•There was much argument about the validity of
replacing formal gymnastics with this new
movement based lessons.It was 20 years later
before the department of education replaced
the Two programmes of the 1950’s with
“Physical Education in the Primary Years”
•Concurrent developments were the growth and
interest in “Circuit Training” for both sport,
general fitness and Weight Training.
•The trend in secondary education was towards
a broader range of activities within P.E.
Programmes using off-site facilities. A
drawback to this trend was the “Inch Thick….
Mile Wide” syndrome- DISCUSS?
•The 1970’s-80’s have been referred to as a
period during which many teachers were
“Wandering in the Wilderness” with “Fads and
Fancies”-DISCUSS?
•Consequently the 1988 Education Reform Act
was passed leading to the development of the
present National Curriculum with P.E. as one of
it’s FOUNDATION SUBJECTS.
•The subsequent inclusion of Literacy and
mathematical initiatives in the Primary school
has seen an erosion of time allocated to P.E.
This erosion of allocated time ha also occurred
in secondary schools to make way for other
demands upon curriculum time.
•GCSE and A level P.E. have developed but this
is optional.
Qualifications
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BED’s 1970
A Level 1986
10,000 1996
Sport & Leisure studies
GNVQ
Leisure & tourism
BSC – 1996
Health & Fitness
Specific degrees – Golf course management
Task: (maybe for homework):
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Find out about the National curriculum
When was it introduced?
What are it’s main aims
What is included in it
Etc…
The National Curriculum is
“balanced & broadly based,
and which promotes the
spiritual,moral,cultural,mental
& physical development of
pupils at the school and in
society and prepares the pupil
for the opportunities,
responsibilities and experience
of adult life
It has to provide a broad and
balanced curriculum. The
programme must provide an
opportunity for the pupils to :•
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Participate Fully
Have equal access
Follow a Programme of study
Adhere to Key stages and
attainment targets in
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Swimming
Athletics
Dance
Gymnastics
Striking & fielding
Invasion
Net & wall
Outdoor Ed
PE curriculum came about in August
1995
Programmes of study
The programmes of study set out what
pupils should be taught in each subject
at each key stage, and provide the basis
for planning schemes of work.
Attainment targets and level
descriptions
An attainment target sets out the
'knowledge, skills and understanding
which pupils of different abilities and
maturities are expected to have by the
end of each key stage
ABOUT THE PE ATTAINMENT
TARGET AND LEVEL
DESCRIPTIONS
The attainment target in PE sets out the
knowledge, skills and understanding
that pupils of different abilities and
maturities are expected to have by the
end of each key stage. Attainment
targets consist of eight level
descriptions of increasing difficulty,
plus a description of exceptional
performance above level 8. Each level
description describes the type and
range of performance that pupils
working at that level should
characteristically demonstrate.
Key Stages
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Key Stage 1
Key Stage 2
Key Sage 3
Key Stage 4
5-7
7-11
11-14
14-16
New Direction 80’s
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Child centred
More formative feedback
Assessment
Learning targets
Pupils involved
Partner work
Additional certifications
Health Focused
Cross curricula
Local community links
THE LEVEL DESCRIPTIONS
• In PE the level descriptions show
progression in the four aspects of the
knowledge, skills and understanding
set out in the programme of study.
• 1.acquiring and developing skills
• 2.selecting and applying skills, tactics
and compositional ideas
• 3.evaluating and improving
performance
• 4.knowledge and understanding of
fitness and health
Curriculum 2000
• The statutory requirement to teach the programmes of
study at key stages 1 and 2 is reinstated.
• To establish a more effective framework for planning, four
key strands are identified in the programmes of study,
which apply in all areas of activity: Acquiring and
developing skills; Selecting and applying skills, tactics and
compositional ideas; Evaluating and improving
performance; and Knowledge and understanding of fitness
and health.
• At key stage 2, the number of areas of activity that have to
be taught has been reduced from six to five.
Curriculum 2000
• At key stage 3, four areas of activity,
including games, have to be taught.
This replaces the requirement for full
and half areas of activity in the current
programme of study.
• At key stage 4, two areas of activity
have to be taught. Games activities
becomes an option, although schools
will be expected to provide games
activities for all pupils who wish to
participate in them.
An
eight-level scale with level descriptions has
been introduced to clarify and support
progression and to simplify assessment.
The government has stated that two hours of
physical activity a week, including the national
curriculum for physical education and extracurricular activities, should be an aspiration for
all schools, throughout all key stages.
Why have the
National
Curriculum ?
The National Curriculum has four main
purposes.
To establish an entitlement
The National Curriculum secures for all
pupils, irrespective of social background,
culture, race, gender, differences in ability
and disabilities, an entitlement to a number
of areas of learning and to develop
knowledge, understanding, skills and
attitudes necessary for their self-fulfilment
and development as active and responsible
citizens.
To establish standards
The National Curriculum makes expectations for learning
and attainment explicit to pupils, parents, teachers,
governors, employers and the public, and establishes
national standards for the performance of all pupils in the
subjects it includes. These standards can be used to set
targets for improvement, measure progress towards
those targets, and monitor and compare performance
between individuals, groups and schools.
To promote continuity and coherence
The National Curriculum contributes to a
coherent national framework that promotes
curriculum continuity and is sufficiently
flexible to ensure progression in pupils'
learning. It facilitates the transition of pupils
between schools and phases of education and
provides a foundation for lifelong learning.
To promote public understanding
The National Curriculum increases public
understanding of, and confidence in, the work of
schools and in the learning and achievements
resulting from compulsory education. It provides a
common basis for discussion of educational issues
among lay and professional groups, including
pupils, parents, teachers, governors and
employers.
THE NEXT PICTURE SHOWS HOW P.E. HAS
MOVED IN JUST OVER 100 YEARS.
Transition in english elementary schools
Therapeutic drill
p.t.
Syllabuses
1902
1904
1907
1909
1919
instructor
trainer
educator
1933
Transition in english elementary schools
Key developments
• C19th- European Roots -Ling and Guth Muths
• 1870- Forster Education Act
Male Education compulsory for all children 5-13
• 1902- Model Course
Compulsory military training in schools
required to lay foundations of military spirit in the
nation
Transition in english elementary schools
Key developments
• 1904- Education Board Syllabus
An attempt to reduce the military influence
• 1909- Syllabus of Physical training
Written by Medical Board- Emphasis on Therapeutic
Gym
• 1919- Syllabus
Reflecting horrors of Great War- Introduced
Recreational and Moral boosting activities
Transition in english elementary schools
Key developments
• 1933- Syllabus of Physical Training
Last Board of Education Syllabus split into 2
sections. 5-11 yrs and 11-14 yrs
• 1944-Education Act
Made secondary Education available to all childrenRebuilt schools after Blitz
• 1952- Moving and Growing
Ministry of Education advisory P.E. publication
followed by
“PLANNING THE PROGRAMME”
CURRENT AND FUTURE POLICIES IN
SCHOOL SPORT AND P.E.
More People
-
Top Sport
Activemark
Top Play
Sportsmark
Sporting
Champions
SportsSearch
Coaching for
Active Kids
Clubs
Teachers
•School sport has suffered from difficulties in
the last 20 years-namely:1] The trend on the part of the local authorities
to sell off schools playing spaces.
2] The growth of alternative sporting activities
outside the immediate sphere of education.
3] The increasing difficulty of staffing an ever
larger range of activities, with reduced budgets,
manpower and time.
•A reappraisal of the place of school sport is
underway partly because of the reasons outlined
above and partly because of the increasing
pressure of league and exam tables which does
not reflect sporting achievements. DISCUSS?
Problems in PE
• Sell off playing fields’
• Growth of alternative sports
• Reduced Budget
• Health & Safety
• Children's act
• League tables – sport not included
• Conflict with school sport
• Saturday fixtures
Solutions
• Sports colleges
• Sports marks
• Schemes (see later)