WEBSITES:
1 .http://www.crsd.org/Page131715- This site contains podcast and they are excellent. I also included the review
guides to the podcasts.
2.http://www.ltsd.k12.pa.us/Page/3343
Ch. 1 Vocabulary & Overview
Vocabulary:
*If you make a set of flash cards to learn the vocabulary, you will receive 2 bonus points on the quiz. You must turn the flash cards in
to be checked the day of the vocabulary quiz.
biology
organelle
domain
scientific method
control group
cell
homeostasis
kingdom
observation
experimental group
unicellular
metabolism
ecology
hypothesis
independent variable
multicellular
organ
cell division
reproduction
evolution
natural selection
prediction
experiment
dependent variable
tissue
gene
adaptation
theory
THE WORLD OF BIOLOGY
Biology and You
1. What is Biology?
Characteristics of Life
 Organization and Cells
1. What is organization?
2. What is a cell?
3. What is the difference between a unicellular and a multicellular organism?
4. List and describe the level of organization found within a multicellular organism beginning with biological
molecules and ending with systems.
 Response to Stimuli
1. What is a stimulus? Give at least one example.
 Homeostasis
1. What is homeostasis?
2. What is one example of what occurs if homeostasis is not maintained?
 Metabolism
1. What is metabolism?
2. What is one example of a metabolic process?
 Growth and Development
1. What two things result in growth for living things?
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2. What is development?
 Reproduction
1. What is reproduction?
2. What is a gene?
3. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
 Change Through Time
1. What is evolution?
THEMES IN BIOLOGY
Diversity and Unity of Life
1. Explain how there can be unity and diversity of life at the same time?
2. What are the 3 domains of life?
3. What are the 6 major kingdoms of life and what domain do they belong to?
Interdependence of Organisms
1. What is ecology?
2. What is an ecosystem?
Evolution of Life
1. What is natural selection?
2. What is an adaptation? Provide at least one example.
THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY
Science as a Process
1. What is the scientific method?
2. Outline the steps of the scientific method.
Designing an Experiment
1. What is a controlled experiment?
2. What is the difference between the control group and the experimental group?
3. What is the difference between the dependent variable and the independent variable?
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Collecting and Analyzing Data
1. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Constructing a Theory
1. What is a theory?
Ch. 2 Vocabulary & Overview
Vocabulary:
*If you make a set of flash cards to learn the vocabulary, you will receive 2 bonus points on the quiz. You must turn the flash cards in
to be checked the day of the vocabulary quiz.
matter
mass
element
atom
nucleus
proton
neutron
electron
isotope
compound
chemical bond
covalent bond
ionic bond
energy
chemical reaction reactant
product
metabolism
activation energy catalyst
enzyme
polar compound
cohesion
adhesion
capillarity
solution
solute
solvent
hydroxide ion
hydronium ion
acid
base
pH scale
buffer
COMPOSITION OF MATTER
Matter
1. What is matter?
2. What is mass?
Elements and Atoms
1. What is an element?
2. What is an atom?
3. Complete the table below:
Atom component
Charge
Location
Proton
Neutron
Electron
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4. What is an isotope?
Compounds
1. What is a compound?
2. Do the physical and chemical properties differ between a compound and an element? EXPLAIN.
3. What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
COMPOSITION OF MATTER
Energy and Matter
1. What is energy?
2. What are the 3 states of matter?
3. What determines what state of matter an atom or molecule is in?
Energy and Chemical Reactions
1. What is a chemical reaction?
2. In a chemical reaction, what are reactants?
3. In a chemical reaction, what are products?
4. What is activation energy?
5. What is needed to lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction? What are they called in
biological systems?
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COMPOSITION OF MATTER
Polarity
1. What is a polar compound?
2. What is an example of a compound that exhibits polarity?
Hydrogen Bonding
1. What is a hydrogen bond?
2. Describe the following properties of water and state one biological example of this property
a. Cohesion
b. Surface tension
c. Adhesion
d. Capillarity
e. High heat capacity
f. Density of ice
Solutions
1. What is a solution?
2. How are the terms solute and solvent related to a solution?
Acids and Bases
1. What is a hydroxide ion?
2. What is a hydronium ion?
3. What is an acid?
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4. What is a base?
5. Outline the pH scale using the diagram at the right.
6.What is a buffer? How are they important to biological systems?
7.Draw the pH scale-Diagram the pH scale –Distinguish acid ,base and neutral
Ch. 3 Vocabulary & Overview
Vocabulary:
*If you make a set of flash cards to learn the vocabulary, you will receive 2 bonus points on the quiz. You must turn the flash cards in
to be checked the day of the vocabulary quiz.
organic compound
condensation reaction
amino acid
lipid
hydrophobic
monomer
carbohydrate
peptide bond
fatty acid
hydrophilic
polymer
monosaccharide
polypeptide
phospholipids
macromolecule
disaccharide
enzyme
steroid
hydrolysis
polysaccharide
substrate
nucleic acid
ATP
protein
active site
nucleotide
Carbon Compounds
Carbon Bonding
3. What is an organic compound?
4. Why is carbon chemically unique – refer to its bonding?
Large Carbon Molecules
5. What is a monomer?
6. What is a polymer?
7. What is a macromolecule?
8. What are the 4 types of biological macromolecules?
9. Describe what occurs during a condensation reaction.
10. Describe what occurs during a hydrolysis reaction.
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Energy Currency
1. What is ATP?
Molecules of Life
Carbohydrates
1. What elements make up a carbohydrate?
2. What is a monosaccharide? List the 3 most common examples and where they are found.
3. What is a disaccharide? List one example.
4. What is a polysaccharide? List 3 examples.
Proteins
1. What elements make up a protein?
2. What is the monomer (building block) of a protein?
3. What are the 4 components of an amino acid?
4. What is a peptide bond?
5. What is a polypeptide?
6. What is an enzyme? What is an allosteric enzyme?
7. What is the name of the model that describes how enzymes function?
8. What is a substrate? What is the relationship between the substrate and the active site?
9. What are some environmental conditions that may render an enzyme nonfunctional?
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Lipids
1. List 5 examples of lipids.
2. What is a fatty acid?
3. How do the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic relate to fatty acids?
4. Describe what makes up a triglyceride.
5. How does a phospholipid differ from a triglyceride?
6. Describe the structure of a steroid.
Nucleic Acids
1. What are the 2 basic examples of nucleic acids?
2. What is the monomer (building block) of a nucleic acid? What are its 3 parts?
Ch. 12 Vocabulary & Overview
Vocabulary:
*If you make a set of flash cards to learn the vocabulary, you will receive 2 bonus points on the quiz. You must turn the flash cards in
to be checked the day of the vocabulary quiz.
sex chromosome
mutation
deletion
substitution
polygenic
amniocentesis
autosome
sex-linked trait
inversion
translocation
pedigree
carrier
multiple allele
codominance
chorionic villi sampling
linked gene
germ-cell mutation
somatic-cell mutation lethal
nondisjunction
point mutation
genetic disorder frameshift mutation
insertion mutation
incomplete dominance
sex-influenced trait
genetic counseling
gene therapy
CHROMOSOMES AND INHERITANCE
Chromosomes
5.
What are sex chromosomes? What is the genotype for a male? Female?
6.
What are autosomes?
7.
What is the SRY gene?
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Effects of Gene Location
1.
What is a sex-linked trait?
2.
Is a male or female more likely to express a sex-linked trait? Explain.
3.
What are linked genes?
4.
What does a chromosome map show?
Mutations
4.
What is a mutation?
5.
What is the difference between a germ-cell mutation and a somatic-cell mutation?
6.
What is a lethal mutation? When does death typically occur?
7.
a.
Describe the following chromosome mutations: ?Can you draw and identify these mutations?
Deletion
b.
Inversion
c.
Translocation
d.
Nondisjunction
8.
What occurs during a point mutation?
9.
What may occur during substitution?
10.
What happens to the amino acid sequence if a frame shift mutation occurs?
11. What is a karyotpye. Do you know what one looks like?
HUMAN GENETICS
Inheritance of Traits
1.
What is a pedigree?
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What do the following symbols symbolize?
a.
square
b.
circle
c.
filled symbol
d.
empty symbol
e.
horizontal line
f.
vertical line
Draw a pedigree
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Genetic Traits and Disorders
1.
What is a genetic disorder?
2.
What is meant by polygenic? Give an example.
3.
4.
What are multiple alleles? Give an example.
What is codominance? Give an example.
5.
What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.
6.
What is meant by a single dominant allele trait? Give an example.
GO to website number one to view the podcast
TOPIC 1: Biochemistry and the Molecules of Life
Please use the Council Rock Video podcast to guide you
1. What does it mean for a compound to be organic?
2. Water is (circle one) polar / nonpolar because the electrons are not evenly shared.
3. What two properties of water are mentioned?
a.
b.
4. What is the difference between a monomer and polymer?
5. Dehydration synthesis ___________ water to ________ a bond, while hydrolysis ______ water
to ___________ a bond.
6. Carbohydrates have a ___: ___: ___ ratio of the elements C:H:O. Carbohydrates are the main
______________ source for a cell.
7. What are the two monomers of lipids?
a.
b.
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8. Lipids make up the majority of the cell ______________.
9. Nucleic acids have the following elements: ___________________________. Nucleic acids store
our ______________ _______________.
10. Amino acids (the monomers of a protein are made up of what three parts?
a.
b.
c.
11. How do enzymes act as biological catalysts?
Macromolecule
Elements
Monomer and polymer
Monosaccharide/
polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
CHO
Lipids
CH and a little O
Glycerol and fatty acid/lipid
Nucleic acids
CHOPN
Proteins
CHOSN
Nucleotide / nucleic acid
Amino acid /polypeptide or
protein
Roles
Quick/main source of
energy
Long-term source of
energy; cell membrane
Genetic material
Structure and enzymes
TOPIC 2: Cells and Cellular Organization
Please use the Khan Academy Parts of a Cell video to guide you
1. What structure defines a cell? ______________________________
2. What do we a call an organism that does have a nucleus? ___________________________
What do we call an organism that does not have a nucleus? _________________________
3. What are two examples of prokaryotes? _____________________________
_________________________
4. What are three types of eukaryotes? ________________ ___________________
____________________
5. Ribosomes help to make _________________ for the cell
6. The fluid in the cells is called the _________________ (aka cytoplasm)
7. The Endoplasmic reticulum connects to the _______________ Bodies
8. The section of the Endoplasmic Reticulum with attached ribosomes is called the ___________
ER
The section of the Endoplasmic Reticulum without ribosomes is called the ___________ ER
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9. When a protein leaves the Golgi Bodies, what does it take with it? _____________________
This piece will help it float around in the cell and fuse with the cell membrane.
10. What items could be stored in a vesicle?
________________________________________________________
11. Lysosomes and lytic vacuoles do what? ______________________________________________
12. What is an organelle? _________________________________
13. Where do we turn sugars into ATP? ________________________________
14. What do plants use for photosynthesis? ________________________________
15. What do filaments do? _____________________________________
TOPIC 3: Cellular Transport
Please use the Council Rock Video Podcast to guide you
1. What 4 types of organisms have a cell wall?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Diffusion moves molecules form a ____________ concentration to a _________
concentration.
3. True or false: after equilibrium is reached, molecules do not move anymore.
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4. In a hypotonic solution, there is a low solute / high water concentration outside a cell.
Water moves ____ the cell.
5. Circle one: Who does better in a hypotonic solution?
PLANTS
ANIMALS
6. In a hypertonic solution, there is a high solute / low water concentration outside a cell.
Water moves _____ the cell.
7. In an isotonic solution, there is an _________ solute / water concentration outside and
inside a cell.
8. Circle one: Who does better in an isotonic solution?
PLANTS
ANIMALS
9. Facilitated diffusion needs the help of a __________ to move large/charged molecules
across a cell membrane.
10. What type of molecule is the “facilitator” in facilitated diffusion?
_____________________________
11. The only type of cellular transport to go AGAINST the concentration gradient is called
_____________________.
12. What important energy molecules allows active transport to happen?
____________________
13. What happens to the shape of the protein when the ATP binds to it?
__________________________________
14. What happens to the shape of the protein when the potassium ions bind to it?
___________________________
In the Na+ K+ pump, _______ ions of sodium go through first. Then, _____ ions next.
TOPIC 4: Cell Division
Please use the Council Rock Video Podcast to guide you
1. What are the three reasons that cells typically divide?
a.
b.
c.
2. Circle one: The longest phase of the cell cycle is
INTERPHASE / MITOSIS
3. G1 is about cells _______________.
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4. How does a duplicated strand of DNA end up being identical to the original strand?
5. The last stage of Interphase is ________________________.
6. In mitosis, the goal is to get cells that are genetically ______________. That is, we want to
go 2N2N.
7. Match the following Mitosis stages to what happens
___Prophase
a. Chromosomes move to opposite ends ocell
___ Metaphase
b. Nucleus reforms, DNA loosens, last stage
___ Anaphase
c. DNA condenses; nuclear breaks down
___ Telophase
d. Chromosomes line up in middle of cell
8. What is the difference between plant and animal telophase/cytokinesis?
9. What does meiosis do to the number of chromosomes? _______________________
10. Meiosis goes from 2N _________, or from diploid  ______________
11. What is crossing over?
12. When does crossing over happen? __________________________
13. What is the idea of Independent assortment?
14. When chromosomes fail to separate properly, it is known as
____________________________.
a. ___________ syndrome and Patau syndrome are results of nondisjunction.
TOPIC 5: Cellular Energy
Please use the Council Rock Video Podcast to guide you
1. What are examples of autotrophs?
2. What are examples of heterotrophs?
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3. The most instant form of energy is known as ____________.
4. Why is ATP a high energy molecule?
5. Complete the photosynthesis equation below
__CO2 + ___ H2O + _________/enzymes  C6H12O6 +___6O2
6. If the photosynthesis equation is reversed, then it is the formula for
_____________________________.
7. The _________ dependent reactions and the light _____________________ reactions make
up photosynthesis.
8. Place a “D” if the statement refers to the light dependent reactions and an “I” if it refers to
the light independent reactions
____ water is split into oxygen, protons, and electrons
____CO2 is taken in and converted into carbohydrates
____ light energy is not needed
____ light energy is needed
9. What initial process splits a molecule of glucose into 2 3-carbon molecules?
________________________
10. What is the NET ATP yield from glycolysis? _______
11. What are the two different types of fermentation mentioned?
a.
b.
12. (Circle one) CO2 is created during electron transport chain / Kreb’s cycle
13. In the electron transport chain, oxygen joins with electrons and protons to make
___________.
14. By going through glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, and Electron transport chain, a cell can make
between _____ and ______ ATP as opposed to just the 2 of glycolysis.
TOPIC 6: DNA and its processes
Please use the Council Rock Video Podcast to guide you
1. Label the three parts of a nucleotide to the right.
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2. DNA has ______ strands and the bases ___denine, ___ymine, ___tosine, and ___uanine.
3. RNA has _____ strand and the base ___racil instead of thymine.
4. What are the functions of
mRNA?
tRNA?
rRNA?
5. What are the three different processes that nucleic acid can do?
a.
b.
c.
6. What happens during replication?
7. What happens during transcription?
8. What does AUG code for? ____________________
9. What do UGA, UAA, and UAG code for? ______________________
10. What happens during translation?
11. What is the biology definition of a mutation?
12. What happens during
a. Substitution mutation
b. Insertion point mutation
c. Deletion point mutation
d. Duplication chromosomal mutation
e. Deletion chromosomal mutation
f. Inversion chromosomal mutation
g. Translocation chromosomal mutation
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TOPIC 7: Genetics
Please use the Council Rock Video Podcast to guide you
1. Match the vocab terms to their definitions.
_____ Dominant allele
A.
_____ F1 generation
B.
_____ F2 generation
C.
_____ Genotype
D.
_____ Gregor Mendel
E.
_____ Heterozygous
F.
_____ Homozygous
G.
_____ P generation
H.
_____ Phenotype
I.
_____ Punnett Square
J.
_____ Recessive allele
K.
Organism with two different alleles for the same trait
Genetic makeup
Parental generation
Physical characteristics
Organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Tool that can predict and compare genetic variation
Allele that can be masked
Priest who worked with garden peas
First offspring generation
Allele that can mask other alleles
Second offspring generation
2. A monohybrid crosses looks at ______ trait, while a dihybrid cross looks at ____ traits at
the same time.
3. What is Mendel’s idea of
a. Dominance?
b. Segregation?
c. Independent Assortment?
4. When the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele, it is called
___________________ dominance.
a. What are two examples?
5. When both alleles show up together (one is not really dominant over the other), it is
called______________.
a. What are two examples?
6. Sex-linked traits are those found on the ______________ chromosome, and show up more
in (circle one) males / females
7. What is genetic engineering?
a. Pros?
b.
Cons?
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TOPIC 8: Evolution
Please use the Council Rock Video Podcast to guide you
1. A process in which new species develop from pre-existing species is known as
__________________.
2. TRUE or FALSE: There are always enough resources to support all organisms:
3. What happens to the species that have the advantageous traits?
a.
b.
4. What happens to the species that do NOT have advantageous traits?
5. Explain why the INCORRECT section on the right
IS incorrect
6. What are the three different types of isolating
mechanisms?
a.
b.
c.
7. A decrease in genetic variation caused by the formation of a new population by a small
number of individuals from a larger population is known as
________________________________________.
8. Describe the following pieces of evidence for evolution
a. Fossils:
b. Homologous structures:
c. Analogous structures:
d. Embryology:
e. Biochemistry:
9. What happens during gradualism?
___________________________________________________________
10. What happens during punctuated equilibrium?
_________________________________________________
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11. Give an example of
a. Selective breeding:
b. Inbreeding:
c. Hybridization:
TOPIC 9: Ecology
Please use the Council Rock Video Podcast to guide you
1. Write down the levels of ecosystem organization from smallest to largest
2. ________________ make their own food, while ________________________ eat other
organisms for food.
3. When you move up an energy pyramid, the amount of available energy (circle one) ↑
↓
4. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
5. What is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors?
6. Explain the following organisms interactions
a. Competition
b. Predation
c. Symbiosis
i. Mutualism
ii. Commensalism
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Parasitism
Generalist
Speialist
Conformer
Regulator
Endotherm/Ectotherm
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7. _____________________ species are those that are naturally found in a location, while
_______________ species are accidentally or purposefully introduced to a new area
8. Explain the difference between
a. Threatened
b. Endangered
c. Extinct
9. What is succession?
Tough concepts to review and review and review
Steps of photosynthesis /Steps of respiration
10 organelles of plant and animal cells to identify and match the functions
Critical Thinking: Osmosis (hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions), types of transport, osmosis
REVIEW QUESTIONS (A sampling of what you may face on the test):
1. Name 2 things that eukaryote cells have the prokaryote cells do not have.
2. Who discovered cells by viewing cork?
3. How did the following scientists contribute to the history of cells:
Leeuwenhoek: Schleiden:
Schwann: Virchow:
4. What group of organelles are found in plant cells and are considered chemical factories?
5. What organelle is used for movement and consists of tiny hair like projections?
6. What separates the surface of a cell from its environment?
7. What is the cell wall made of?
8. What is the control center for all cell activity?
9. What is the center of cellular respiration that makes ATP for the cells (powerhouse)?
10. Cells _____________ ________________ __________________ ___________________11. What is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms?
12. What is the word for an animal cell shrinking? animal cells bursting?
13. What is it called when liquid moves into cell but not through the membrane? solids? What organelle is involved?
14. What limits cell size?
15. What is the word for biological balance?
16. Where are ribosomes made?
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17. What is any cell component that performs a function called?
18. How does water move in a hypertonic solution? hypotonic solution? isotonic solution?
19. Explain how hypotonic and hypertonic solutions affect plant cells.
20. What is changed to lactic acid in fermentation?
21. Oxygen is the product of what process?
22. Where does photosynthesis occur?
23. Where does glycolysis occur?
24. What is pyruvic acid changed to in alcoholic fermentation?
25. Name the two end products of photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle).
26. What are the three products of the light dependent reactions? Which two are used in the Calvin Cycle?
27. How would a protein be exported out of a cell (refer to the organelles needed as well as the type of transport –
think back to your cell project)
28. What is uncoiled DNA in the nucleus called?
29. What type of respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen? presence of oxygen?
30. Name the three structures of a chloroplast?
31. What cycle of photosynthesis produces glucose?
32. What is the first stage of respiration called?
33. What is reached when molecules are spread out evenly throughout space?
34. What is osmosis?
35. What organelle is involved in the processing and packaging of proteins?
36. What organelle acts as a transport system?
37. State the 3 parts of the cell theory.
38. What is turgor pressure?
39. What cycle creates the most ATP during respiration?
40. What process would a unicellular organism use to engulf food?
41. How do you distinguish between a plant cell and an animal cell? Name 3 differences.
42. What are the three stages of photosynthesis and the major products of each reaction?
43. Compare and contrast the reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
44. Where do light dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
45. Where does the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis occur?
46. Where does the oxygen come from in photosynthesis?
47. List 4 examples of passive transport.
48. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? Cellular respiration? Label both the reactants and products.
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Test Format: Concepts to biologically ponder.
Critical Thinking (chromosomes, mitosis, cell cycle, model of DNA, model of translation)
Fill in the Blank (no word bank)
Problem Solving (Building a protein molecule from DNA, monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross)
Essay/Short answer (vocabulary, compare/contrast, meiosis)
1. Be able to identify the stages of mitosis using pictures and describe each stage.
2. Be able to use diploid and haploid with chromosome numbers.
Somatic cells have the ____________ number while sperm and egg (gametes) have the
________________ number.
3. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
4. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
5. Be able to distinguish between an ootid (egg) and polar bodies.
6. Name the enzymes associated with replication and transcription.
7. What are special proteins that DNA uses to become supercoiled as chromosomes in prophase?
8. What do humans pass exact copies of to their offspring?
9. What does tRNA code for?
10. What base is in RNA and not in DNA?
11. What is determined by an organism’s nitrogen base sequence?
12. What is the process of duplicating (copying) DNA called?
13. What do pyrimidines pair with? Why is this important?
14. What directs the formation of a polypeptide (protein) in DNA?
15. What phase is the period of growth and development in the cell cycle?
16. How do the nitrogen bases pair in DNA? RNA?
17. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
18. What are repeating subunits of DNA called?
19. What are the two sugars in the DNA and RNA?
20. What process makes mRNA?
21. What is the process of making proteins?
22. What immediately precedes mitosis?
23. What do the chromosomes do during metaphase?
24. The process of cell reproduction is called ______
25. Haploid cells have _______ the # of chromosomes.
26. How much DNA does a cell have at the end of meiosis I?
27. How many bases does a codon have?
28. If a species has 24 chromosomes – what is the diploid #? haploid #?
29. What cells in the body are diploid? Haploid?
30. What are proteins made of?
31. During what phase of mitosis does the chromatin coil to become a chromosome?
32. What is it called when the cytoplasm divides?
33. What are the three phases of interphase called?
34. What phase of interphase does rapid growth occur?
35. What phase of interphase does the chromatin duplicate?
36. What is the name of the male reproductive cell?
37. What is the process of nuclear division called that takes a diploid cell and makes it haploid
called?
38. What type of cell division results in two identical daughter cells?
39. Two coiled strands of DNA are called a ________________.
40. What is the process of combining DNA in new ways called?
41. A codon pairs with an ________________ on tRNA.
42. Why is the fact the meiosis ends with a haploid number of chromosomes significant?
43. Define phenotype and genotype (give examples).
44. Define homozygous and heterozygous (give examples).
45. What is a punnett square?
46. Describe the system Mendel used to name his generations.
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47. Describe Mendel’s 3 principles/Laws and how they have influenced the study of genetics.
48. Define genetics.
49. Define allele and a gene. Give an example of each.
50. How did Mendel obtain pure plants?
Practice Squares:
1. Show a cross of a two heterozygous round pea plants. Remember to make a key of what the
letters represent. State the genotypes and phenotypes as well as their corresponding
ratios.
(Check yourself – you should have gotten a phenotypic ratio of 3:1)
2. Show a cross of a heterozygous black (B) guinea pig with a homozygous pink nose (N) and a
white (b) guinea pig with a black nose (n). State the genotypes and phenotypes.
Translation problem:
From the DNA strand below, construct the polypeptide that would be formed. You will need the genetic
code to Crack the Code.
Label mRNA, codon, anticodon, tRNA, amino acid, peptide bonds, and
polypeptide chain.
TACATTCGTACT
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