Lecture 2
Forming Teams
April 3, 2008
Some suggested guidelines
• Decide on your Team
• Decide on your project
• Choose a leader
– The leader can be rotated
• Choose roles
– who does what on team
• Choose means of communication
– e.g. e-mail, phone, web-site, face-to-face
– frequency of meetings (when and where)
• Decide on ground rules
– What to do when a team member is not pulling weight?
– What to do if the goals are seen as not reachable?
– What to do if you can’t agree
Rules
• Write down these rules. Give your team a
name. Everybody signs. Submit to Rahul
next Tuesday
Guidelines (cont.)
For meetings
• Show up
• Show up on time
• Assign and rotate roles
– Time keeper, scribe, leader
– Have agenda, capture action items (who what when)
– Take process breaks periodically, ask yourself
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Are you sticking to an agenda or are you wandering off the subject?
Do you have an agenda?
Is everybody contributing or are some dominating?
Are you reaching your expectations for the meeting?
Write down agreements and disagreements
Write down actions and plans for resolution
Write down all “action items” (what, who, when)
Review action items beginning each meeting
Try and invent new ways of interacting- the object is
effectiveness
Test of team effectiveness
•After third and fifth week
– Ask yourselves
•Is your Team functioning well?
•If not do you have a plan to improve?
•How well is this plan working?
•Do you require any intervention?
Emphasis on improvement. Avoid “blame”
Rahul and I are available for counseling if issues can not be resolved
What types of class teams have been
successful at Caltech (n=30)
• Best teams- commitment respect and
integrity (most important!)
• A product that people believe in
(helps but less important)
• Similar backgrounds
(least important)
Introduce Yourselves
• Who are you?
• Class, concentration, graduate department
• One unusual thing about yourself
To begin. . .
• Need to form a Team by end of today
– 2-4 people with 3 optimum
– Graded students on teams, P/Fs on Teams,
Auditors on Teams.
– Look for compatibility
– Don’t have to be friends coming in.
– Choose name for your Team
• Form Teams
• Submit team name and members by the
end of the day to Rahul
• Discuss Candidate Topics
• Read First Case and Present sol’n on
Tuesday
• Volunteer Team to present first case
Date
Task
April 1
This is an early and important (but not irrevocable) decision in this Class.
Some thoughts: 2-4 students, but 3 is optimum. Common Goals. Common
commitment.
April 3
Name of team, Signed Team statement “Rules of the Road” due
April 8
Topic Proposal due. This is a 2 page Plan of Action, What you will do,
Schedule of events and Responsibility assignment.
April 17
Submit Progress, Schedule, Milestones. Team evaluation exercise
April 21
May 3
First draft. This is a 5 page Outline of Results to date with a schedule of what
needs to be done..
June 2
Final Report due. The Final report should be maximum 15-20 pages doublespaced.
June 2
Final Presentation to class. These should take approximately 30 minutes (~15
ppt slides)
Date
Task (Tentative!)
April 3
Form a team This is an early and important (but not irrevocable)
decision in this Class. Common Goals. Common commitment.
Name of team, Signed Team statement “Rules of the Road” due
April 8
Topic Proposal due. This is a 2 page Plan of Action, What you will
do, Schedule of events and Responsibility assignment.
April 17
Submit Progress, Schedule, Milestones. Team evaluation exercise
April 21
May 1
First draft. This is a 5 page Outline of Results to date with a
schedule of what needs to be done..
June 2
Final Report due. The Final report should be maximum 15-20 pages
double-spaced.
June 2
Final Presentation to class. These should take approximately 30
minutes (~15 ppt slides)
Consider business ecosystems
• loose networks—of suppliers, distributors, outsourcing
firms, makers of related products or services, technology
providers, and a host of other organizations—affect, and are
affected by, the creation and delivery of a company's own
offerings.
• Like an individual species in a biological ecosystem, each
member of a business ecosystem ultimately shares the fate of
the network as a whole, regardless of that member's apparent
strength. From their earliest days, Wal-Mart and
Microsoft—unlike companies that focus primarily on their
internal capabilities—have realized this and pursued
strategies that not only aggressively further their own
interests but also promote their ecosystems' overall health.
-Marco Iansiti, Roy Levien
Walmart
• Shipping connections
• Supplier connections
• Global market
• Interface with local govt
• Inventory mgmt
• Customers
Business Ecosystems
•Give some examples of companies and
industries which use the ecosystem
model well
•What has changed in the ecosystem
model in these industries in recent
years?
Examples of business ecosystems
• Defense Industry DOD, Primes,
subcontractors, sub-subs etc., Congress,
Allies
• Wall Street analysts, brokers, traders,
members, SEC, investors, IT, etc.
• What is changing here?
What’s changing in these areas?
• Health Care
– Population is getting older
– Insurance comp have lot of control
• Globalization China and India
– Middle class developing rapidly
– Harder to find qualified employees
• Energy
– Fossil fuel prices dramatically rising
– Green energy bubble
• Global Warming
– Govt involvement in emission regulation
• Wireless connectivity
• War on Terror
What can happen to disturb the
ecosystem?
Some Major Drivers of Change
•War
•Technology
•Economic/Political
War as a Driver of Change
• WW1
– Aviation
• WW2
– Jet aircraft
– Radar
– Nuclear energy
• Cold War
– Semiconductors and Computers
– Missiles, Communication Satellites
– Internet
• War on Terrorism
– ?
Technology as a driver of change
Fundamental Law
Technology
change
opportunity
Always opportunities but there are
times when opportunity abounds
Economic/Political Issues Drive
Change
• Globalization
• Modernization and Rise
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China
India
SE Asia
Eastern Europe
• Oil and Energy
• European Unification
• What else?
Relationship between subject matter knowledge
and process knowledge
• Do you have to be a Technology expert in the area
you are studying?
– Ignorance is not bliss
– However technical knowledge does not guarantee
good strategy
• What are the pitfalls
– of knowing too little?
– of knowing “too much”?
Definition of Technology
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Main Entry: tech·nol·o·gy
Pronunciation: -jE
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural -gies
Etymology: Greek technologia systematic treatment of an art, from technE art,
skill + -o- + -logia -logy
Date: 1859
1 a : the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area :
ENGINEERING 2 <medical technology> b : a
capability given by the practical application of knowledge <a car's fuel-saving
technology>
2 : a manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical processes,
methods, or knowledge <new technologies for information storage>
3 : the specialized aspects of a particular field of endeavor <educational
technology>
- tech·nol·o·gist /-jist/ noun
Source Merriam-Webster web dictionary
Technology as a growth agent
•How does Technology drive these
industries?
– Semiconductors and Electronics
– Communications and Information
– Consumer
– Health care
– Automotive
– Aerospace
Why is it hard to predict technology change?
• Technologies evolve and rates can be difficult to predict.
– Effect of long product cycles (such as military- except in War)
• Transition from science to engineering is easy to get wrong
• The problem is confounded by numerous coupled factors
(Technology by itself is never the only issue)
– Market
– Financial
– What else?
• It is difficult to get objective judgement
– Bias is built in by those who “know too much” as well as those who know
too little
– Bias is built into the group (university, government or corporation)
– Bias is built into the society
– No one person knows enough
• Often “Winner takes all”
Technologies that didn’t happen the
way people predicted
Name some technologies that didn’t pan out
the way they were supposed to
• Fuel cells
• Clear pepsi
• Laser discs
• Mini discs
• Electric car
• Nanotechnology
• Laser technology, STAR Wars
Some recent infamous misses in
Technology
• Iridium- Motorola satellite communication system
– Launched on Nov 1, 1998: Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
on August 13, 1999. Failure due to:
– Competition from cellular
– Insufficient demand
– The cost of service prohibitive for many users
– Mismanagement
– Company raised $5B. Bought for $25 million.
(Wikipedia)
Some recent infamous misses in
Technology
• Accurate translation software
– English: Hi, My name is Ken. I'm giving a talk at the
Caltech Management Association.
Some recent infamous misses in
Technology
• Accurate translation software
– English: Hi, My name is Ken. I'm giving a talk at the
Caltech Management Association.
– Google Spanish: Hi, mi nombre es Ken. Estoy dando
una charla en la asociación de la gerencia de Caltech.
Some recent infamous misses in
Technology
• Accurate translation software
– English: Hi, My name is Ken. I'm giving a talk at the
Caltech Management Association.
– Google Spanish: Hi, mi nombre es Ken. Estoy dando
una charla en la asociación de la gerencia de Caltech.
– Google English: Hi, my name is Ken. I am giving to char
it in the association of the management of Caltech.
Some recent infamous misses in
Technology
• X-Ray lithography
– Predicted for the 70s. What happened?
– “The introduction of chemically amplified resists to
enable DUV lithography in the mid-1990s was the
most radical change in the past decade.” Peter
Silverman, Intel Corporation” Future Fab Intl.
Volume 21, 2006
Some recent infamous misses in
Technology
• Holographic memory
– “Although holographic memory was first suggested
in 1963, it has failed to find commercial success so
far. However, Hans Coufal, an expert in the
technology at IBM's Almaden Laboratory in
California, says the holographic memory could
challenge formats such as Blu-ray and HDDVD.”Will Knight, 8:23 NewScientist.com 24
November 2005
Some recent infamous misses in
Technology
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Artificial Heart
Many examples from The Drug Delivery Process
Genomics
Maglev
Nuclear power
Fusion power
Cold fusion
SST
High temperature superconductors
Virtual reality
Knowledge Management
Laser Disc
Betamax
Some recent infamous misses in
Technology
• Flying Car
• Electric car
• Fuel Cell Car
• Flywheel Energy Storage
• E books
• Tablet PCs
• LA Metro System
• Many others, for example?
Later, we will discuss some tools that help you make an assessment that avoids
some of the obvious mistakes
What drives Technology?
Moore’s Law
Technological Capability
Capability
Year
Technological Capability
Capability
Year
Technological Capability
Capability
Year
One year ago at Frys.com
500 GB @ $159.00 or $0.32/GB
Now 750 GB @ $149.99 or $0.20/GB
Number of Internet Hosts as a function of year
450,000,000
400,000,000
350,000,000
300,000,000
http://www.isc.org/
index.pl?/ops/ds/h
ost-count-
250,000,000
200,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000
50,000,000
Jan-06
Jan-05
Jan-04
Jan-03
Jan-02
Jan-01
Jan-00
Jan-99
0