HON – Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure, Chapter 6 (168-190)
Vocabulary Mastery
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1. SESAMOID BONES – small, flat bones
ex. Patella
2. WORMIAN BONES – also called sutural/small, flat bones of the skull
3. OSSEOUS – bone tissue
4. COMPACT AND CANCELLOUS – spongy bone
5. DIAPHYSIS, EPIPHYSIS, AND METAPHYSIS – diaphysis: long, tubular shaft of long
bone; epiphysis: expanded end area of long bone; metaphysic: narrow zone that connects
diaphysis and epiphysis
6. YELLOW AND RED MARROW – mixture of mature and immature red blood cells, white
blood cells // yellow is dominated by fat cells
7. HYDROXYAPATITE – crystals that form when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium
hydroxide
8. OSTEOCYTE – mature bone cells
9. OSTEOBLASTS – build new bone matrix in a process called osteogenesis
10. OSTEOCLASTS – giant cells that remove bone matrix
11. OSTEOLYSIS – erosion resorption process important in regulation of Ca & phosphate in
body fluids
12. HAVERSIAN SYSTEM – fundamental unit of mature compact bone
13. TRABECULAE – the struts and plates of spongy bone
14. PERIOSTEUM, ENDOSTEUM – periosteum: covers compact bone; endosteum: lines bone
marrow cavity
15. INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION – produce dermal bones such as the flat bones of
the skull
16. ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION – process that forms most bones of the body and
begins with hyaline cartilage
17. REMODELING – the continuous process of bone recycling and renewing itself
18. CALCITONIN / & PTH – a secretion of the thyroid gland that can regulate the calcium ion
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19. FRACTURE – crack or break in bone tissue
20. OSTEOPENIA – reduction of bone mass that results as a normal part of the aging process
21. OSTEOPOROSIS – reduction of bone mass that compromises normal function; can result in
hip fracture
22. OSTEOMALACIA – results from bones being weak due to poor mineralization
23. BONE MARKINGS – surface features of bone
24. GIGANTISM – results from overproduction of GH before puberty
25. ACROMEGALY – results when GH rises after bones have been “set” (after puberty)
26. MARFAN’S SYNDROME – characteristics of this abnormality include tall, long, slender
limbs
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