Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution
1700-1755 (Ch. 5 and 6)
As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial
America during the eighteenth century
A. a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power
between the colonies and the mother country.
B. the British government was pleased that more workers
would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in
Britain.
C. the need for slave labor declined.
D. the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the
goods that they needed to survive.
E. the British government granted greater autonomy to
colonial governments.
As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial
America during the eighteenth century
A. a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power
between the colonies and the mother country.
B. the British government was pleased that more workers
would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in
Britain.
C. the need for slave labor declined.
D. the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the
goods that they needed to survive.
E. the British government granted greater autonomy to
colonial governments.
KNOW YOUR REGIONS
• New England
(Northern: Mass, RI,
Conn., New Ham.
• Middle: Penn, NY, NJ,
Delaware.
• South: Virginia,
Maryland, North Car.,
South Car., Georgia
The
Chesapeake
(Virginia and
Maryland)
Outline of our Discussion (your cues):
 Chapter 5 (1700-1776)







Review: Where did the colonies come from?
New Ethnicities Bring New Issues
Social Class in the New World
The Great Awakening: Religion in the 18th Century
Education in the Colonies
Culture and Folkways
The Press and Politics
 Chapter 6
 France and New France
 The French and Indian War
 Uh Oh… Colonials become Restless…like you pesky
teenagers
Growth of America?
Jamestown & Plymouth?
1607-1700
Growth of the colonies to
1776?
A Little Review to Help the Brain
 Remember the Colonies:
 New England
▪ Religious : Intolerant and
Puritanical (leading to
Congregational)
▪ Political: Town Meetings,
Majority Rule, Mayflower
Compact
▪ Economic: Diversification,
shipping, lumber, fish,
subsistence ag.
The population growth of the American
colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
white immigration from Europe.
the natural fertility of Native Americans.
the importation of slaves from Africa.
the influx of immigrants from Latin America.
the natural fertility of all Americans.
The population growth of the American
colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
white immigration from Europe.
the natural fertility of Native Americans.
the importation of slaves from Africa.
the influx of immigrants from Latin America.
the natural fertility of all Americans.
A Little Review to Help the Brain
 Remember the Colonies:
 Middle Colonies:
▪ Religious: Diversity,
toleration, Quaker Haven
▪ Political: Representative
Assemblies
▪ Economic: Rich soil
produced grain, shipping
and commercial centers in
the cities
A Little Review to Help the Brain
 Remember the
Colonies:
 Southern Colonies:
▪ Religious: Anglican
Church
▪ Political: Ruled by
Aristocratic Elite
(Slavocracy)
▪ Economic: Focused
on Cash Crops
(Tobacco, Rice,
Indigo)
Slavery
• Northern and Middle Colonies:
– Domestic Servants, Urban Slaves
– Little agricultural slaves
– Merchants and traders profiting from
the slave trade.
• Southern Colonies:
– Upper South – Tobacco
(poor man’s crop), gang system (Slaves
developed more Euro-African American
Culture)
– Lower South – Rice (rich man’s crop), task
system (Slaves retained more African
Traditions)
Slave Rebellions
• Resistance:
– Runaways
• Florida and the cities (why
Florida?)
– NYC Slave Revolt 1712
• 1st in British North America
– Stono Rebellion 1739
• South Carolina
• Largest pre-Revolutionary
War revolt
• Put down by white militia
When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict
or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities
A. applauded the efforts.
B. vetoed such efforts.
C. allowed only South Carolina's legislation to
stand.
D. viewed such colonial actions as morally
callous.
E. did nothing.
When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict
or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities
A. applauded the efforts.
B. vetoed such efforts.
C. allowed only South Carolina's legislation to
stand.
D. viewed such colonial actions as morally
callous.
E. did nothing.
The average age of the American
colonists in 1775 was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30.
27.
25.
20.
16.
The average age of the American
colonists in 1775 was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30.
27.
25.
20.
16.
South
Carolina
IMMIGRANTS AND ETHNICITIES
CHANGES 1700 TO 1763
Immigrants and Ethnicities
• Talking about VOLUNTARY
Immigrants (not involuntary slaves)
• Reasons for Immigration:
–
–
–
–
–
Chance to own land (do they?)
Greater social mobility (always?)
Religious freedom (everywhere?)
Lower taxes & Material Goods
Better diet (MORE MEAT!)
An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker
oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bacon's Rebellion.
March of the Paxton Boys.
Regulator Movement.
Shays' Rebellion.
Oligarchy Revolution
An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker
oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bacon's Rebellion.
March of the Paxton Boys.
Regulator Movement.
Shays' Rebellion.
Oligarchy Revolution.
Immigrant Groups
 Immigration also
contributed to
population growth in
the 18th century.
 English and Welsh
were still important,
but other European
groups arrive (Esp.
the Middle Colonies)
25
In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection
against eastern domination of the colony's affair was known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bacon's Rebellion.
March of the Paxton Boys.
Regulator Movement.
Shays' Rebellion.
Whiskey Rebellion.
In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection
against eastern domination of the colony's affair was known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bacon's Rebellion.
March of the Paxton Boys.
Regulator Movement.
Shays' Rebellion.
Whiskey Rebellion.
Diversity through Immigration
28
More Immigrants Causes Complexity
• Booming
immigrant
population
calls for
more cheap
land…
• Where
(who?) do
they get it
from?
• Isolation on the
frontier
– Scots-Irish
• Confrontation with
the Natives
• Need of
“protection” causes
growth of militias
(ready made army…
kinda)
• East vs. west land
conflicts
• Paxton Boys
Discussion Question:
• How does the rising diversity in Ethnicity and
Immigration affect colonial identity?
By 1775, the ____ were the largest nonEnglish ethnic group in colonial America
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Africans
Germans
West Indians
Scots-Irish
Irish
By 1775, the ____ were the largest nonEnglish ethnic group in colonial America
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Africans
Germans
West Indians
Scots-Irish
Irish
SOUTHERN Social Class: Rise of the Elites
Aristocrats: Leading Planters, Merchants,
Lawyers, Officials, Clergymen
Lesser Professional Men
Small
Landowning
Farmers
Lesser Tradesmen, Manual Laborers, Hired Hands
Indentured Servants and Jailbirds
SLAVES
The Irish
Discussion Questions:
• Was there greater social mobility in the
English colonies? What contributed to this
social mobility?
• What was a major impediment to the idea of
social mobility in the English colonies? Why?
The riches created by the growing slave
population in the American South
A. were distributed evenly among whites.
B. helped to narrow the gap between rich and
poor.
C. created a serious problem with inflation.
D. were not distributed evenly among whites.
E. enabled poor whites to escape tenant
farming.
The riches created by the growing slave
population in the American South
A. were distributed evenly among whites.
B. helped to narrow the gap between rich and
poor.
C. created a serious problem with inflation.
D. were not distributed evenly among whites.
E. enabled poor whites to escape tenant
farming.
Whitefield
RELIGION AND THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
Charles
Finney
Mr. Finney
The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was ____,
whereas ____ was the least ethnically diverse.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
New England, the South
the middle colonies, the South
the South, New England
the middle colonies, New England
the frontier regions, New England
The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was ____,
whereas ____ was the least ethnically diverse.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
New England, the South
the middle colonies, the South
the South, New England
the middle colonies, New England
the frontier regions, New England
Religion
Name of Religion
Number of Members
Chief Location
Congregationalist
575,000
New England
Anglicans
500,000
N.Y, Southern Colonies
Presbyterians
410,000
Frontier (West)
German Churches
(Including Lutherans)
200,000
Pennsylvania
Dutch Reformed
75,000
N.Y., N.J.
Quakers
40,000
Pennsylvania, N.J.,
Delaware
Baptists
25,000
R.I., Penn, N.J., Del.
Roman Catholics
25,000
Maryland, Penn
Methodist
5,000
Scattered throughout
Jews
2,000
N.Y., R.I.
TOTAL MEMBERSHIP
1,857,000
TOTAL POPULATION
2,493,000
% of Population that were
Members
74%
Religion Continued
Tax Supported (Established) Churches, 1775
Colonies
Church
Date of Disestablishment
Massachusetts
Congregationalist
1833
Connecticut
Congregationalist
1818
New Hampshire
Congregationalist
1819
Rhode Island
NONE
New York
Anglican (Only in NYC)
New Jersey
NONE
Pennsylvania
NONE
Delaware
NONE
Maryland
Anglican
1777
Virginia
Anglican
1786
North Carolina
Anglican
1776
South Carolina
Anglican
1778
Georgia
Anglican
1777
1777
In contrast to the seventeenth century, by
1775, colonial Americans
A. had become more stratified into social
classes and had less social mobility.
B. had all but eliminated poverty.
C. found that it was easier for ordinary people
to acquire land.
D. had nearly lost their fear of slave rebellion.
E. had few people who owned small farms.
In contrast to the seventeenth century, by
1775, colonial Americans
A. had become more stratified into social
classes and had less social mobility.
B. had all but eliminated poverty.
C. found that it was easier for ordinary people
to acquire land.
D. had nearly lost their fear of slave rebellion.
E. had few people who owned small farms.
The Enlightenment
• Rule of reason and logic
• Scientific Method
• Philosophy that attempts to
explain the earth through
human endeavors
• Creation of Deism
– Superior being created
Universe, universe is guided by
logical principles
• Many founding fathers were
followers of the Enlightenment
and Deism
– Jefferson, Washington, Franklin
God as the “watchmaker”
The Great Awakening:
A Reaction to the Enlightenment
Jonathan Edwards
The “New Lights”
Ron Weasley
Great Awakening (in 3 Parts)
• Jonathon Edwards – “Sinners in the
Hands of an Angry God”
– Anti-Arminianism (unconditional
salvation vs. conditional salvation)
– Helps orchestrated George Whitefield
• George Whitefield
–
–
–
–
Conversion through emotion
Frontier, itinerant preacher
Preaches to the Poor
“New lights”
• John Wesley
– Methodist (reform religion – anti-slavery,
prison reform, temperance)
– Embraced Arminianism
– (Faith leads to election)
Effects of the Great Awakening
• Short Term:
– Americans become more
emotional
– Churches split over
revivals (new
denominations)
– More powerful amongst
the Frontiersmen (poor
people)
– More disunity between
the colonies
Effects of the Great Awakening
• Long Term:
– Inspired criticism of
colonial society
– Breaks down localism
• First mass movement that
spread over all of the
colonies
– Methodists, Baptists,
Presbys grow…
Anglicans, Catholics, and
Quakers shrink.
Scots-Irish
Discussion Question
• How did the printing press change American
society?
Benjamin Franklin
The First “American”
 Born in Boston
(moved to Philly)
 Inventor, Scientist,
Printer
 Early career: satires
of N.E. under the
pseudonym Silence
Dogooder
 Later career: Poor
Richard’s Almanack
 Respected diplomat,
author, philosopher
On the eve of the American Revolution, social and
economic mobility decreased, partly because
A. some merchants made huge profits as
military suppliers.
B. of peacetime economic developments.
C. fewer yeoman farmers were arriving from
Europe.
D. of the religious impact of the Puritans.
E. of the increase in the slave trade.
On the eve of the American Revolution, social and
economic mobility decreased, partly because
A. some merchants made huge profits as
military suppliers.
B. of peacetime economic developments.
C. fewer yeoman farmers were arriving from
Europe.
D. of the religious impact of the Puritans.
E. of the increase in the slave trade.
Things you didn’t
know Benjamin
Franklin invented
Words of Poor Richard
A Flatterer never seems absurd
The Flattered always takes his Word
Beware of meat twice boil’d
and an old foe reconcil’d
He’s the best physician that knows
the worthlessness of most medicines
• Phyllis Wheatley
Art and Artists
– Former Slave
– Poet
• John Trumbull
– Painter
• Charles Willson Peale
– Painter
– Washington’s portrait
• Benjamin West
• John Singleton
Copley
– Painters
– Loyalists
Most had to go
to England and
Europe to
become famous
artists and train
Match each individual on the left
with his or her talent.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A-2, B-1, C-3
A-1, B-3, C-2
A-3, B-2, C-1
A-1, B-2, C-3
A-2, B-3, C-1
A. Jonathan Edwards
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Phillis Wheatley
1.
2.
3.
4.
poet
scientist
theologian
portrait artist
Match each individual on the left
with his or her talent.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A-2, B-1, C-3
A-1, B-3, C-2
A-3, B-2, C-1
A-1, B-2, C-3
A-2, B-3, C-1
A. Jonathan Edwards
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Phillis Wheatley
1.
2.
3.
4.
poet
scientist
theologian
portrait artist
The Great Awakening
A. a. undermined the prestige of the learned clergy
in the colonies.
B. b. split colonial churches into several competing
denominations.
C. c. led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth,
and Rutgers colleges.
D. d. was the first spontaneous mass movement of
the American people.
E. e. All of these
The Great Awakening
A. a. undermined the prestige of the learned clergy
in the colonies.
B. b. split colonial churches into several competing
denominations.
C. c. led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth,
and Rutgers colleges.
D. d. was the first spontaneous mass movement of
the American people.
E. e. All of these
In colonial America, education was
most zealously promoted
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
in the South.
in New England.
on the frontier.
in the middle colonies.
in those areas controlled by Spain.
In colonial America, education was
most zealously promoted
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
in the South.
in New England.
on the frontier.
in the middle colonies.
in those areas controlled by Spain.
The first American college free from
denominational control was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Harvard.
Yale.
New York University.
Brown University.
the University of Pennsylvania
The first American college free from
denominational control was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Harvard.
Yale.
New York University.
Brown University.
the University of Pennsylvania
Culture in colonial America
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
involved heavy investment in art.
was generally ignored and unappreciated.
showed its native creativity in architecture.
was always important to the colonists.
for a long time rejected any European
influence.
Culture in colonial America
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
involved heavy investment in art.
was generally ignored and unappreciated.
showed its native creativity in architecture.
was always important to the colonists.
for a long time rejected any European
influence.
The person most often called the
"first civilized American" was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Thomas Jefferson.
John Trumbull.
John Winthrop.
Phillis Wheatley.
Benjamin Franklin.
The person most often called the
"first civilized American" was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Thomas Jefferson.
John Trumbull.
John Winthrop.
Phillis Wheatley.
Benjamin Franklin.
The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a
newspaper printer, was significant because
A.
B.
C.
D.
he was found guilty.
it supported English law.
it pointed the way to freedom of the press.
the ruling prohibited criticism of political
officials.
E. it allowed the press to print irresponsible
criticisms of powerful people.
The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a
newspaper printer, was significant because
A.
B.
C.
D.
he was found guilty.
it supported English law.
it pointed the way to freedom of the press.
the ruling prohibited criticism of political
officials.
E. it allowed the press to print irresponsible
criticisms of powerful people.
By 1775, most governors of
American colonies were
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
appointed by colonial proprietors.
appointed by the king.
elected by popular vote.
elected by the vote of colonial legislatures.
appointed by the British Parliament.
By 1775, most governors of
American colonies were
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
appointed by colonial proprietors.
appointed by the king.
elected by popular vote.
elected by the vote of colonial legislatures.
appointed by the British Parliament.
In colonial elections
A. most eligible voters zealously exercised their right
to vote.
B. the right to vote was reserved for property
holders.
C. only a small landed elite had the right to vote.
D. average citizens were usually elected to office.
E. true democracy had arrived.
In colonial elections
A. most eligible voters zealously exercised their right
to vote.
B. the right to vote was reserved for property
holders.
C. only a small landed elite had the right to vote.
D. average citizens were usually elected to office.
E. true democracy had arrived.
Chapter 6
When Empires Clash!
Potential
problems?
During the seventeenth century America
established the precedent of
A. starting wars in Europe.
B. being somewhat involved in every world war
since 1688.
C. relying totally on the British for defense.
D. staying out of European wars totally.
During the seventeenth century America
established the precedent of
A. starting wars in Europe.
B. being somewhat involved in every world war
since 1688.
C. relying totally on the British for defense.
D. staying out of European wars totally.
During a generation of peace following the 1713
Treaty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American
colonies with
A.
B.
C.
D.
a large military presence for protection.
decades of salutary neglect.
many, higher taxes passed by Parliament.
all of the above.
During a generation of peace following the 1713
Treaty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American
colonies with
A.
B.
C.
D.
a large military presence for protection.
decades of salutary neglect.
many, higher taxes passed by Parliament.
all of the above.
King William’s & Queen Anne’s War – 2
different events
• English colonists
fought the French
coureurs de bois
beaver hunters)
and the Indians
Video: King William’s War
King William’s & Queen Anne’s War – 2
different events
• The peace deal in
Utrecht in 1713
gave Acadia,
Newfoundland,
and Hudson Bay
to England
Video: Queen Anne’s War
In the various World Wars before
1754, Americans
A. functioned as a unified fighting force.
B. received more support from France than
Britain.
C. demonstrated a lack of unity between
colonies
D. were not involved in combat.
In the various World Wars before
1754, Americans
A. functioned as a unified fighting force.
B. received more support from France than
Britain.
C. demonstrated a lack of unity between
colonies
D. were not involved in combat.
France was finally able to join in the
scramble for colonies in the New World as
a result of the
A. Protestant takeover of the French
government.
B. end of the religious wars.
C. revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
D. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
France was finally able to join in the
scramble for colonies in the New World as
a result of the
A. Protestant takeover of the French
government.
B. end of the religious wars.
C. revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
D. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
British Territory after Two Wars, 1713
Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars,
the French and Indian War
A. did not affect American colonists' attitudes
toward England.
B. was fought initially on the North American
continent.
C. united British colonists in strong support of
the mother country
D. won the British territorial concessions.
Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars,
the French and Indian War
A. did not affect American colonists' attitudes
toward England.
B. was fought initially on the North American
continent.
C. united British colonists in strong support of
the mother country
D. won the British territorial concessions.
War of Jenkin’s Ear
• British Captain caught smuggling by Spanish
• Spanish cut off his ear and sent him home to
the King
• War broke out in 1739 between British and
Spanish
• Confined to Caribbean
Turns into War of Austrian Succession in
Europe
• Called King
George’s War in
the colonies
• France allied with
Spain
• Peace terms gave
Louisbourg back
to France
Video: King George’s War
Colonial Participation
• As four “world” wars were fought
the colonials participated when it
met their needs:
– Eng v. Spain = Ga and S.C.
– England v. France = Pa, Ve, NH, NY.
– Angered when lands they won were
given back to Fr. & Sp. In exchange for
Eng. Land lost in Europe.
North America in 1750
The climactic clash between Britain and France for
control of the North American continent sprang from
their rivalry for control of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cape Breton Island.
Ohio R. Valley
Mississippi River.
Great Lakes.
The climactic clash between Britain and France for
control of the North American continent sprang from
their rivalry for control of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cape Breton Island.
Ohio River Valley
Mississippi River.
Great Lakes.
1754  Another First Clash
The
Ohio Valley
British
Fort Necessity
* George Washington
French
Fort Duquesne
* Delaware & Shawnee
Indians
RUN
AWAY
We
Surrender
In his first military command in the French
and Indian War, George Washington
A.
B.
C.
D.
helped to force the French from Nova Scotia.
was defeated, but allowed to surrender.
received strong support from the British.
won at Fort Duquesne.
In his first military command in the French
and Indian War, George Washington
A.
B.
C.
D.
helped to force the French from Nova Scotia.
was defeated, but allowed to surrender.
received strong support from the British.
won at Fort Duquesne.
1754  Albany Plan of Union
• Two part plan
– Keep Iroquois on English side.
(partially successful)
– Create a combined NE government
(Total Failure, as Eng saw it as too
independent, and colonies as too
weak)
The immediate purpose of the
Albany Congress of 1754 was to
A. support George Washington's desire to head
the colonial militia.
B. prevent the French from attacking American
outposts.
C. keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British.
D. request the help of the British military
The immediate purpose of the
Albany Congress of 1754 was to
A. support George Washington's desire to head
the colonial militia.
B. prevent the French from attacking American
outposts.
C. keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British.
D. request the help of the British military
Albany Plan of Union
• Aware of the hard times that war could
put on the colonies, English officials
suggested a "union between ye Royal,
Proprietary & Charter Governments."
Some colonial leaders agreed and in
June 1754 delegates from most of the
northern colonies and representatives
from the Six Iroquois Nations met in
Albany, New York. They decided on a
"plan of union" drafted by Benjamin
Franklin. Under this plan each colonial
legislature would elect delegates to an
American continental assembly presided
over by a royal governor.
• First of all, Franklin anticipated many of the problems that
would beset the government created after independence, such
as finance, dealing with the Indian tribes, control of trade, and
defense.
• British officials realized that, if adopted, the plan could create a
very powerful government that His Majesty's Government
might not be able to control.
• The plan was rejected by the Crown and by the legislatures in
several of the colonies.
1755  Br. Decides to
Eliminate Fr. Presence
in No. Amer.
Gen. Edward Braddock  evict the
French from the OH Valley & Canada
(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)
A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,
& Acadia.
A
Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne 
by 1500 French and Indian forces.
Only Br. Success  expelled French
from Acadia.
CAJUNS
1756  War Is Formally
Declared!
Lord
Loudouin
Marquis
de Montcalm
Native American tribes
exploited both sides!
As a result of General Braddock's defeat a
few miles from Fort Duquesne,
A. General Braddock was forced to leave the
military
B. George Washington was left without a
military command.
C. the frontier from Pennsylvania to North
Carolina was open to Indian attack.
D. the British controlled the frontier.
As a result of General Braddock's defeat a
few miles from Fort Duquesne,
A. General Braddock was forced to leave the
military
B. George Washington was left without a
military command.
C. the frontier from Pennsylvania to North
Carolina was open to Indian attack.
D. the British controlled the frontier.
British-American
Colonial Tensions
Colonials
Methods of  Indian-style guerilla
tactics.
Fighting:
 Col. militias served
Military
Organization: under own captains.
British
 March in formation or
bayonet charge.
 Br. officers wanted to
take charge of colonials.
Military
Discipline:
 No mil. deference or
protocols observed.
 Drills & tough
discipline.
Finances:
 Resistance to rising
taxes.
 Colonists should pay
for their own defense.
Demeanor:
 Casual,
non-professionals.
 Prima Donna Br.
officers with servants
& tea settings.
The British invasion of Canada in 1756
during the French and Indian War
A.
B.
C.
D.
ended in British defeat.
concentrated on Quebec and Montreal.
followed sound strategic planning.
resulted in victory for Britain.
The British invasion of Canada in 1756
during the French and Indian War
A.
B.
C.
D.
ended in British defeat.
concentrated on Quebec and Montreal.
followed sound strategic planning.
resulted in victory for Britain.
1757  William Pitt
Becomes Foreign Minister
A
He understood colonial concerns.
A
He offered them a compromise:
- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br.
would reimburse col. assemblies for
their costs.
- Lord Loudoun would be removed.
RESULTS?  Colonial morale
increased by 1758.
1758-1761  The Tide
Turns for England
* By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.
1763  Treaty of Paris
France --> lost her Canadian possessions,
most of her empire in India, and claims
to lands east of the Mississippi River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of
the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but
lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in
Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean
slave trade, and commercial dominance
in India.
North America in 1763
Effects of the War
on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in
the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials
created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that a
major reorganization of her
American Empire was necessary!
With the end of the French and Indian War, the
disunity jealousy and suspicion that had long
existed amongst the American colonials
A.
B.
C.
D.
resulted in renewed acts of violence.
finally came to a complete end.
continued without change.
began to melt somewhat.
With the end of the French and Indian War, the
disunity jealousy and suspicion that had long
existed amongst the American colonials
A.
B.
C.
D.
resulted in renewed acts of violence.
finally came to a complete end.
continued without change.
began to melt somewhat.
Effects of the War on the
American Colonials
1. It united them against a
common enemy for the first
time.
2. It created a socializing
experience for all the
colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings
towards the British that
would only intensify.
The Aftermath: Tensions
Along the Frontier
1763  Pontiac’s
Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British “gifts” of smallpox-infected
blankets from Fort Pitt.
Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
BACKLASH!
British  Proclamation
Line of 1763.
Colonials  Paxton Boys (PA)
Rethinking Their Empire
Br. Gvt. measures to prevent
smuggling:
A
1761  writs of assistance
 James Otis’ case
 Protection of a citizen’s
private property must be
held in higher regard
than a parliamentary
statute.
 He lost  parliamentary
law and custom had equal
weight.