COMENIUS-PROJECT
The effects of climate change
on tourism in Europe –
Sustainable tourism in different
regions
presented by
Duales
Berufskolleg Lahr
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Effects of climate change on tourism
2. Sustainable Tourism
3. Gentle Tourism
4. Best Practice: Black Forest National Park
1. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ON TOURISM
THE GERMANS‘ MOST POPULAR
TRAVEL DESTINATIONS
(outgoing tourism)
• Germany is the most popular travel
destination of the Germans (statistics)
 approx. 85% of the overnight stays
were realised by Germans
Spain
Italy
• But also Europe
Turkey
Long-distance
Austria
• Long-distance journeys
Greece
France
Croatia
Poland
Netherlands
From 100 Germans ...
travelled to...
HOW DOES TOURISM CHANGE?
Statistics of the whole tourism branch: Development of the turnover
50,00
45,00
40,00
18,02
14,81
35,00
Mrd. Euro
9,57
20,96
23,33
27,40
26,13
2009
2010
12,86
30,00
25,00
20,00
15,00
28,07
27,70
28,93
29,96
2005
2006
2007
2008
10,00
5,00
0,00
Tourism branch offline
Tourism branch online
DO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS PLAY
A ROLE IN THE SELECTION OF THE
TRAVEL DESTINATION?
• The environmental consciousness has
augmented enormously
within the last 10 years
• Reasons for this phenomenon: Fear of
climate change and other natural disasters
Consideration of
personal health and
nature
Alternative Travel offers
EFFECT OF THE OZONE
CONCENTRATION ON TOURISM
Changes in travel behavior
no solid changes in travel behavior due to the ozone
concentration
 but: regional and seasonal shifts in demand
 Mainly concerned are...
- Mediterranean Sea abutters
- poor countries
- countries that are dependent on
tourism
REASONS FOR DECREASE OF
TOURISM







environmental menace e.g. algae
strong sun radiation
heat waves
lack of snow
aridity / lack of water
infectious diseases
extreme weathers (storms, floods…)
„Concerned“
Mediterranean Sea areas, insular states in the
South Pacific as well as in the Indian Ocean


strong decrease in tourism in the busy season
 enormous heat, extreme weathers
increase in tourism or rather a shift to the winter
and low season
„Winners“
Belgium, Netherlands, Louxembourg,
Germany, Baltic countries
Germany

swimming places are more attractive

gains in summer tourism


growing demand for walking, climbing &
biking tours
good summer seasons at German coasts
Conclusion
Germany will experience more positive than
negative effects of climate change
Deficits in winter could be balanced by gains
in summer tourism
 Possibilities of reorientation &
assimilation according to the changing
situation
DUE TO A LACK OF
SNOW THERE IS LESS
DEMAND FOR
WINTER HOLIDAYS IN
THE BLACK FOREST
… far from it!
THE BLACK FOREST
Highest summit of Germany‘s
low mountain ranges
Feldberg (1.493 m)
Snow guaranty
 60 mountains over 1000 m
FACTS: WINTER ‘09/’10



one of the best winters
 400.000 visitors (February)
 in comparison to season 08/09: 500.000 visitors
already 120 operating days
 average per season: 70- 90 operating days
Numbers of accommodation rise from year to year
updated: March, 1
FORECAST OF THE DECREASE OF SNOW
All data refer to the dates of 1994 - 2003
Origin:
Leibniz-Institut 2009
EXAMPLE FOR REGIONAL EFFECTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE: THE „LOTHARPFAD“
- facts about the storm „Lothar“
Date:
26 December1999
Speed:
272 km/h
Affected areas:
Northern France, Switzerland,
Liechtenstein, Southwestern Germany
(Black Forest)
Damages:
30 Mio m2 damaged wood
40.000 ha forest cleaning
6 Mrd. $ insurance-damages
DESCRIPTION
- located in the Northern Black Forest
- opened: June 2003
- trail for education, adventure and experience
Location: Lotharpfad
DESCRIPTION
- 800 m long in an area as big as 10 soccerfields
- leads across bridges, bases, lethers
- free of charge (voluntary donation is welcome)
 many thousands of visitors a year
WHY HAS THE „LOTHARPFAD“ BEEN
FOUNDED?
- the area hasn‘t been touched by a human
- No new plants are cropped
 aim: Show visitors, how nature develops/grows without
any human influences
2. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
DEFINITION
Sustainable tourism fulfils social, ecological and
economic compatibility criteria.
Its basic idea is to aim all activities at the target area
,,nature“.
MORE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM BY:
 minimisation of negative impacts / conflicts /
improvement of postive impacts
 balance of ecology, economy and social factors
 assignment of sustainable tourism concepts
MEASURES IN HOTELS

Saving energy in
- the lounge
- the hall
- the hotel room
- the bath room
- control of the room temperature
- measures of thermal insulation
- Electricity

Waste separation and prevention

Saving of water
MEASURES OF TRAVEL BUSINESS
 arrival and departure
 during the habitation
 information arrangements
CLIMATE-FRIENDLY TRAVELLING
SUPPLIES FROM TRAVEL BUSINESS
•
Ecological travelling
•
Check energy use
•
„travel and help“
ALPINE PEARLS – THE ANSWER
•
Combination of 17 tourist resorts
•
Tourism doesn‘t destroy
•
Precursor in climate protection and tourism
EXAMPLE FOR SUSTAINABLE
TOURSIMS IN GERMANY

improve travel offers
 single tourists have other interests than
families

influence the travel decision
 holiday in Germany
MECKLENBURG-WESTERNPOMERANIA



tourism=most important
branch of the economy
secret place
Waren an der Müritz was
chosen for developing
environmentally-sensitive
tourism
WAREN AN DER MÜRITZ
WHY Waren an der Müritz:

good infrastructure

unfamous city

great conditions for nature
lovers
PROMOTION
Tourism is causer as well as aggrieved party of the
climate change




decrease of the individual
traffic
decrease of the energy
usage
promote for „holiday in
Germany“
promotion of regional
products
PROMOTION


compare supply and demand environmentally
create companies and communes, which act
environmentally, an advantage
THE WORLD TOURISM
ORGANIZATION (UNWTO)
Based in Madrid
Aim:
responsible+
sustainable tourism
THE UNWTO-CLIMATE
CONFERENCE 2007
Aim of the conference:
Declaration of Davos -> „Four-Step Plan“ for
Tourism industry
1. Reduction of greenhouse gases
2. Adaptation to climate change
3. Using of available + new technology
4. To raise funds
The UN Climate Conference on Bali and Copenhagen
3. GENTLE TOURISM
DEFINITION
Gentle tourism is a form of travelling which meets
three essential requests:
1.To affect the perambulated nature as little as
possible or rather not to harm the nature
2.To experience the nature as closely as possible,
intensely and originally
3.To adapt oneself to the culture of a country
BAREFOOT PATHS
Baumkronenweg in Waldkirch

Sense path: 1.1 km

Treetop path: 200 m

Adventure path: 200 m

Barefoot path: 200 m

Giant slide
ECOTOURISM
Ecotourism is a responsible form of
travelling to areas close to nature
which adds to the protection of the
environment and to the well-being
of the local population
NATURE RESERVE
TAUBERGIESSEN
The Taubergießen with a size of 1682 ha
is one of the biggest nature resorts in
Baden Württemberg.
It was declared natural resort in 1979
You can also find lots of rare species in
the Taubergießen, which don‘t appear in
other areas
NATURE RESERVE
TAUBERGIESSEN
About 60 % of the area is forest and the rest
is used as agricultural greenland.
The trails you can find in the
Tauergießen are very popular with hikers and
bikers
HIKING-TOURISM

among the most important
markets of Germany

200.000 km fixed/
signposted trails

11 million Germans
= constant hikers

hotels adapt to hikers

Sanitary aspects are making
hiking more and more attractive
THE BLACK FOREST

24.000 km signed hiking trails

Ortenau: mineral spring
Karlsruher Grat

Famous trails (Karlsruher Grat)

Hiking through vineyards

Many valleys, waters, canyons, etc.

Feldberg: highest mountain 1493 m
THE TYPICAL GERMAN BIKE
TOURIST
- Is middle aged or older
- Lives in a partnership without children
- Has an above average income
- Spends his bike holidays in Nordrhein
Westfalen
AGE GROUPS OF GERMAN BICYCLE
TOURISTS 4% 4%
13%
16%
14-19 years
20-29 years
30-39 years
19%
19%
40-49years
50-59 years
60-69years
70 plus years
25%
Ancestry of bicycle tourism in Germany
95 % from Germany
5% from abroad (mostly tourists from the
Netherlands and from Switzerland
BICYCLE HOLIDAYS IN GERMANY
Has a road system
of about 75000
km
ECONOMIC FACTOR BICYCLE
TOURISM
The total capacity of bicycle tourism amounts annually
to:
153 Millions Bicycle travels
22 Millions Accommodations concerning bicycle
tourism
Costs of a bicycle tourist attain up to 64,60 € per day
In which he spends at least 40,00 € for the
accommodation/hotel
Yippee, I can
milk!
Where do
you come
from?
FARM HOLIDAYS
- general facts

about 2,1 million of German tourists per year

rising tendency

main guests:
◦ families with children
◦ couples up to and over 50 years
◦ grandparents with grandchildren
about 25.000 farms in Germany
advantage for them: in parts a considerable
additional earning
Part of the touristic branch in the whole revenue
2009
35%
29%
30%
25%
Farms

23%
23%
20%
15%
11%
13%
10%
5%
0%
< 10 %
10 - 24 %
25 - 49 %
Part of revenue
50 - 74 %
> 75 %
FARM HOLIDAYS
- general facts


85% report on an at least stable, but mostly
better utilisation of their appartments and guest
beds in 2009 compared to the previous year
3/4 classify the economic development of the
tourism sector on their own farm as good or
very good
FARM HOLIDAYS
- general facts


about 1.200 farms own the DLG-quality label
„Farm holiday“
regularly checked by neutral specialists

often specialisation in certain target groups and
consequently in certain offers
Leisure time facilities on the farms
guided farm tour
53%
shopping facilities
35%
sport offers
34%
adventure offers
33%
gastronomy
27%
health/ wellness
21%
especially for schools
17%
other
19%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Farms
40%
50%
60%
4. BEST PRACTISE: NATURAL
RESORT BLACK FOREST
GENERAL FACTS ABOUT THE
NATURAL RESORT SCHWARZWALD
In Germany:
-101 Natural parks
In Baden-Wuerttemberg :
-7 Natural parks
GENERAL FACTS ABOUT THE
NATURAL PARK SCHWARZWALD


6 June 1956: Programme to establish 25 Natural
Parks
Objective: to preserve 5 % of the old Federal
Republic of Germany from larger damage and
destruction
DEFINITION
Natural Park:
- legally protected, rurally shaped area
- spacious territories, mainly landscape and
protected areas
DEFINITION
In the Black Forest there are 2 Natural Parks:
- the Natural Park Schwarzwald Mitte/Nord
- the Natural Park Suedschwarzwald
NATURAL PARK SCHWARZWALD
MITTE/NORD
-GENERAL FACTS
 Foundation:
December 2000
 Size:
approx. 3,750 km²
 Inhabitants:
approx. 700,000
NATURAL PARK SÜDSCHWARZWALD
- GENERAL FACTS
 Foundation:
 Original size:
 2005:
 Inhabitants:
2 February 1999
3,330 km²
extension up to 3,700 km²
550,000
AIMS
Superordinate target
1. Preservation of landscape and nature
2. Improvement of tourism and
infrastructure
Other aims:
• Preservation of character and variety of
nature, animals and plants
• Improvement of leisure facilities for tourists
• Advancement of the traditional agriculture
• Rural conservation
• Preservation of the forest-role
• Advancement of the local
Identity
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Fields of activities: out of economical, ecological
and social fields:
 Nature and landscape
 agriculture
 Forest management and wild-animal
management
 Settlement development, energy and traffic
 recreation, tourism and sport
ADVANCEMENT
Focal points 2010:
1. Commercializing of local
products
2. Keeping the landscape „open“,
rural conservation
3. Public relation
4. Environmental and nature
education
5. Sustainable , ecologically
compatible projects of tourism
FLORA AND FAUNA
Animals
•
Endangered animals
•
Symbol = capercaillie
•
Habitat: forest, river, biotope
BAREFOOT PARK



basic idea: experience the
nature by feeling different
grounds
Kneippism
„Park mit allen Sinnen“
(Gutach 2004)

way through to greenfield

stations for hearing / feeling
Thanks for your attention!
¡Muchas gracias por su atención!
Köszönöm a figyelmet !