Matthew, Ivy, Kathia
Coach Eager
AP Human Geography 2
nd
9 December 2015
Review for Final: Chapter 9
Major Key Points
 Hearths of urbanization
 Ancient cities in society
 Diffusion of urbanization
 Models of cities
 Shaping cities
 Urbanism
 Why cities are located where they are
 Hexagonal hinterlands
 Rank-size rule
 Central place theory
 Functional zones/ zonation
 Informal economy
 Spaces of consumption
 Suburbanization
Summary of the Chapter
In this chapter we talk about what a city is, hearths of urbanization, ancient cities,
diffusion of urbanization, different models of cities, urbanism, why cities are located
where they are, hexagonal hinterlands, the rank-size rule, central place theory, functional
zones/ zonation, spaces of consumption, and suburbanization. To start off, a city is an
agglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics,
culture, and economics. There are 6 different hearths of urbanization, and they include:
Mesopotamia, Nile River Valley, Indus River Valley, Huang He and Wei Valleys,
Mesoamerica, and Peru. Not only were ancient cities the center of religion and power, but
they also served as economic nodes. Urbanization diffused from Mesopotamia in many
different directions as the populations within Mesopotamia grew with the steady food
supply and good lifestyle. As people started migrating out of Mesopotamia their
knowledge of agriculture and urbanization diffused with them. The functional zonation of
a city shows us how the different areas or segments serve different purposes within the
city. Before a second urban revolution could take place, a second revolution in
agriculture was necessary. The rule that states that the population of a city or town will be
inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy is known as the rank-size rule. Walter
Christaller proposed the theory that explained where cities, towns, and villages would be
located. His model would predict how and where central places in the urban hierarchy
would be functionally and spatially distributed. His theory is known as the central place
theory. The term zone is typically preceded by a descriptor that conveys the purpose of
that city. The concentric zone model was proposed by the sociologist Ernest Burgess.
Homer Hoyt, in the late 1930s, published his sector model. In the 1940s Harris and
Ullman proposed their multiple nuclei model. A couple more city models include the
Griffin-Ford Model, of South American cities, and the McGee Model, of Southeast Asian
cities. Redlining is an illegal real estate practice where minority groups were prevented
from obtaining money to purchase homes in predominantly white neighborhoods.
Multiple Choice Questions
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
.
a.
b.
c.
d.
.
a.
b.
c.
d.
.
a.
b.
c.
d.
.
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1. A city is an agglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a
center of _______.
politics
culture
economics
all of the above
none of these
2. Which of these is not one of the six hearths of urbanization?
Nile River Valley
Huang He Valley
Western Europe
Mesopotamia
Peru
3. The layout of a city, and its physical form and structure are known as _______.
urban morphology
functional zonation
agora
Acropolis
trade areas
4. Before the second urban revolution could take place what had to happen?
a revolution in agriculture
European Exploration
urban growth
a second revolution in agriculture
nothing had to happen for a second urban revolution to occur
5. According to the rank-size rule if the largest city had 12 million people, how
many people would be in the 4th largest city?
6 million
7 million
5 million
3 million
1 million
The rehabilitation of houses in older neighborhoods is known as what?
gentrification
redlining
shantytowns
edge cities
ethnic neighborhoods
7.
What did Christaller say why he chose perfectly fitted hexagonal regions instead
of using circles?
.
circles would leave areas unserved
a.
they would have to overlap
b.
hexagons looked cooler
c.
both a and b
d.
none of the above
8.
Which of the following is not one of the “Big Three” alpha cities?
.
Singapore
a.
Tokyo
b.
London
c.
New York
d.
all of these aren’t one of the “Big Three”
9.
Which of the following best represents the McGee model of cities.
.
a.
b.
c.
d.
none of these represent the McGee model
10.
The area of a city where its main purpose is to encourage people to to consume
goods and services, and is driven primarily by the global media industry, is known as
what?
.
trade areas
a.
central business district
b.
spaces of consumption
c.
zone
d.
disamenity sector
Answers to Multiple Choice Questions
1. d
2. c
3. a
4. d
5. d
6. a
7. d
8. a
9. d
10. c