By: Kaiden, Matthew, Sjoerd, Brandon
Excretory
System
Part
Kidney
Liver
Large
Ureter
Intestine
Skin
Urethra
Bladder
Bile
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The kidney's primary function is the elimination of waste from
the bloodstream by production of urine. They perform several
homeostatic functions. The way the kidneys do this is with
nephrons. There are over 1 million nephrons in each kidney,
these nephrons act as filters inside the kidneys. The kidneys
filter needed materials and waste, the needed materials go back
into the bloodstream, and unneeded materials becomes urine
and is gotten rid of. In some cases, excess wastes crystallize as
kidney stones. They grow and can become a painful irritant that
may require surgery or ultrasound treatments. Some stones are
small enough to be forced into the urethra.
Function:
◦ Take Out Waste
◦ Balancing Water Levels
◦ Blood Pressure Regulation
◦ Red Blood Cell Regulation
◦ Acid Regulation
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Nephritis:
◦ Nephritis is the inflammation of one or both kidneys.
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Kidney Stones:
◦ These are smaller sized deposits of calcium and can be
seen in the nephrons.
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Chronic Kidney Disease:
◦ CKD means that your kidneys are damaged and can’t
filter blood as they should. This damage can cause waste
build up in your body. It can also cause other problems
that can harm your health. Diabetes and high blood
sugar are the most common causes of CKD.
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To bladder can hold 400 to 600mL of urine for
up to 5 hours. It’s a bit like a floppy balloon, it
expands and contracts according to the amount
of urine inside.
Functions:
◦ Holds Urine Until It Is Taken Out of The Body

Overactive Bladder:
◦ A condition in which the bladder squeezes urine out
at the wrong time.
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Urinary Incontinence:
◦ Loss of bladder control.
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Bladder Cancer:
◦ When there is uncontrolled growth of cells present
in bladder, it is known as bladder cancer. The end
result is a tumor in the bladder.
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Cystitis:
◦ The inflammation of the bladder.
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The liver is the largest glandular organ in the body
and performs many vital functions to keep the body
pure of toxins and harmful substances. An average
adult liver weighs about three pounds. It receives
about 1.5 quarts of blood every minute.
Functions:
◦ Detoxifies the blood to rid it of harmful substances
such as alcohol and drugs
◦ Stores vitamins and iron
◦ Stores simple sugar glucose
◦ Breaks down hemoglobin as well as insulin and
other hormones
◦ Destroys old red blood cells
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Hepatitis A,B,C:
◦ A Symptoms
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Fatigue
Fever
Nausea
Appetite Loss
Jaundice
Diarrhea
◦ B Symptoms
 Inflammation of Liver
◦ C Symptoms
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Decreased Appetite
Fatigue
Nausea
Muscle Or Joint Pains,
Weight Loss
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The common bile duct is a small, tube-like structure
formed where the common hepatic duct and the
cystic duct join. Its function is to carry bile from the
gallbladder and conducts it into the upper part of the
small intestine (the duodenum).
Functions:
◦ Carry bile from the gallbladder and conducts it into the
upper part of the small intestine
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Biliary Obstruction:
◦ A biliary obstruction is a blockage of the bile ducts.
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The large intestine is the last part of the digestive
system in vertebrate animals. Its function is to
absorb water from the remaining indigestible
food matter, and then to pass useless waste
material from the body
Functions:
◦ Transportation of Waste Throughout The Body
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Intestinal Gas
Diarrhea
Constipation
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The Ureter is the tube that carries urine from the
kidney to the urinary bladder. In humans there are
two Ureters, one attached to each kidney. The Ureter
is approximately 12 inches long.
Functions:
◦ Transports Urine From The Kidney to The Bladder

Sometimes the Ureters can become blocked or
injured. This can block the flow of urine to the
bladder.
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The skin is your body’s largest organ. An
average adult’s skin spans 21 square feet,
weighs 9 pounds, and contains more than 11
miles of blood vessels. Yum! The odor is
caused by bacteria on the skin eating and
digesting those fatty compounds. The Eccrine
is a sweat gland.
Functions:
◦ Keep Harmful Bacteria Out of The Body
◦ Eccrine Transports Sweat Out of The Body.
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Acne
Eczema
Skin Cancer
Psoriasis
Seborrheic Dermatitis
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The male urethra connects the urinary bladder to
the penis, and it functions as an exit from the
body. Once the bladder becomes full, urine flows
through the urethra and leaves the body at the
meatus located at tip of the penis. The urethra is
more than just a urinary duct; it also serves as a
conduit for semen and sperm during sexual acts.
Functions:
◦ Carries Urine Out of Body
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Urethral problems may cause pain or difficulty
passing urine. You may also have bleeding or
discharge from the urethra.
Doctors diagnose urethral problems using different
tests. These include urine tests, x-rays and an
examination of the urethra with a scope called a cyst
scope. Treatment depends on the cause of the
problem. It may include medicines and, in severe
cases, surgery.