Foil
• A character with qualities that
are in sharp contrast to another
character, thus emphasizing the
qualities of each.
Foreshadowing
• A hint about what is to come in
literature or what the outcome of
the conflict will be.
Simile/Metaphor
• Simile
• Comparison using “like” or “as”
o
Her face is like a summer’s day…
• Metaphor
• Comparison not using “like” or “as”
o

“I am the East, and Juliet is the West…”
Conflict
• External
o Man
o Man
o Man
vs. Man
vs. Nature
vs. Society
• Internal
o Man
vs. Self
Protagonist/Antagonist
• Protagonist
• Main character who is in conflict with the
antagonist and whom the audience is
intended to most identify with.
• Antagonist
• Character that represents the opposition
against which the protagonist must contend.
Soliloquy/Monologue/Aside
• Soliloquy
• Long speech given by a character while alone on stage
to reveal his or her private thoughts or intentions to the
audience.
• Monologue
• Character speaks at length to the audience or another
character without the expectation of a response.
• Aside
• Character’s brief, quiet remark to the audience or
another character that no one else on stage is supposed
to hear.
Irony/Dramatic Irony
.Irony
• Contrast between appearance and reality
• Dramatic Irony
• Audience or reader knows something the
other characters do not know
Blank Verse
• Written like poetry but tells a story
• Free-flowing rules - doesn’t have a
rhyme scheme or set number of lines
Iambic Pentameter
• Lines have a rhythm to them
• 10 syllables
• Pattern of stressed and unstressed
syllables
 He JESTS at SCARS that NEV er FELT a WOUND
 But SOFT! what LIGHT through YON der WIN dow BREAKS?
Alliteration/Pun
• Alliteration
Group of words that begin with the same letter
or sound
o
desire doth in his deathbed lie
• Pun
Play on words
o
"Vandals destroyed many road signs. They really pulled out all the
stops."
Ballad: a poem or song narrating a
story in short stanzas. Traditional
ballads are typically of unknown
authorship, having been passed on
orally from one generation to the next
as part of the folk culture.
Sonnet: a poem of fourteen lines using
any of a number of formal rhyme
schemes, in English typically having
ten syllables per line.
Sonnet 130
My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips’ red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damask’d, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go;
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she belied with false compare.
Ode: a lyric poem in the form of an
address to a particular subject, often
elevated in style or manner and written
in varied or irregular meter.
Pindaric Ode: Ode to Aphrodite - Sappho (c. 630-570 B.C.)
Deathless Aphrodite, throned in flowers,
Daughter of Zeus, O terrible enchantress,
With this sorrow, with this anguish, break my spirit
Lady, not longer!
Hear anew the voice! O hear and listen!
Come, as in that island dawn thou camest,
Billowing in thy yoked car to Sappho
Forth from thy father's
Golden house in pity!