Harmonization of human relations with nature could be achieved through the
creation of the complex of engineering systems and architectural solutions
which will be able to provide acceptable conditions for people’s habitation in the
context of competent use of natural resources without harming the environment.
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• An energy effective building is a building
characterized by low power consumption
and power autonomy.
Such
structures
can
function
completely
independently and generate their own heat and
electricity for theirs own needs.
Solar collectors and batteries, wind turbines and
bioreactors are integrated into houses, halls, high-rise
buildings and even stadiums; special systems of
ventilation and rainwater collection are used, certain
elements of solar architecture and a range of other
solutions are applied.
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Main solutions:
•
A building is designed in such a way as to minimize the expenditures
on power supply, heating and cooling.
•
Elements of solar architecture (maximal glazing on the south side and
minimal one on the north side) are used in the structural design of a
house.
•
A shield roof creates the shade in hot sunny weather on the one hand
and generates electricity via solar batteries on top of it on the other hand.
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An energy-independent eco-house
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1
9
10
9
4
3
5
13
12
2
7
6
11
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Solar collector (thermal) and solar panel
Soil seasonal heat accumulator
Hollow-centered bearing framing with venting channels
Sandwich panels of 80-100 mm
System of forced ventilation
Heat exchanger (recuperator)
Channel in soil
An energy-independent eco-house
8. Armored glass (heating)
9. Polymeric corrugated pipe (for air exchange)
10. Insulated hot-water storage tank
11. Air and drainage channels
12. Air exchange gates (electronically regulated)
13. Local system of wastewater bio-treatment and utilization
for soil enrichment
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Thermal spectrogram of a conventional house
The diagram shows that such house is heating the
street!
Thermal spectrogram of an energy-saving
house
The energy-saving house has good
heat-conserving characteristics!
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Heating:
Additional air heating is provided by a chosen heating system - heat pump,
solar collector, vortex thermogenerator or other heating devices.
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Ventilation:
The recovery system is one of the key energy-saving elements of the
“zero” house and its implementation allows to improve significantly
sanitary and humidity-related indicators of the air quality.
Speed
controller
Heat
exchanger
Pump
Fresh cold
air from
the outside
Anti-icing
valve
“Waste”
cold air
Heated
fresh air
Powersupply cord
“Waste” warm
air from the
inside
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Water supply:
High-quality drinking water production is
associated with the use of next generation
membrane filtering installations.
Membrane cost reduction and its production
from locally available materials (polymers or
cellulose acetates) make reasonable to use
membrane installations on small objects.
The installation of the
system of water cleaning
from boron is specified
This greatly simplifies the usage of buildings
as compared to coagulation, ozonization
and sorption technologies.
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Heat supply:
A solar collector is a unit that uses solar radiation energy for heating
and hot water supply. Under the negative temperature conditions, a
vacuum collector with the highest efficiency is most appropriate.
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Heat supply:
A heat pump is a unit that converts low-grade heat of soil, basins
or air into the heat for heating and hot water supply systems.
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Bio-treatment of waste water:
Biological treatment is the most appropriate way of waste water purification.
Biological treatment solves the most of the problems. In addition the waste water
undergoes a full cleaning cycle up to nitrogen removal and the activated sludge
stabilizes under aerobic conditions that allows to use it as a good fertilizer (an
excellent solution to the problem of waste disposal).
Achieving 98% degree of purification gives the opportunity to meet all standards
for purified waste water at the minimum power consumption under 100 Wh.
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Local waste-water treatment facilities
А. Receiving tank
Б. Sludge stabilizer
В. Aerotank
Г. Secondary tank
Sleep mode
Phase 1
Phase 2
1. Exit pipe
2. Large disposals filter
3. Sludge return filter
4. Receiving tank aerator
5. Main air-lift
6. Stabilized sludge pump
7. Recycle pump
8. Aerotank aerator
9. Biofilm remover
10. Secondary tank aerator
11. Entry pipe
12. Distributor Ph 1
13. Distributor Ph 2
14. Turbo-distributor
15. Distributive valve
16. Compressor
17. Control unit
18. Power point
19. Heat-insulated
cover
20. Electric cable
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Local waste-water treatment facilities
А. Receiving tank
Б. Sludge stabilizer
В. Aerotank
Г. Secondary tank
Sleep mode
Phase 1
Phase 2
1. Exit pipe
2. Large disposals filter
3. Sludge return filter
4. Receiving tank aerator
5. Main air-lift
6. Stabilized sludge pump
7. Recycle pump
8. Aerotank aerator
9. Biofilm remover
10. Secondary tank aerator
11. Entry pipe
12. Distributor Ph 1
13. Distributor Ph 2
14. Turbo-distributor
15. Distributive valve
16. Compressor
17. Control unit
18. Power point
19. Heat-insulated
cover
20. Electric cable
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Local waste-water treatment facilities
А. Receiving tank
Б. Sludge stabilizer
В. Aerotank
Г. Secondary tank
Sleep mode
Phase 1
Phase 2
1. Exit pipe
2. Large disposals filter
3. Sludge return filter
4. Receiving tank aerator
5. Main air-lift
6. Stabilized sludge pump
7. Recycle pump
8. Aerotank aerator
9. Biofilm remover
10. Secondary tank aerator
11. Entry pipe
12. Distributor Ph 1
13. Distributor Ph 2
14. Turbo-distributor
15. Distributive valve
16. Compressor
17. Control unit
18. Power point
19. Heat-insulated
cover
20. Electric cable
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Power supply:
Individual low-power wind turbines
can provide an autonomous
consumer with necessary quantity of
electric power.
The solar modules: solar photo-voltaic
systems (solar PV systems) are the
installations designed for conversion of
incoming solar radiation into electricity.
Controller
Inverter
Solar panel
Consumer
Wind turbine
Accumulator
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Electronic control system:
is the electronic system of control of the power grid of the house.
The system provides the economical use of energy according to pre-set
parameters. It also allows to minimize power consumption by switching into the
sleep mode when necessary. It maintains the internal environment at the selected
level when nobody is at home.
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Energy-saving lighting:
A decrease of electric power consumption at the house can only be achieved
by using the modern energy-saving systems based on LED (light-emitting
diode) lighting technologies.
18-56w
5w
3w
12w
12w
6w
9w
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“The ultimate goal of our strategic plan “To create a sustainable future on
the basis of reorganizing our past” is the creation of buildings with zero
energy consumption (Net Zero Energy Building) and thereby reducing our
environmental pollution impact.
Gordan V. R. Holness,
President of ASHRAE
Written in 2001, these words find implementation in the
present-day ambitious plans and projects.
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