Anatomy & Physiology of Animals
AS 511 Fall 2012
Professor: Dr. L. S. Shapiro Office: MW 1:15, by appointment (drcows@aol.com) - CFS1043
818-710-4254
Lecture Text: Cochran, P.E. Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, 2nd Ed. 2011.
Shapiro, L., Lecture Outline for Anatomy and Physiology of Animals, Revised, Fall 2006
Laboratory Texts: 1. Gilbert, S. G., Pictorial Anatomy of the Cat
2. Shapiro, L., Anatomy & Physiology Lab Syllabus
3. Shapiro, L., Anatomy Laboratory Test Question Study Guide, Revised Spring 2006
Recommended: A good medical dictionary (i.e., Tabers or Stedman’s).
Shapiro, L. , Pathology and Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians, 2nd ed. 2010
Because every class moves at a different pace, I will not put exact dates for each lecture, simply their
order. All of the reading assignments should be completed before each exam. The following skills
list should be mastered by all first year RVT students prior to applying to the 2nd year program.
Emphasis on anatomy
SKILLS LIST
1. Sciatic nerve for IM injections
2. IM injection sites: lumbar, semimembranosis; semi-tendinosis; quadriceps; triceps
3. Positional terms, i.e., caudal/cranial, ventral/dorsal, rostral, lingual, buccal, distal,
proximal, lateral/medial
4. Structures of the eye including the iridocorneal angle (for glaucoma) aka filtration
angle
5. Flow of blood through heart (to understand right and left sided congestive heart
failure)
6. Fetal blood circulation (to understand patent ductus arteriosis)
7. Locations of veins used for venipuncture: jugular, cephalic, medial and lateral
saphenous
8. Structure of ear canal and how it “sits” in the head
9. Location of the bladder as it “sits” in the abdomen
10. Location of the urethral opening in female dogs
11. The path of the urethra in the male dog and cat
12. The number of ribs and location of the costochondral junction
13. The location and number of each type of vertebrae; cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
14. Understanding the skeleton as a whole; which bones are in front half and which are in
rear half (tarsus vs. carpus, femur vs. humerus)
15. Location of manubrium
16. Location of greater trochanter, the wing of the ilium, and the iliac crest
17. Knowing the difference between the dorsal and lateral processes of the vertebral body
18. Emphasis on hip and elbow anatomy to be able to evaluate OFA rads
19. Location of the anal glands
20. Location of the lymph nodes; submandibular, prescapular, inguinal, popliteal
21. Location of the thoracic inlet
22. Epiglottis, arytenoid cartilage, entrance to the trachea
Student Learning Outcomes
The student will label anatomical drawings of various domestic skeletons both bones and joints.
The student will label the four basic animal digestive systems (equine, avian, ruminant and simple
stomach).
The student will define and or match common anatomical and physiological terms used in companion
animal and food animal medicine.
The student will master the 22 point skills list for entry into the second year RVT program.
The student will demonstrate honest evaluation of the course material without cheating or plagiarizing.
Tentative Schedule
TOPIC
TEXT
Introduction (bones)
Chapts. 1-7
Muscular and Digestive Systems
8-9
Livestock Observation Assignment
Respiratory & Circulatory Systems
10-11
Urogenital and Nervous Systems
12-17
Farm Observation Assignment Due (Dec. 3, 2012 Must be uploaded to Moodle)
Review
Final Exam - December 11, 2012 @ 11:00 a.m. (Scantron form 884)
Methods of Evaluation (Grade Scale - >90% = A, 80-89% = B, 70-79% = C, 60-69% = D)
Exam # Points
Material on Exam
1
100
Cells and Cell types, tissues, basic positions, skeletal system
2
100
Muscular and Digestive Systems
3
100
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
4
100
Urogenital and Nervous Systems
5
200
Final Exam Comprehensive
35
Extra Credit (due no later than beginning of 14th week)
<100
Misc. assignments, Quizzes, Livestock Observation Assignment
6.
Participation (3 “tardies” = 1 absence, 3 unexcused absences can = a Fail). It is
the student’s responsibility to drop any class after the 1st session not the
faculty.
7. Anyone caught cheating on an exam, paper, any assignment will receive a FAIL in the course.
This may include someone allowing someone else to cheat (letting someone look at your paper). DO
NOT cheat in my class!!!!!
8. No cell phones or beepers or any other electronic recording or playing devices are permitted
on during class time. If you are a doctor on call or if you have other emergency situations that
require you to have your phone on during class time please confer with me at the beginning of class
so we can make arrangements where you will not disturb the rest of the class. Thank you for
following this requirement.
9. No tape recorders are allowed in class. This is to protect the privacy rights of both students and
faculty. Please respect this rule.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course, Animal Sciences 511, Anatomy and Physiology of Animals, is a three hour per week
lecture course which provides the student with a basic study of the facts and principles of animal life.
It includes detailed reference to the anatomy and physiology of domestic animals, as well as
comparative anatomy and physiology. The course is transferable to the California State University
system with the successful completion of AS 512 (lab).
AS 511 is a required course for students majoring in Veterinary Technology, Pre-veterinary
Medicine, Animal/Dairy and Horse Science and may be used as part of the natural sciences
requirement for other majors. It is only transferable with the completion of AS 512 (Anatomy and
Physiology Lab).
Anatomy and Physiology is a science-oriented course that will require at least three hours of outside
study for every hour spent in class. I encourage students to work together, except during exams, of
course. Obtain phone numbers and email addresses of fellow students (at least three "study
buddies") and get together to review material prior to all exams. The night before should involve a
simple review with a “study buddy” and not one lasting into the middle of the night. Constant review
throughout the semester is required for any college course. Veterinary clinics cannot succeed without
team effort. I expect team effort except, of course, during exams or other individual assignments.
This is a college course; therefore the primary means of communication is through lecture. Where
most beginning college students fail is in not knowing what to write down as the instructor or
professor talks. Write down anything that is on the board. Don’t write in long hand. Abbreviate
your words. You are the only one who has to read your notes and understand them. Later on when
you review them you can expand on them if needed or note something you have a question on.
The purpose of my exams is not to trick you or to fail you. Exams let me know if I am getting the
message across to you and lets you know if you understand the material. Grades are not given, they
are earned. I do not grade on a curve. All of my students can receive “A’s” or “Fails”. I encourage
you to ask for my help throughout the semester. If I don’t know the answer to your questions I will
try to lead you to someone who does. I do not have all of the answers. I am also learning as I teach
and hope that I will learn as much from you as you will from me. I have provided you with a series
of study questions at the end of each chapter to help you prepare for your exams. Use them and
review them on a regular basis.
I encourage questions pertinent to the subject matter. Remember the purpose of this course is to gain
an appreciation of the principles and facts of animal life and not to cram your head full of useless
trivia. In asking questions, raise your hand and please wait to be called on. In any sized class it is
difficult to respond to several voices at the same time. If I don’t see your hand you can get my
attention by calling out. Use these same techniques if/when I speak too quickly or if you need help
in spelling a word that I use. If you constantly have a problem understanding me, please sit close to
the front of the room.
As I have a busy schedule, please hand in all assignments on time. Most, if not all, of your
assignments will be given to you at the beginning of the semester. Plan ahead! If you think you
might be busy during a certain week do your assignment ahead of time.
Extra credit is only accepted through the 14th week of the semester and it must be approved in
writing prior to you beginning this project. Plan ahead if you feel you need these points and check
all work with me prior to submitting it.
You may have to do some memorizing of terms at first because the material may be new to you.
Learn these definitions and double check on their meaning with a good medical dictionary. I would
strongly urge you to take AS 401, Introduction to Veterinary Science, as a quick (8 wk. course) way
of learning the medical terminology that we will use in this course.
Having worked through many surgeries and necropsies, I realize how important dissection is in
teaching you the basic anatomy of the cat. Dissection should also help you in developing the feeling
of how hard you can pull or not pull on various structures in the body and in getting used to viewing
the insides of an animal. At the same time, I greatly respect those students who choose not to partake
in such dissections due to any number of personal beliefs. I must point out that none of the cats we
will use are from farms raising animals for laboratory dissection but come from the over population
of cats being put to sleep by our animal shelters.
Most importantly, remember: I am here to help you understand the material. DO NOT be afraid to
ask for assistance.
If you have a disability for which you are or may be requesting an accommodation, please inform me
as soon as possible. I also encourage you to contact the Special Services Program, at 818-719-6430
to facilitate the accommodations.
If you need help paying for books and other college expenses,
call the Financial Aid Office at
(818) 719-6428
or see them in the College Services Building
http://www.piercecollege.edu/offices/financial_aid
The Veterans Administration is authorized by law to provide a wide range of benefits to those who have
served their country in the Armed Forces and to their dependents. This webpage is designed to introduce
you to some of the benefits you may be eligible for while attending Pierce College.
http://community.piercecollege.edu/veterans/education.htm