Tang and Song China
Tang
-5% were government officials who were paid.
Others were just social examplesw
-Education reforms were initateed by Yangdi.
- High class people wer allowed to wear special
clothes.
- Conections led to great power.
- Tank law Coode was established severe
punishment for those who disrpected edlers.
-Ancestore worship.
-Revived the bureaucracy.
- Ministart of rites created profestionilized
bureaucrats.
- Bureaucracy broken all the way down to regional
level.
- Weakend power of old aristrocracy by inproving
scholar gentry class.
-Focus on science and literature >monk Yixing
- most known for their literature > Tang poems.
- Timber work unified and structural formation.
- Dugong > architecture.
- Buddhism dominant religion.
- Buddhism was attatcked by daoist and confucian
rivals. Imposing challenfe to imperial order.
- Many buddhist monks were destroyed over
thousands. > never again would buddhism be able
to regain its political power it once had over chinas
gov’t
- Formed nomadic military allianced to aid
expnasion.
- Empress Wi irritated the Taoist and Confucianist
scholars campaing.
-Empress Wu poisened her husband in order to gain
power, and with the used of her own sons.
- Metal working > buddhist staues carved from
stone.
- curved roofs, cnal bildings, Grand Canal, and
gunpowder.
Song
- Confucianish was stronger.
- Scholar- Gentry becomes moe luxurious and
overcomes the artistan class.
- Rich had more reserved right but more low class
advocations
- Neo confucianism adovated the social classes as
rank gender and age.
- Complimentary husband was when a women took
another husband with her husbands permission.
-NeoConfucian that womens roles were to bear kids
and to do house work, > Women could not get high
jobs.
- Family structure modeled upon Confucianism
- Foot binding very popular among the upper class
but originated in Tang dynasty.
- Art and architecture shows levels of social
structure.
- Feet were bounded as young at 5 and until
marriageable age.
- Foot binding made mobility extremely hard,
showed upper class status because a women could
not move with binded feet.
- Elected officials only allowed to be governors >
preveneted military leaders from gaining to much
power.( this weakend the gov’t)
- Civil service exams had a routine – Three levels >
district >provincial >imperial. Easy to pass made a
lot of people wealthy without much activties for
them to do > weakens gov’t.
- Weaken bureaucracy from paranoia of tyrany.
- Tried to revive confucian ideas and principels
which governed their intellecual lives. > scholors
recovered long neglected texts.
- Schools re-opened > but started to teach superiots
of Daoism and confucianism over buddhism
- New form of neo- confucians reacived ancients
teaching.
Shared
- Rise of Scholar Gentry class,
-Ambitin and merit conted for something, but the
true way to social mobility upwards comes from
connectiosn and family ties.
-Favored Scholar Gentry syytem
- Peasants > Merchants > middle/working > lower
nobility >Jinshi > Royal Family.
- Upper class family were common to all live
together.
- Disrespect of elders -> huge punishment
- Political ties through marriage.
- Both used bureaucracy > family ties or other ties
with people could get you were you need or
wanted to go.
- Revival of civil service exam > gave title of jinshi
let to high political power.
-Canals helped spread ideas and trade.
- poetry > same ideas used.
- Insight into science and technology.
- Paintings and sculptures very similar with each
other.
- Large percent of Daoism, Confucianism, and
taoism
-Grand Canal : liked north china plain and the
yangtze river basin
- Odometer vehicle: combine with the south
pointing chariot.
-pound lcok: allowed diff sefgemtns of a canal to
be raised or lowered alowing diff ships to pass.
Quilling Wheel: Used for weaving silk.
-movable type printing: alowed gov’t to creat
currency of using paper.
- Liao dynasty from the Khitan peoples of
Manchuria rivals against the song dynasty.
- Neo confucianism emphasized tradition and
blocked otuside influences. Led to belief of Chinese
superioty > saw japanese as barbaric.
-Explosive poder -> fireworkds and bombs.
- Anacus: alowed tax collectors to keep track of
profit revenuies.
- coal.