Chapter 7 Study Guide
SC History Standards 8-5.5-8
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, use your notes and book to answer the following
questions. Make sure to use complete sentences.
1. This is the right to vote. suffrage
2. She was born before the Civil War and became a leading proponent of not just temperance but
the complete prohibition of alcohol. Carrie Nation
3. This was a movement to give females the right to vote. Suffrage Movement
4. This is one of the main factors of production. It is the measure of the work done by people.
Labor
5. This was a political reform movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to protect the
working class citizens. The Progressive Movement
6. In the late 19th century, South Carolina became a leading producer of this chemical formed from
the remains of sea creatures. Phosphate
7. This is the movement of people into a new country or political unit, resulting in a change of
personal, permanent residence. Migration
8. This person was the governor of South Carolina in the late 1800s, a US Senator in the early
1900s and a Populist, though not a true populist. Benjamin Tillman
9. This natural disaster occurred in Charleston, South Carolina in 1893. It is formed in tropical
areas over an ocean and is characterized by a strong low-pressure center, high winds, and heavy
rains. Hurricane of 1893
10. This soft fiber was THE primary agricultural output of the southern colonies and early
southern states, and continues to be a significant crop there to this very day. Cotton
11. This is the name given to the natural disaster that hit South Carolina’s largest port city in 1886.
Earthquake of 1886
12. This term refers to a gift of real estate given by a government to a private entity. Land Grant
13. What led to a growth in the steel and oil industries? Discoveries of iron ore and coal in the
West; Need for steel to build the Transcontinental RR; Entrepreneurs investments;
development of new technologies.
14. What plants were built to make the bounty of ranches and farms of the West and Midwest
available to people throughout the country? Meat Packing Plants and Grain Processing Plants
15. What were conservatives more interested in doing than supporting South Carolina’s struggling
industrial development? Returning the South to the way it was pre-Civil War.
16. What spurred national industrialization in the post war period? Government wartime
spending and the building of the Transcontinental RR
18. What group was not considered for traditional textile mill labor? African Americans
19. Where were the first mills started in South Carolina? The Upcountry
20. What did these mills produce? Fabrics made by weaving fibres
21. Why did children work in the mills? Children worked in mills in order to fix the broken
threads.
22. What was found near Charleston and Beaufort and was a major part of the commercial
fertilizer that was produced in the state? Phosphate Deposits
23. What happened that caused phosphate mining in Beaufort to become extinct? The Hurricane
of 1893 that hit the Charleston area
24. What replaced the large plantations of the antebellum period at the end of Reconstruction?
Small farms for sharecropping and tenant farming
25. What crop continued to dominate the South Carolina economy during Reconstruction and after
the end of Reconstruction? Cotton
26. Describe the crop lien laws that were passed by the Conservatives during Reconstruction. The
crop lien law gave creditors first dibs on a persons crop that owed them money
27. Although South Carolina farmers did not experience the mechanization of farming that raised
supply in other regions of the country, what did they have that increased the cotton yield?
Fertilizers made from phosphate
28. How was cotton picked well into the 20th century? By hand
29. Describe the Grange: The Grange was a social organization to help farmers relieve
isolation. The Grange split into a Regional Farmers Alliance, one for whites and one for
blacks.
30. The hurricane of 1893, brought an end to what? Rice production
31. How did farmers supply the local markets after the hurricane of 1893? They turned to truck
gardening
32. What did the boll weevil do in South Carolina during the 1920s? Destroyed half of the cotton
33. A movement in the late 1800s and early 1900s in which people looked to the federal
government to help correct problems in society and the economy. The Progressive Movement
34. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave all male citizens the right to vote? The 15th
amendment
35. What is the term for farmers who farmed land they didn’t own? Sharecropper/tenant
farmer
36. African Americans who moved to the free state of Kansas and Oklahoma Indian Territories
between 1879 and 1881. Exodusters
37. The Populist Party was chiefly composed of: Poor white farmers in the South and Poor
white and black farmers in the Midwest.
38. What helped further Westward Expansion in the United States after 1865? The
Transcontinental Railroad
39. "The Great Migration" of the 20th century could best be described as African Americans
moving North to work in the factories.
40. This system of agriculture developed in the late 19th century, in which a landowner allowed a
tenant to use the land in return for a portion of what was produced. It was called sharecropping
41. What industry helped bring South Carolina's economy out from sharecropping? Textile mills
42. Where was/is tobacco grown in SC? The Pee Dee region
43. Which amendment allows Congress to levy and income tax? The 16th Amendment
44. Which amendment to the U.S. constitution instituted Prohibition for the whole country? The
18th Amendment
45. A movement in the early 1920s that tried to convince people to avoid alcoholic beverages. The
Temperance Movement
46. This is the term used to describe the general way in which people live, focusing primarily on
things like average income, health care availability, life expectancy, educational attainment, etc.
Standard of Living
47. Legislation passed in 1862 allowing any citizen or applicant for citizenship over 21 years old
and head of a family to acquire 160 acres of public land by living on it and cultivating it for five
years. The Homestead Act
48. This was the theory that people are subject to natural selection and wealth was a sign of
superiority. Social Darwinism
49. This beetle feeds on cotton buds and is credited with devastating the cotton-growing areas of
the south during the 1920s and 30s. Boll Weevils
50. This amendment guaranteed that all women in the United States would have the right to vote.
The 19th Amendment