General Chemistry
Bell Ringers
Semester 2
Write 3 sentences minimum about the following chapter
objectives. You may write all 3 about one objective. You
may write one sentence for each. You could also choose a
combination of the objectives in any order to total
your 3 sentences.
Objectives
1. To describe Rutherford’s model of the atom
2. To explore the nature of electromagnetic radiation
3. To see how atoms emit light
Write 3 sentences minimum about the following chapter
objectives. You may write all 3 about one objective. You
may write one sentence for each. You could also choose a
combination of the objectives in any order to total
your 3 sentences.
Objectives
1. To understand how the emission spectrum of hydrogen
demonstrates the quantized nature of energy
2. To learn about Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom
3. To understand how the electron’s position is represented
in the wave mechanical model
Write 3 sentences minimum about the following chapter
objectives. You may write all 3 about one objective. You
may write one sentence for each. You could also choose a
combination of the objectives in any order to total
your 3 sentences.
Objectives
1. To learn about the shapes of the s, p and d orbitals
2. To review the energy levels and orbitals of the wave
mechanical model of the atom
3. To learn about electron spin
Write 3 sentences minimum about the following chapter
objectives. You may write all 3 about one objective. You
may write one sentence for each. You could also choose a
combination of the objectives in any order to total
your 3 sentences.
Objectives
1. To understand how the principal energy levels fill with
electrons in atoms beyond hydrogen
2. To learn about valence electrons and core electrons
3. To learn about the electron configurations of atoms with
Z < 18
4. To understand the general trends in properties in the
periodic table
Bell Ringer
Sketch a periodic table shape in your learning
log…Write the s,p,d and f in the areas of the
table they are found.
Bell Ringer
What is the period of the element Si?
Is it in the s,p,d, or f?
What is the noble gas that comes before it?
Using these three answers…Write the electron
configuration the long way and the noble gas
configuration (short way) for Silicon.
Bell Ringer
Where would you find the most reactive
nonmetal and metal on the periodic table?
Think about the number of valence electrons
they have and how close they are to the surface
for bonding. Why does this make sense?
Bell Ringer
Quiz sneak peak…
How many valence electrons does Boron have?
What is the charge of a P?
Is K in the s,p,d or f block?
Bell Ringer
Chapter 11 Test Today…
Pick up our remote. Have your periodic table out
& calculator is you want.
Good Luck!
Write 3 sentences minimum about the following
chapter objectives. You may write all 3 about one
objective. You may write one sentence for each. You
could also choose a combination of the objectives in
any order to total
your 3 sentences.
Objectives
1. To learn about ionic and covalent bonds and explain
how they are formed
2. To learn about the polar covalent bond
3. To understand the nature of bonds and their
relationship to electronegativity
4. To understand bond polarity and how it is related to
molecular polarity
Write 3 sentences minimum about the following
chapter objectives. You may write all 3 about one
objective. You may write one sentence for each. You
could also choose a combination of the objectives in
any order to total
your 3 sentences.
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
To learn about stable electron configurations
To learn to predict the formulas of ionic compounds
To learn about the structures of ionic compounds
To understand factors governing ionic size
Write 3 sentences minimum about the following
chapter objectives. You may write all 3 about one
objective. You may write one sentence for each. You
could also choose a combination of the objectives in
any order to total
your 3 sentences.
Objectives
1. To learn to write Lewis structures
2. To learn to write Lewis structures for
molecules with multiple bonds
Bell Ringer
Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for N2…Note that
it will have more than just single bonds.
Be ready to share with your neighbor and then
one volunteer will draw this for the class.
Bell Ringer
How many valance electrons would the following
have?
Ca
B
O
Cl
The elements above form 1,2, or 3 bonds each.
Label each with the number of bonds it will form.
Write 3 sentences minimum about the following
chapter objectives. You may write all 3 about one
objective. You may write one sentence for each. You
could also choose a combination of the objectives in
any order to total
your 3 sentences.
Objectives
1. To understand molecular structure and bond angles
2. To learn to predict molecular geometry from the
number of electron pairs
3. To learn to apply the VSEPR model to molecules with
double bonds
Bell Ringer
Pick One at your ability level…
Practice Drawing the Lewis Dot Structures for:
Just Learning to Swim- HCl
Got My Wings-O2
Master of the Universe- CH2O
Bell Ringer
Math and Science use many of the same
language…
Write a short definition of what linear, tri,
planar, tetrahedral, and pyramid mean.
Be PREPARED…You will be sharing these with a
classmate and then the class.
Bell Ringer
A student argues that the molecules H2Se has a
linear molecular structure.
Is this student correct or incorrect? You will
need to draw out its Lewis Dot Structure and
look at page 431 for reference of VESPR shapes.
Be ready to share this with our table partner
and then vote with the class.
Bell Ringer
Break out your Periodic Tables and remotes for
the C12 test…While waiting, make this final
entry in our Learning Log for this unit:
True or False: Carbon dioxide has 2 pairs of
shared and 2 pairs of unshared electrons.
I will be looking for a volunteer to draw this
image on the board for us.
Bell Ringer
Think LITTLE!!!
How does the Bottle Crush Demonstration you
are about to see work?
Write 5 sentences explaining the energy, space
and what the molecules are doing to make the
bottle crush…
Bell Ringer
Use our conversion factor method to solve the
following Example: 10 g He x 1 mol He =
4 g He
How many torr are in 1.2 atm?
How many atm are 680 mm Hg?
How many Kpa is 2.56 atm?
Bell Ringer
If a student is asked to convert 1.75 atm into kPa
and mmHg, is the student correct if they
conclude that there are 177 kPa and 1300
mmHg? Justify your reasons…
Bell Ringer
A balloon with a volume of 2.0 L is filled with a
gas at 3 atmospheres. If the pressure is reduced
to 0.5 atmospheres without a change in
temperature, what would be the
volume of the balloon?
Bell Ringer
A 600 mL sample of nitrogen is heated from 27
°C to 77 °C at constant pressure.
What is the final volume?
Bell Ringer
Determine the pressure change when a constant
volume of gas at 1.00 atm is heated
from 20.0 °C to 30.0 °C.
Bell Ringer
2.00 L of a gas is collected at 25.0 °C and 745.0
mmHg. What is the volume at STP?
Bell Ringer
What volume of oxygen gas is needed to
produce 0.626 L of carbon dioxide gas? Assume
all volume measurements are made at the same
temperature and pressure.
C3H8 + O2  CO2 + H2O
Bell Ringer
A gas sample occupies 8.77 L at 20 degrees C.
What is the pressure in atm, given that there are
1.45 mol of gas in the sample?
Bell Ringer
Exam 13 is today…
Please have your Learning Log out for grading.
You will need your periodic table, remote and a
calculator.
Bell Ringer
Take your bell ringer page and divide it into the
following spaces:
Key Words I Heard
A Picture or Sketch from the Video
Intermolecular Forces
Minimum 3 Facts
A Question I Could Ask
Bell Ringer Link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8QsLUO_t
gQ
Fill out your grid. When complete, write a 11
sentence minimum paragraph about the
content of the video.
It will be graded with the WAC rubric.
Bell Ringer
Calculate the energy (in kJ) required to heat 35
grams of a liquid water from 20 degrees Celsius
to 100 degrees Celsius. The specific heat of
water is 4.18 J/gC, and the molar heat of
vaporization of water is 40.6 kJ/mol.
See page 496 for help…
Bell Ringer
Complete the following Chart:
Phase Change
Condensation
Sublimation
Deposition
Evaporation
Melting
Freezing
Energy Absorb or Released
Bell Ringer
How much energy is required to melt 10.5 grams
of ice at 0 degrees Celsius. The molar heat of
fusion for ice is 6.02 kJ/mol. See page 495 if
needed for reference.
Bell Ringer
Exam 14 is today…
Please have your Learning Log out for grading.
You will need your periodic table, remote and a
calculator.
Hg, Ag, Zn, & Cu Cation Lab Day!
Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs
Make the entry in the Table of Contents
Name
Period #
General Chemistry
Lab Book
1
Page Content
1
Table of Contents
2
Measurements
Lab
3-5
Separation of a
Mixture
7-9
Percentage of
Water
11-15 Flame Test Lab
17-19 Group IA & IIA
Cations
21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni
Cations Lab
25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu
Cations Lab
Bell Ringer
You will be continuing your lab on Hg, Ag, Zn
and Cu Cation identification. BEFORE you can
begin, your lab must be checked to ensure that
it has the following parts:
Questioning:
Predicting:
Procedure: (check for variables)
Safety:
Bell Ringer
This is your Unknown Identification portion of the
lab on Hg, Ag, Zn, & Cu Cation identification. Be
seated and ready for attendance before finishing
your lab. Remember that your final sections should
have the following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
Bell Ringer
This is your final day of the lab on Hg, Ag, Zn, &
Cu Cation identification. Be seated and ready for
attendance before finishing your lab. Remember
that your final sections should have the
following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
Additional Questions
1) Some cations can be manipulated into being
soluble. What can you do to force a metal or
partially soluble substance to dissolve.
2) What type of reaction are the reactions we
are studying…synthesis, decomposition,
single displacement or double displacement?
Bell Ringer
Draw a picture of a saturated and unsaturated
solutions of salt water…Who has the most salt?
Does the NaCl stay together?
Bell Ringer
A solution is prepared by mixing 2.00 g of
calcium chloride with 100.0 g of water. What is
the mass % of calcium chloride in this solution?
(don’t forget the TOTAL is 2.00 + 100.0)
Bell Ringer
What is the Molar Mass of Ca(OH)2
and C6,H12,O6?
If I have 41.0 grams of each…How many moles
of each do I have?
Bell Ringer
What is the molarity of a solution that has 12.5
g of NaCl and enough water added to
make 2.0 L of solution?
Bell Ringer
Is the following equation balanced?
Co(NO3)2  Co2+ + NO3If I have 3 moles of Co(NO3)2, would I be correct
if I said you could make 3 moles of NO3-?
Calcium Composition Lab Day!
Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs
Make the entry in the Table of Contents
Name
Period #
General Chemistry
Lab Book
1
Page Content
1
Table of Contents
2
Measurements
Lab
3-5
Separation of a
Mixture
7-9
Percentage of
Water
11-15 Flame Test Lab
17-19 Group IA & IIA
Cations
21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni
Cations Lab
25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu
Cations Lab
31-35 Calcium
Composition Lab
Bell Ringer
You will be continuing your lab on Calcium
Composition. BEFORE you can begin, your lab
must be checked to ensure that it has the
following parts:
Questioning:
Predicting:
Procedure: (check for variables)
Safety:
Bell Ringer
This is your final Calcium Composition Lab Day.
Be seated and ready for attendance before
finishing your lab. Remember that your final
sections should have the following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qual & Quant!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
Additional Questions
See the Analysis & Interpretation and
Conclusion sections:
Show all work in the additional questions
section but record as they instruct in
your data table.
Bell Ringer
What volume of 12 M sulfuric acid must be
used to prepare 1.25 L of
1.5 M sulfuric acid solution?
Bell Ringer
Exam 15 is today…
Please have your Learning Log out for grading.
You will need your periodic table, remote and a
calculator.
Bell Ringer
Compare and contract the Arrhenius and
Bronsted-Lowry concepts of acids and bases…Be
prepared to share at the end of the class period
with the class.
Bell Ringer
Balance the following reaction:
Zn + H2SO4  ZnSO4 + H2
Mg + O2  MgO
CaC2 + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
(CH3)2CHOH + O2  H2O + CO2
CuSO45H2O  CuSO4 + H2O
Bell Ringer
Calculate [H+] or [OH-] as required for each of
the following solution at 25 degrees Celsius,
state whether the solution is neutral, acidic or
basic.
1.0 x 10-3 OH1.0 x 10-8 OH-
Bell Ringer
Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] = 1.0 x 10-14 = 1.0 x 10-14 = 1.0 x 10-11
[OH-]
1.0 x 10-3
Note: [OH-] 1.0 x 10-3 is greater than [H+]
1.0 x 10-11 SOOOO It is basic
Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] = 1.0 x 10-14 = 1.0 x 10-14 = 1.0 x 10-6
[OH-]
1.0 x 10-8
Note: [OH-] 1.0 x 10-8 is greater than [H+]
1.0 x 10-6 SOOOO It is acid
Bell Ringer
What is the pOH of a solution that has a
pH of 8.1?
What is the [H+] of a solution that has a pH 7.6?
Bell Ringer
What is the pOH of a solution that has a
pH of 8.1?
pH + pOH = 14.00
pOH = 14.00 – pH
pOH = 14.00-8.1 = 5.9
What is the [H+] of a solution that has a pH 7.6?
-pH = -7.6
[H+] = inverse log (-7.6) = 5.00 x10-4
so…5.0 x10-4 is also the pH (2 sig figs)
Bell Ringer
If a student claims that you can mix 50 ml of
0.10 M of NaOH with 50 ml of a solution of 0.10
M Ca(OH)2 to neutralize them…would this work?
Bell Ringer
Determine the volume of 0.200 M NaOH needed
to titrate 75.0 ml of 0.300 M HCl?
Bell Ringer
What is a buffer solution?
Bell Ringer
What is a buffer solution?
A solution that resists a change in pH when
either an acid or a base are added.
Bell Ringer
Exam 16 is today…
Please have your Learning Log out for grading.
You will need your periodic table, remote and a
calculator.
Redox Lab Day!
Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs
Make the entry in the Table of Contents
Name
Period #
General Chemistry
Lab Book
1
Page Content
1
Table of Contents
2
Measurements
Lab
3-5
Separation of a
Mixture
7-9
Percentage of
Water
11-15 Flame Test Lab
17-19 Group IA & IIA
Cations
21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni
Cations Lab
25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu
Cations Lab
31-35 Calcium
Composition Lab
37-38 Redox Lab
Bell Ringer
Additional Question:
If you wanted to make 3 M NaOH…How would
you make it?
Bell Ringer
Describe how either increasing temperature or
adding a catalyst will increase the rate of a
chemical reaction. MINIUM 3 Sentences
Bell Ringer
Review the objectives below. Write a minimum of a FIVE
sentence response to one or more of the objectives.
1. To understand the collision model of chemical
reactions
2. To understand activation energy
3. To understand how a catalyst speeds up a chemical
reaction
4. To explore reactions with reactants or products in
different phases
5. To learn how equilibrium is established
6. To learn about the characteristics of chemical
equilibrium
Bell Ringer
Review the objectives below. Write a minimum of a
FIVE sentence response to one or more of
the objectives.
1. To understand the law of chemical equilibrium
2. To learn to calculate values for the equilibrium
constant
3. To understand how the presence of solids or
liquids affects the equilibrium expression
Bell Ringer
Review the objectives below. Write a minimum of a
FIVE sentence response to one or more of
the objectives.
1. To learn to predict the changes that occur when a
system at equilibrium is disturbed
2. To learn to calculate equilibrium concentrations
3. To learn to calculate the solubility product of a salt
4. To learn to calculate solubility from the solubility
product
Bell Ringer
You are given the formula…
K = [NH3]2
[N2][H2]3
Write this formula as the original chemical
equation that the reaction represents.
Bell Ringer
Today we are grading your End of Chapter
Questions and Learning Log. Please look at these
questions and decide as a class ONE question of
your choice to have me work out before grading.
Make it count 
Bell Ringer
Exam 17 is today…
Please have your Learning Log out for grading.
You will need your periodic table, remote and a
calculator.
Titration Lab Day!
Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs
Make the entry in the Table of Contents
Name
Period #
General Chemistry
Lab Book
1
Page Content
1
Table of Contents
2
Measurements
Lab
3-5
Separation of a
Mixture
7-9
Percentage of
Water
11-15 Flame Test Lab
17-19 Group IA & IIA
Cations
21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni
Cations Lab
25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu
Cations Lab
31-35 Calcium
Composition Lab
37-38 Redox Lab
39-41 Titration Lab
Bell Ringer
You will be continuing your lab on Titration.
BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be
checked to ensure that it has the following
parts:
Questioning:
Predicting:
Procedure: (check for variables)
Safety:
Bell Ringer
This is your final day for data collection. Be
seated and ready for attendance before finishing
your lab. Remember that your final sections
should have the following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative &
Quantitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
Additional Questions
1) When you added deionized water to the HCl
solution in the Erlenmeyer flask before titrating,
why did the addition of water not affect the results?
2) What characteristic of phenolphthalein made it
appropriate to use in this titration?
3) Could you have done the experiment without it?
4) How does phenolphthalein’s end point relate to
the equivelence point of reaction?
Bell Ringer
Describe what a Redox Reaction is…
Which reactant is being reduced and which is
being oxidized in the following reaction?
2 Mg + O2  2MgO
Bell Ringer
Choose one of the three example below. Be
ready to explain what the oxidation numbers are
on each of the elements it is composed of.
CO2
SF6
NO3-
Bell Ringer
What is the difference between a reducing agent
and oxidizing agent and reduction/oxidation?
Bell Ringer
Review the objectives below. Write a minimum of a
FIVE sentence response to one or more of
the objectives.
1. To understand oxidation and reduction in terms
of oxidation states
2. To learn to identify oxidizing and reducing agents
3. To learn to balance oxidation-reduction
equations using half reactions
Bell Ringer
Review the objectives below. Write a minimum
of a FIVE sentence response to one or more of
the objectives.
1. To understand the concept of
electrochemistry
2. To learn to identify the components of an
electrochemical (galvanic) cell
3. To learn about commonly used batteries
Bell Ringer
Review the objectives below. Write a minimum
of a FIVE sentence response to one or more of
the objectives.
1. To understand corrosion and ways of
preventing it
2. To understand electrolysis
3. To learn about the commercial preparation of
aluminum
Bell Ringer
Exam 18 is today…
Please have your Learning Log out for grading.
You will need your periodic table, remote and a
calculator.
Battery Cell Redox Lab Day!
Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs
Make the entry in the Table of Contents
Name
Period #
General Chemistry
Lab Book
1
Page Content
1
Table of Contents
2
Measurements
Lab
3-5
Separation of a
Mixture
7-9
Percentage of
Water
11-15 Flame Test Lab
17-19 Group IA & IIA
Cations
21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni
Cations Lab
25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu
Cations Lab
31-35 Calcium
Composition Lab
37-38 Redox Lab
39-41 Titration Lab
43-45 Battery Cell
Redox Lab
Bell Ringer
You will be continuing your lab on Battery Cell
Redox. BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be
checked to ensure that it has the following
parts:
Questioning:
Predicting:
Procedure: (check for variables)
Safety:
Bell Ringer
This is your final day for data collection. Be
seated and ready for attendance before finishing
your lab. Remember that your final sections
should have the following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative &
Quantitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
Bell Ringer
Practice for the Final Day…No time to play. Be
seated and ready for instructions.
Bell Ringer
Practice for the Final Day…No time to play. Be
seated and ready for instructions.
District Exam
Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure
that it is YOUR number. Begin testing
immediately.
You may use: Paper to show your work and a
Calculator. No Cell Phones!
Bell Ringer
Day 1 of 4 for our Calorimeter Lab
You will use a hand out to begin writing up our
Lab Log entry.
I. Procedures…detailed by simplified (should have
prediction prior to starting)
II. Safety-MSDS is a good resource
III. Data/Observation Table ready for collection
IN PEN…Partners are fine to this point
Lab Day 2 of 4 Data Collection
Before you can begin collecting data…you must
have your lab book entry preapproved.
I. Procedures-short and sweet but shouldn’t
need the manual to know how to do the lab.
WITH A Prediction!
II. Safety section for chemicals and equipment
we are using. MSDS is your BFF.
III. Data/Observations (begin after approval)
Lab Day 3 of 4
Final Day for Calorimeter Data Collection!
Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel
graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and
Additional Questions.
You will be submitting all 8 sections to me on Tuesday
after the break. Paper copy submission please…
No 3rd Person! Individual work!
Lab Day 4 of 4
Final Day for Calorimeter Data Collection!
Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel
graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and
Additional Questions.
You will be submitting all 8 sections to me on Tuesday
after the break. Paper copy submission please…
No 3rd Person! Individual work!
Bell Ringer
Bell Ringer
Finals Bell Ringer
Pick up your remote, take out your calculator
(no cell phones) & scratch paper.
No personal periodic tables but the one in our
test booklet or on the wall is fair game.
Your grade is based on number correct so it is to
your best interest to answer every question.