C# and .NET programming – introduction 1
Introduction
A course in C# and .NET programming
Associated book:
C# and .NET Programming for
Engineers, John Allwork,
Publisher: Elektor, 2009,
ISBN: 978-0-905705-81-1
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 2
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Introduction, Development environment
User Interface, controls
– Properties and events
Dialogs and forms
C# language – basics
C# language – arrays and strings
C# language -program flow
Object Oriented programming – Methods
Object Oriented programming – Classes
File handling
Multimedia & Graphs
© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 3
Debugging
Run-time placement
Threads
Internet communication
Databases – Introduction and displaying
Databases – Creating
Databases – Accessing from code
Plotting
DLL and API
Hardware interfacing - USB interface
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 4
Software – Visual C# 2008
Download from Microsoft
http://www.microsoft.com/express/download/default.aspx
Free but slightly limited version
Also install SQL 2008 – used for databases
Register the product
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 5
Development environment
We will create Windows applications
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 6
Design environment:
Solution explorer
Menus
Form
Code editor
Toolbar
messages
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Properties/events
window
© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 7
The Form – Most important - place controls – the UI.
Display by clicking Form1.cs [Design] tab
Form
Textbox
Button
Label
Listbox
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 8
The Toolbox –
Grouped by task
Contains controls
Common controls are:
Buttons,
Textboxes,
Labels,
Radio buttons
etc.
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 9
The Properties / Events window
Properties
Each control has properties – e.g.
Name
Position (top and left)
Size (height and width)
Text
Description of property
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 10
The Properties / Events window
Events
Events – happen to controls
e.g:
Button click
KeyPress
MouseMove
MouseDown
Others – Form load
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 11
The Code Editor – where you enter your code
Double-click object to enter code
Some added for you – do not delete
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 12
Your First C# Program
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Run C#, start a new Project, > Windows
Application and call it ‘Hello world’
Save the project. Select File>Save All.
Display the form (click form1.cs[Design] tab).
Add button (drag and drop) from Toolbox to form
© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 13
Change the button’s text display (a property).
Display the properties window,
Scroll to the Text property, type in ‘Hello world’
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 14
Place TextBox and label to form
Change label’s caption property to ‘My First C# Program’.
Form looks like:
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 15
Run program – not much happens. Close it.
Double-click button to add code for button
click
Add code:
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textBox1.Text="Hello world";
© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 16
Run program, click button.
‘Hello World’ is displayed –
Your first C# program !
Note use dot notation to access property
C# is case sensitive
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – introduction 17
Summary
Free software from Microsoft
 Development environment
 Form, Code editor, Toolbox,
properties/event window
 Drag/drop controls (buttons) to form
 Double-click to add code
 First program
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 18
Topics
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Adding methods to class
Static classes – available to all objects
Overriding default methods
Inheritance
Protected declaration
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 19
Methods
Add method Move
Move Point one place in X and Y direction
Code:
public void Move( )
// declare public
{
_x++;
// move X by one
_y++;
// move Y by one
} // end move
Use:
myPoint.Move( );
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 20
Method overloading
Add second Move method
– pass distance to move
public void Move(int Xdistance, int Ydistance)
{
_x = _x + Xdistance;
_y = _y + Ydistance;
}
Use both:
myPoint.Move(12,34);
myPoint.Move( );
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// pass X and Y
// one unit in X and Y
© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 21
IntelliSense knows about both:
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 22
Static Classes
- don’t have to be instantiated.
‘Distance from Origin’ example of this
– available to all objects
Code:
class Calculate // pass x,y return distance
{
public static double DistanceToOrigin(int x, int y)
{
return Math.Sqrt(x * x + y * y);
}
}
Use:
distance = Calculate.DistanceToOrigin (myPoint.X, myPoint.Y);
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 23
More useful ToString method ?
- Override default ToString method
Add code:
public override string ToString( )
{
return "My Point Object is at : " + _x + “," + _y;
}
Use:
MessageBox.Show(MyPoint.ToString( ));
Displays: ‘My Point Object is at : 123,456’
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 24
Inheritance
Take a class and extend
Seen this when we create our Form:
public partial class Form1 : Form
Let’s create Circle Class from our Point Class
Can add radius and area
Code: public Circle : Point
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 25
Add new class Circle:
(Project > Add class)
Call it Circle, code:
class Circle : Point
{
}
Can now create a circle:
Circle smallcircle = new Circle( );
Because we are using existing code, it’s more
reliable
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 26
Extend – define radius
Constructors:
class Circle : Point
{
private double _radius;
// internal – private
public Circle( )
{
}
public Circle(int xValue, int yValue, double radius)
{
_x = xValue;
// _x and _y now declared protected in Point class
// still private to outside world
_y = yValue;
_radius = radius;
}
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 27
// add property - radius – use get and set
public double radius
{
get
{
return _radius;
}
set
{
if (value >= 0)
_radius = value;
}
}
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 28
Extend further
Add method – Area:
// method Area
public double area( )
{
return Math.PI * _radius * _radius;
}
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 29
Override ToString method:
public override string ToString()
{
return "Circle at x,"+_x+" y,"+_y+
"radius,"+_radius;
}
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 30
Use:
Circle smlCircle = new Circle( );
Circle largeCircle = new Circle(12, 34, 56);
smlCircle.X = 98;
smlCircle.Y = 87;
smlCircle.Radius = 10;
MessageBox.Show(smlCircle.ToString( ));
MessageBox.Show(largeCircle.ToString( ));
MessageBox.Show
(smlCircle.area( ).ToString( ));
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 31
Summary:
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Adding methods
Static classes – available to all objects
Overriding default methods
Inheritance – extend class
Protected declaration
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 32
Topics:
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Serial port
Parallel port
API DLLs
USB
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USB Module
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 33
Serial Port control
Non-visual control.
Properties:
• BaudRate: 9600,
• DataBits: 8,
• Parity: None,
• PortName: COM1,
• StopBits: One.
Main event: DataReceived
Occurs when data is received from the port
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C# and .NET programming – Hardware 34
Needs: using System.IO.Ports;
Set properties
serialPort1.BaudRate = 9600;
serialPort1.DataBits = 8;
serialPort1.Parity =
(Parity)Enum.Parse(typeof(Parity), "None");
serialPort1.StopBits =
(StopBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(StopBits), "One");
Open device
serialPort1.Open();
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 35
Send and receive data
serialPort1.WriteLine(textBox1.Text);
listBox1.Items.Add(serialPort1.ReadLine());
Or use DataReceived event
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 36
e.g:
private void serialPort1_DataReceived
(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
listBox1.Items.Add(serialPort1.ReadLine());
}
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C# and .NET programming – Hardware 37
Parallel interface.
One way of getting digital I/O.
Data register: Bits 0-7 data
Status Register: Bits: 0-2 not used, 3-Error, 4-Select, 5paper out, 6-acknowledge, 7 busy.
Control Register: Bits: 0 strobe, 1-Auto-feed, 2-initialise,
3-select, 4-IRQ enable, 5-7 not used
Base address (data register) is at 0x378
Status and control at 0x379 and 0x37A.
Eight outputs
Only status register bits are guaranteed inputs
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 38
Accessing the parallel port
Use inpout32.dll - Lake View Research (www.lvr.com).
Provides direct read and write of the I/O
[DllImport("inpout32.dll", EntryPoint = "Out32")]
public static extern void Output(int adress, int value);
[DllImport("inpout32.dll", EntryPoint = "Inp32")]
public static extern int Input(int address);
Use:
Output(port, data);
temp = Input(port);
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// writes data to port
// read port, puts data in temp
© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 39
USB interfacing
Most popular way of interfacing to the PC.
Complete design involves:
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Hardware / USB interface
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PC drivers
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Understanding protocol and hardware
limitations
Difficult
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 40
The USB interface - 1
USB 2.0 three modes of operation:
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High speed (480 Mbits/s),
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Full speed (12 Mbits/s) and
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Low speed (1.5 Mbits/s).
Device indicates its speed by pulling
D+ or D- data line high.
Power can be taken from USB bus
– but strict limitations
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 41
The USB interface – 2
The host controls the bus
- initiates & controls all messages
Up to 127 devices on the bus
- a device may not run at its full speed.
USB Connectors:
The A-type is exclusively for a host
B-types are for connection to slaves.
Smaller B-type for small devices such as mobile
phones and digital cameras.
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 42
USB interfacing
Many manufacturers make USB / I/O modules
One is from DLP design: DLP-245PB-G
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 43
The module features - 1:
USB 1.0 and 2.0 compatible –
communication at up to 2Mbits/s
18 digital I/O lines (6 as A/D inputs)
Programmable Microchip 16F877A PIC
Pre-programmed code to interface to USB
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C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 44
The module features - 2:
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Code provides access to:
I/O (analogue and digital)
EEPROM and
external digital temperature sensors
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Access to the PIC data bus for further
expansion.
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No in-depth knowledge of USB hardware or
software is required
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40-pin DIL pin-out: further expansion is easy.
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 45
Using the module
Install drivers and DLL – can then use from C#
Can read and write directly to I/O
Need to understand protocol
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 46
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork
C# and .NET programming – Hardware 47
Summary
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Serial port
Parallel port
API DLLs
USB
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USB Module
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© 2009 Elektor International Media
C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork