
Youth
supports and environment) & time, emotions.
(Envy)
SP:
Requests consent to share information
Contacts & requests engagement of other agencies
Agency agrees to engagement or declines ()
Identifies, collects, summarizes (high level) body of
info available, timelines of info, issues, gaps, risks
Distributes info to agencies (w/consent)
SP organizes inaugural team mtg. w/SPs and CYF w/ 3
major deliverables (goals)
J. Dumont, 1988, H. Nabigon, 1996,
adapted by J. St. Germaine, 2009
Sample FNMI Single Plan of Care
Plan will be implemented and revised
according to progress, behaviour or physical
change. Plan maybe revised and a transition
plan will be developed.
FNMI participants will assist family in healing
process which will be subject to change.
Plan of care will be revised according
progress, re-assessment and age of
child or youth. Services Providers will
change age child or youth ages and
develops;
Paediatrician, physiotherapy, speech
language therapy, mobility clinic,
family support, respite, transition plan
FNMI service provider will
recommend FNMI Single Plan of
Care process to a family.
C/Y
Vision for child will be determined might be to have child come home,
attend primary and secondary
school. The treatment and support
services required will be listed
Relationships will be established.
When a FNMI service provider makes a referral and
parents agree the team will be established, may
include; assessment, child & family develop team,
treatment & services delivery team. Service
coordination and monitoring progress will be
determined. Team lead will be determined,
communication will be established and clinical notes
will be stored on electronic record.
FNMI Model
The circular nature of the model implies that we can go
around until all the child/youth and families needs are
met.
The child/youth is in the centre.
If we run into challenges we can use the medicines or the
helpers in each quadrant to help us.
We can also be aware of the feelings people may have in
each quadrant that maybe barriers, such as anger or
fear.
Measure of success
North
Has there been opportunity created to
encourage behaviour change? Has there
been movement?
West
Has the assessment process been
Respectful for the child or youth
and other relationships? What
needs to be looked at again?
East
Has the Vision for the child/youth
been met?
Does the Vision need to be
amended?
South
Have the relationships goals been
met?
Where the time lines goals met?
J. Dumont, 1988, H. Nabigon, 1996, adapted
J. St. Germaine, 2010
References:
 Addictive Behaviours Among Aboriginal People In Canada, Deborah
Chansonneuve, Aboriginal Healing Foundation, (2007), Ottawa, Ontario
 An Interpretive Study of Residential School Impact and Healing as Illustrated
by the Stories of First Nation Individuals (1994), Assembly of First Nation
Ottawa, Ontario,
 Midewiwin Continuing Education, Jim Dumont, Shawanaga Healing Centre,
April to March, 2005
 Native Behaviour Lecture, Jim Dumont, (1999) Laurentian University,
 Native Human Services Lecture, Herb Nabigon, (1999), Laurentian University,
 Ontario First Nation Regional Health Survey, 2002/2003, Chiefs of Ontario
Website
 Single Plan of Care Protocol Implementation, Draft Working Document,
(2009), Child, Youth and Family Services Coalition of Simcoe County,
November,
 The Mishomis Book, The Voice of the Ojibway, Edward Benton Banai, (1988),
Little Red School House, St. Paul Minnesota,
References
ottawainuitchildrens.com
tungasuvvingatinuit.ca
metisnation.org
georgianbaymetiscouncil.com
chiefsofontario.org