A Wastewater Solution for an
Air Pollution Problem
A Cost-Effective Alternative for VOC Control as Required
by NESHAP [BWON, HON, MON, MACT]
Dr. Carl E. Adams, Jr., PE, BCEE Senior Author1 *
Dr. Lial F. Tischler2
Andrew W. Edwards, PE3
1
2
3
ENVIRON International Corporation, Nashville, TN
Tischler/Kocurek, Austin, Texas
ENVIRON International Corporation, Houston, TX
BWON (Benzene Waste Operations NESHAP)
 Aqueous Wastewater Considerations
− Influent wastewater benzene concentration must be <10 mg/L to
avoid required regulatory inventory accounting procedures
− Wastewater treatment bioplant must qualify as an Enhanced
Biodegradation Treatment Unit (EBU)
− Current approved control is by excellent benzene separation in
production processes and use of a NESHAPS Benzene Steam Striper
on benzene-laden wastewaters
 Wastewater Gaseous Emissions Considerations
− Applies to gaseous emissions from wastewater treatment processes
− Includes API separators, dissolved air and induced air flotation
processes, uncovered tanks and includes sumps and wet wells
emissions
− Must incorporate an approved Control Device to reduce benzene
emissions form these sources by 98%
− Current approved controls are thermal oxidizers and vapor-phase
activated carbon
BWON (Benzene Waste Operations NESHAP)
Wastewater Gaseous Emissions Considerations

Title 40: Protection of Environment: 40 CFR § 61.340 presents three
basic Control Devices that are acceptable, pursuant to specific design
constraints:
(i) An enclosed combustion device (e.g., vapor incinerator, boiler, or
process heater)
(ii) A vapor recovery system (e.g., a carbon adsorption system or a
condenser)
(iii)A flare

Title 40: Protection of Environment: 40 CFR § 61.340 also states
“other” Control Devices can be used provided that certain conditions
are met.
(iv) A control device other than those described in paragraphs (a)(2) (i)
through (iii) of this section may be used provided that the following
conditions are met:
BWON (Benzene Waste Operations NESHAP)
Wastewater Gaseous Emissions Considerations
(A) The device shall recover or control the organic emissions vented to
it with an efficiency of 95 weight percent or greater, or shall
recover or control the benzene emissions vented to it with an
efficiency of 98 weight percent or greater.
(B) The owner or operator shall develop test data and design
information that documents the control will achieve an emission
control efficiency of either 95 percent or greater for organic
compounds or 98 percent or greater for benzene.
(C) The owner or operator shall identify:
1) The critical operating parameters that affect the emission
control performance of the device;
2) The range of values of these operating parameters that ensure
the emission control efficiency specified in paragraph
(a)(2)(iv)(A) of this is maintained during operation of the
device; and
3) How these operating parameter will be monitored to ensure
the proper operation and maintenance of the device.
Overview
 From Nashville, TN:
The idea
 To Garyville, LA:
The testing site and first case study
 To Research Triangle, NC
(USEPA):
The endorsement
 To Baton Rouge, LA (LDEQ):
The final approval
 To Austin, TX:
ENVIRON workshop
 To weekly conference calls:
VOC BioTreat™ Core Group
 To creating marketing solutions: Brand, media relations, collateral
 To prestigious recognition:
AAEE E3 Grand Prize for Research
 To today:
Learn what you can; communicate
to your contacts; bring in Carl,
Greg or Andy
Prestigious Accolade:
National Grand Prize – Research Category 2011
VOC BioTreat has garnered the
coveted National Grand Prize in the
Research category of the
prestigious American Academy of
Environmental Engineers (AAEE)
2011 Excellence in Environmental
Engineering® (E3) Competition.
The concept was conceived,
developed and implemented by Dr.
Carl E. Adams, Jr., Global Practice
Area Leader: Industrial Wastewater
Management.
Kirkpatrick Award: Semifinalist
Kirkpatrick Chemical
Engineering Achievement
Award recognizes the most
innovative chemical
engineering technology
achieved through group
effort and successfully
commercialized worldwide
during the two years prior to
an award year.
Chemical Engineering
Magazine has awarded this
biennial prize continuously
since 1933.
VOC BioTreat was the 2011
Semi-Finalist
Louisiana Section of the Air & Waste Management
Association: 2011 Industry Award: Grand Prize
VOC BioTreat Technical Presentations and
Publications
“A Cost-Effective Alternative for VOC Control as Required by NESHAP [BWON, HON, MON, MACT],” AIChE Workshop,
Baton Rouge, LA, November 11, 2011.
“Innovative Cost-Effective Control Device for Wastewater VOC Emissions (As Required by NESHAPs [BWON, HON, MON,
MACT] and Other Regulations),” ENVIRON, Houston, Texas, November 3, 2011.
“Innovative Cost-Effective Control Device for Wastewater VOC Emissions (As Required by NESHAPs [BWON, HON, MON,
MACT] and Other Regulations),”WEFTEC 2011, October 17, Los Angeles, California.
“Innovative Cost-Effective Control Device for Wastewater VOC Emissions (As Required by NESHAPs [BWON, HON, MON,
MACT] and Other Regulations)”, CHEMINNOVATIONS Conference & Expo and the collocated ISA Houston Section
Conference & Expo., Houston, TX, George R. Brown Convention Center, Chemical Engineering Magazine, September
13 - 15, 2011.
"A Cost Effective Alternative for VOC Control as Required by NESHAP [BWON, HON, MON, MACT, RACT and Other
Regulations," Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Conference & Exhibition, Orlando, FL on June 21-24,
2011.
“Biological Control of Benzene-Containing Off Gases”, Petroleum Environmental Research Forum, San Ramon,
California, June 15, 2011.
“Patented & Innovative Cost-Saving Control Device for Facility-Generated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions”,
American Academy of Environmental Engineers, Excellence In Environmental Engineering, Conference Agenda
National Press Club, Washington, D.C., May 4, 2011.
VOC BioTreat Technical Presentations
and Publications (cont’d)
“Innovative Cost-Effective Control Device for Wastewater VOC Emissions (As Required by NESHAPs [BWON, HON, MON,
MACT] and Other Regulations)”, Chemical Engineering Magazine VOC BioTreat Interview, April 15, 2011.
Environmental News Record, interview for magazine with Gary Tulacz, April 1, 2011.
“A Cost-Effective Alternative for VOC Control as Required by NESHAP [BWON, HON, MON, MACT]”, Annual Mid-Western
Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Conference & Exhibition, Kansas City, December 2010.
“Innovative Cost-Effective Control Device for Wastewater VOC Emissions (As Required by NESHAPs [BWON, HON, MON,
MACT] and Other Regulations)”, Annual 2010 National Petroleum Refiners Association Environmental Conference,
San Antonio, TX, September 20-21, 2010.
“A Cost-Effective Alternative for VOC Control as Required by NESHAP [BWON, HON, MON, MACT]”, Annual Conference
+American Petroleum Institute’s Environmental Committee, Garyville, LA, June 2010.
“A Cost-Effective Alternative for VOC Control as Required by NESHAP [BWON, HON, MON, MACT]”, AIChE Workshop,
Chicago, IL, November 10, 2011.
“ENVIRON VOC BioTreat, Un sistema innovativo per il controllo delle emissiona di VOC, Italian Environmental Engineers
Association (Aria y Aqua), Remtech, Ferrara, Itlay, Oct 2011. POSTER SESSION.
“Treating Volatile Organics in Activated Sludge Treatment”, Indian Environmental Association, Annual Conference
“EnviroVision2011, Advances in Environmental Technologies & Management, Ahmedabad, India, 24 th-26th Nov,
2011.
What is VOC BioTreat ?
TM
What is VOC BioTreat?
• VOC BioTreat is the process of qualifying an Alternative
Control Device, other than Activated Carbon or Thermal
Oxidation, for the biodestruction of regulated
biodegradable VOC emissions.
• The Alternative Control Device is cost-effectively an
existing activated sludge process with emission sources in
proximity to a WWTP.
Typical Acceptable Control Devices
Thermal Oxidizers:
Flare or Gaseous Incinerator
Thermal
Oxidizers
Vapor-Phase Adsorption:
Granular Activated Carbon
Granular Activated
Carbon Canisters
Alternative Control Device
Alternative Control Device for a Refinery:
A Basic Overview
COMBINED WASTEWATER & AIR VOC BIOTREATMENT USING EXISTING FACILITIES
Air VOC Emissions Piped to Existing Bio-Blowers
EQ Tank
SITE PROCESS/
STORMWATER
WASTEWATERS
Dissolved
Nitrogen
Flotation
Unit
Activated
Sludge
Bioreactor
P-52
Secondary
Clarifier
API Separator
API Entry
Well
Site Process /
Stormwater Sump
Ambient
Air Inlet
to
Blower
API
Effluent
Well
API Pump
Well
DNF Wet
Well
Appropriate
Valving & LEL
Instrumentation
Recycled
Biomass
FINAL
EFFLUENT
A Cost-Effective Solution for the
Biodestruction of VOC Emissions
• Incorporates ENVIRON-developed protocols to
demonstrate an Alternative Control Device
• Confirms the use of existing biological
wastewater treatment facilities
• Follows exact EPA requirements and protocols
for approval
A Cost-Effective Solution for the
Biodestruction of VOC Emissions
• Conclusively demonstrates co-treatment of
gaseous emissions or VOCs and aqueous
soluble organics in existing wastewater
treatment facilities
• Using these protocols, most activated sludge
biotreatment systems can be qualified as an
Alternative Control Device to treat
biodegradable VOCs
• It is transferable to other VOC/HAP and
other regulations
• Provides excellent configuration flexibility
with existing facilities
Regulatory Interface & Approval
Regulatory Approval
Regulatory Interface & Approval
Specific projects
State of Louisiana
State of Wyoming: in process of approval
State of Mississippi: in process of approval
Regular invitation to ENVIRON
USEPA Research Triangle Park: Presented as a Technical Seminars(2)
USEPA region 5: Presented as a Technical Seminar
USEPA region 6: Presented as a Technical Seminar
USEPA region 7: Presented as a Technical Seminar
USEPA region 8: Presented as a Technical Seminar
Why VOC BioTreat ?
TM
Why VOC BioTreat?
• Economics, Economics, Economics!!!
– Typical systems (carbon or TOs) have much higher
operating costs
• O&M costs are typically <$10K per year
– Capital investment quickly recovered
(ROI <1 year typically, <2 yrs worst case)
– Discarding previously installed system carbon/TO ok
• OK, it’s not all economics!
– N2 blankets: expensive, maintenance issue, leakage
(pressurized)
– Sustainable at reduced costs
VOC BioTreat Application
Industrial Sectors
•
•
•
•
•
Refineries: BWON
Organic Chemicals: MACT (e.g., HON, MON, etc)
Pharmaceuticals: Pharma MACT
Coke plants (steel industry): BWON
Soil-Vapor-Extraction remediation systems
Regulatory Drivers
• Alternative NESHAP Wastewater Emission Control
• WWTP Compliance Assurance Monitoring Optimization
(CAM) for biological destruction efficiency (Fbio)
• Process Vent Control
VOC BioTreat Typical Applications
Soil-Vapor-Extraction
VOC BioTreat Projects in 2011
Client
Location
Industrial Classification
3M Corporation
Advocacy Project w/PERF
Air Products & Chemicals
Celanese Corporation
Chevron Refining
ConocoPhillips-Alliance
DuPont Corporation
ExxonMobil Refining
Frontier Refining
HEXION
Marathon Petroleum
Marathon Petroleum
Marathon Petroleum
Marathon Petroleum
NOVACHEM
SABIC
Shell Chemical Co.
Shell Oil Co.
TEVA
US Steel
Valero Refining
Valero Refining
Valero Refining
Cordova, IL
Oakland, CA
Calvert City, KY
Meredosia, IL
Pascagoula, MS
Belle Chasse, LA
Kinston, NC
Baton Rouge, LA
Cheyenne, WO
Louisville, KY
Robinson, IL
Texas City, TX
Detroit, MI
Garyville, LA
Red Deer, Canada
Ottawa, IL
Deer Park, TX
Australia
Mexico, MO
Gary, IN
Houston, TX
Pt. Arthur, TX
Corpus Christi, TX
Organic Chemicals
Refinery
Organic Chemcials
Organic Chemicals
Refinery
Refinery
Organic chemicals
Refinery
Refinery
Organic Chemicals
Refinery
Refinery
Refinery
Refinery
Ethylene Refinery
Organic Chemicals
Organic Chemicals
Refinery
Pharmaceuticals
Coking Facility
Refinery
Refinery
Refinery
Conclusions
VOC BioTreat – the Process
TM
How is it Applicable?
High-Level Assessment:
Comprehensive Questionnaire
• Existing WWTP amenable to the technology?
– Diffused aeration system
– Deep tanks
– Existing blowers have adequate air flow treatment capacity
(modification may be necessary)
• VOC emission sources appropriate for technology?
– Compounds relatively biodegradable
– Compounds have sufficient solubility
(relatively low Henry’s Law constants)
– VOC air volume compatible with WWTP diffused air treatment capacity
• Favorable economics?
– Reasonable proximity of VOC sources to WWTP
– Current system O&M costs
– Minimal modifications required to adapt WWTP to technology
VOC BioTreat – The Process
STEP 1
High-Level Feasibility Evaluation
STEP 2
Develop preliminary facility-specific model with assumed
biodegradation rate to gauge benzene removal performance
requirements and obtain initial Agency concurrence for approach
STEP 3
Conduct BOX testing to determine site-specific VOC
biodegradation rate and maximize VOC BioTreat effectiveness
STEP 4
Conduct Core Column Simulation Full-scale confirmation testing
STEP 5
Obtain final Agency approval of Alternative Control Device
STEP 6
Prepare detailed engineering plan and implement Alternative
Control Device solution
Steps 1 & 2 must be concluded favorably before proceeding with
the remaining steps.
Case History
Marathon Petroleum Company
Garyville Refinery (MPC)
Garyville, Louisiana
Petroleum Refinery: BWON Alternative Control Device
Why was MPC-Garyville an Excellent Choice?
• Economics, Economics, Economics!
− Current MPC system had very high operating cost (energy and
carbon)
− Discarding initial capital investment wasn’t a deal breaker
− BioTreat alternative costs almost nothing to operate
• OK, it wasn’t all economics!
− N2 blanket system leakage degrading overall performance of
current system (not an issue for BioTreat alternative)
− Reduction in carbon footprint, better sustainability aspects
− Substantial reduction in energy requirements
− Simplicity of installation and operation of BioTreat alternative
(maintenance cost likely much lower)
Current/Proposed Benzene Control Devices
MPC asked ENVIRON
to develop protocols
to qualify the
existing activated
sludge system (AIS)
as an Alternative
Control Device.
MPC Case History – Economic
Economic Impacts for VOC Control Devices
MPC – Garyville Refinery WWTP
COST-EFFECTIVE IMPACT
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
Capital
cost ($)
Annual
operating cost ($)
Thermal Oxidizer
600,000
340,000
240,000
500,000
350,000
Minimal
Granular Activated Carbon
(6 carbon canisters on each of two API
separators, 22 change-outs/yr per API)
+ Maintenance of N2 blanket
Biological
(piping, fans and connection to blowers)
MPC Case History – Sustainability
Economic Impacts for VOC Control Devices
MPC – Garyville Refinery WWTP
ANNUAL IMPACT
Process Technology
Thermal Oxidizer
(calculated)
Granular Activated Carbon
(in operation)
Energy Consumption
CO2 Emissions
Million BTUs per year
Tons CO2 per year
45,700
2,690
192
10
Minimal
Minimal
Biological
(no additional energy required or
CO2 generated, due to minimal
organics being treated)
Proposed Alternative Control Device
BioReactor Construction
UNICELL
Induced Air
Flotation
(IGF)
Marathon Petroleum Company
Garyville, Louisiana Refinery
Closed-Circuit
Cooling Tower
Reliable Data on Benzene
Critical Benzene Mass Balance for MPC–Garyville
Inputs to Site-Specific Model
Major Variables
Other Significant Variables
 Benzene Biodegradation Rate
• Air Distribution in Zones
− Table 2 represents various
experimentally-determined biorates
from API and ENVIRON databases
 Air Flow
 Biomass Concentrations
 Potential Benzene Injection
Locations into AIS
 Benzene Loadings & Mass Balance
• Depth of BioReactor
• Aeration Tank Surface Area
• Temperature
• Hydraulic Flow Rate & COD
Loading
Models for Calculating VOC BioTreat™ Emissions
 Applicable models
− EPA WATER9
− TOXCHEM+
− BASTE
 TOXCHEM+ is preferred – can simulate vapor to liquid phase transfer
 All are identified in 40 CFR 63 Appendix C as “acceptable” for HAP emissions
calculations for biological treatment Units
 All three models calculate the following:
 VOC emission rates (g/sec, tons/yr)
− Fractions of influent VOC mass loading emitted, biodegraded, and
discharged-overall and for each process unit individually
 Model inputs:
− Site-specific physical and operating characteristics
− Site-specific compound biorates (each has default rates)
BWON Modeling Benzene Biodegradation Rates
BENZENE BIODEGRADATION RATES – EXPERIMENTAL VALUES
K1 (L/g VSS-hr) @ 20 oC
Data referred to as API
is from Table 5 of the
API/NPRA comments to
EPA dated
December 28, 2007.
Refinery
Test Type
Date
Runs
Average for
Multiple Runs
Value Selected
for Model
Evaluation
API-A
BOX
Nov-06
2
48.9
-----
API-A
Method
304A
Nov-06
1
120.1
84.5
API -B
BOX
Oct-97
1
79.1
79.1
API-C
BOX
Oct-97
2
78.4
78.4
API-D
EKR
Jul-96
4
17.3
17.3
API-D
BOX
Jul-96
5
122
-----
API-E
BOX
Sept-94
5
122
-----
API-E
BOX
Nov-94
2
31
-----
API-E
BOX
Dec-94
6
199
-----
API-E
BOX
Apr-95
5
199
-----
API-E
BOX
Apr-95
7
172
API-E
BOX
Jun-95
4
206
185.5
API-F
BOX
Jul-95
3
4.4
4.4
Mar-00
3
64
64
API-G
ENVIRON-1
BOX
Jul-09
2
23.4
23.4
ENVIRON-2
BOX
Mar-11
1
19.7
19.7
ENVIRON-3
BOX
Aug-11
1
10.8
10.8
ENVIRON-4
BOX
Aug-11
1
6.4
6.4
API Water 9 Default Rate (EPA requires that Default Rate be used if industry
chooses not to conduct BOX Test to determine site-specific benzene
biodegradation rate.
1.4
Benzene Removal with Preliminarily Assumed
Rates vs. Actual Site-Specific Rate
(Corrected to 20°C)
Develop Site-Specific Biodegradation Rate;
Select Appropriate EPA-Recommended Approach
Source: EPA 40 CFR part 63, Appendix C, Figure 1
Develop Site-Specific Biodegradation Rate
BOX Test Apparatus that is typically used
Typical BOX Test Apparatus
Option 1
Typical BOX Test Apparatus
Option 2
Develop Site-Specific Biodegradation Rate
BOX Test Apparatus Developed by ENVIRON
Develop Site-Specific Biodegradation Rate
BOX Test Column
(without aeration)
Air Supply Tank
(Supplies BOX Test
Column & GC)
Fine-Bubble Air
Diffuser (Off)
Develop Site-Specific Biodegradation Rate
Voyager Photovac Online
Photo-ionization GC
Sample Syringes
BENZENE IN OFF-GAS EMISSIONS (ppmv)
Comparative Results of Benzene
Stripping with and without Biomass
250
WITHOUT BIOMASS
~2 mg/L Benzene added to filtered effluent
200
150
WITH BIOMASS
~2 mg/L Benzene added to biomass
MLVSS concentration of 800 mg/L
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
TIME (min)
250
300
350
400
450
Development of Preliminary Site-Specific
Benzene Control Model
Rerun Calibrated Model with Site-Specific
Biodegradation Rate
• The site-specific biodegradation rate, corrected to 20°C, is
– 22.6 L/g VSS-hr @ 20°C at Marathon-Garyville
• The Toxchem+ model will adjust the rate to the selected
temperature for full-scale operating conditions
Benzene Removal with Preliminarily Assumed
Rates vs. Actual Site-Specific Rate
(corrected to 20°C)
Full-Scale Confirmation Flux Chamber:
Less Desirable Option
Full-Scale Confirmation
Performance Validation of
Full-Scale System
Using VOC BioTreat
Column Protocols
Full-Scale Confirmation
Off-gas vent
Sample gas line
to on-line gc
Gravity overflow line back
to full-scale aerobic zone
Recycle biomass
Port
Influent
Wastewater
Sample port
Support
pipe
(empty)
Drain
Aeration +
Benzene input
Full-Scale Confirmation
Performance
Validation of
Full-Scale System
Using VOC BioTreat
Column Protocols
Full-Scale Confirmation
Full-Scale Confirmation Results
Benzene analytical results of full-scale confirmation
Run #
Benzene Concentration
ppbv
Outlet
Blower Inlet
Vent
Benzene
Biodestruction
(%)
Percent of
Design
Condition
Performance
Versus Regulatory
Requirements
1
21
< 2.0
> 90.6
100%
Inconclusive due to
analytical limitations
3A
121
< 2.0
> 98.3
>500%
Exceeds
3B
153
< 2.0
> 98.7
>700%
Exceeds
4A
156
< 2.0
> 98.7
>700%
Exceeds
4B
482
13.3
> 97.2
>2200%
Below
5A
182
< 2.0
> 98.9
>800%
Exceeds
5B
226
< 2.0
> 99.1
>1000%
Exceeds
Design is 98% at inlet of 14 ppb. Results showed 16 times that
capacity. Breakthrough at ~400-500 ppbv.
Regulatory Approval
Repeat of
Slide 15
Case History
Economic Evaluations for Sustainability
Confirmation
Western Refinery, Wyoming, USA: 65,000 bbls/day
Case History – Economic
Economic Impacts for VOC Control Devices
Cost-Effective Impact
Process Technology
Capital cost
($)
Annual Operating
Cost ($)
Granular Activated Carbon (2 large carbon
vessels on DAFs, multiple other carbon
canisters; over 300,000 lbs/yr activated
carbon consumption w/ no reactivation
option)
200,000
780,000
VOC BioTreat (validation, engineering
piping, instrumentation, and connection
to blowers)
460,000
< 10,000
Energy Savings / Sustainability Aspects
Case Study No. 2: Replace Activated Carbon Canisters at Wyoming Refinery
Sustainability Aspects
Case Study
Scenario
Benzene Control Technology
Energy Consumption Activity
Total Energy Usage
(mmBTU/year)
Carbon Emissions
(tons CO2/year)
Transport to/from Reactivation Facility
547
63
Reactivation Process (315,000 lbs/yr)
1,859
116
Totals
2,406
179
8.1
2.5
2,398
177
Activated Carbon Canisters
Current
Control
System
VOC BioTreat
Alternative
Biological Treatment in WWTP
Additional Power for Aeration Blowers
Total Energy Savings / GHG reductions
Current Benzene Vapor Controls: SE, USA Refinery
(Activated Carbon Canisters), 350,000 bbls/day
Main
Sump
BOTTOMS
API
#7
FLOAT
3 DNF Units
CPI #6
= 2,000 lb Canister
= 1,000 lb Canister
= 20,000 lb Container
API #2
API
#1
Energy Savings / Sustainability Aspects, SE USA
Case Study No. 3: Replace Activated Carbon Canisters at Mississippi Refinery
Sustainability Aspects
Case Study
Scenario
Benzene Control Technology
Energy Consumption Activity
Total Energy Usage
(mmBTU/year)
Carbon Emissions
(tons CO2/year)
422
146
Reactivation Process
1,564
98
Totals
1,985
244
10.8
1.0
1,974
243
Activated Carbon Canisters
Transport to/from Reactivation Facility
Current
Control
System
VOC BioTreat
Alternative
Biological Treatment in WWTP
Additional Power for Aeration Blowers
Total Energy Savings / GHG reductions
Redirect Vent Stream from Flare to Biological
WWTP, MidWest, USA, Refinery, 200,000 bbls/day
Energy Savings / Sustainability Aspects
MidWest Refinery, USA
Case Study No. 4: Replace Small Dedicated Flare at Illinois Refinery
Sustainability Aspects
Case Study
Scenario
Benzene Control Technology
Energy Consumption Activity
Total Energy Usage
(mmBTU/year)
Carbon Emissions
(tons CO2/year)
48,640
2,860
Steam Assist and Blower
10,648
632
Totals
59,288
3,492
13.0
4.0
59,275
3,488
Steam-Assisted Flare
Nat. Gas Pilot and Refinery Fuel Gas
Current
Control
System
VOC BioTreat
Alternative
Biological Treatment in WWTP
Additional Power for Aeration Blowers
Total Energy Savings / GHG reductions
Schematic of Wastewater Treatment Plant with
Current Benzene Vapor Controls (8,000 scfm RTO)
RTO
Energy Savings / Sustainability Aspects,
SW Refinery, 350,000 bbls/day
Case Study No. 5: Replace regenerative Thermal Oxidizer at Texas Refinery
Sustainability Aspects
Case Study
Scenario
Benzene Control Technology
Energy Consumption Activity
Total Energy Usage
(mmBTU/year)
Carbon Emissions
(tons CO2/year)
12,960
765
260
80
13,219
845
15.2
4.7
13,204
840
Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer
Supplemental Fuel (nat. gas)
Current
Control
System
Electric Power for RTO Blower
Totals
VOC BioTreat
Alternative
Biological Treatment in WWTP
Additional Power for Aeration Blowers
Total Energy Savings / GHG reductions
Questions & Answers