By: Mr. Daniell
The Thirteen Colonies
There are two major
reasons for the
establishment of a
colony; profit or
religious freedom.
Colonial Facts
Religion
vs.
Profit
 William Penn’s Pennsylvania
 Virginia was founded by the

was the most religiously
tolerant colony.
 Rhode Island and Connecticut
were founded by religious
dissidents.
 Maryland experienced several
civil wars due to religious
intolerance.
Virginia Co. for profit.
 Georgia was founded as a
haven for debtors(people who
owed money.
 The Carolinas were chartered
and financed by eight English
noblemen wanting in on the
profitable tobacco cash crop.
New England Colonies

Colony # 2:
Massachusetts
 Founded in 1620 by the
Pilgrims.
 Plymouth was the original
name of the settlement.
 John Carver was the leader
of the Pilgrims and author of
the Mayflower Compact.
 Puritans then came and
settled Boston (Mass. Bay
Colony)
 John Winthrop was the
governor of this settlement.
 New England Colony
Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall
(1882)
Plymouth Plantation, with
Cape Cod Bay visible in the
distance
Colony # 2: Massachusetts
The first Thanksgiving.
Colony #4: Rhode Island
 In 1636, Rhode Island
became a colony after
Roger Williams, a
clergyman, obtained a
charter from England to
form the colony.
 He spoke out against
the Puritans strictness
and went to this area to
settle and provide
religious choice.
 Rhode Island also had
freedom of religion.
 New England Colony
Roger Williams
“minister, author”
Colony #5: Connecticut
Also founded in 1636
by a clergyman by
then name of Thomas
Hooker.
He led a group of
people from Rhode
Island to start their
own colony and they
had freedom of religion.
New England Colony
A map of the Connecticut, New
Haven, and Saybrook colonies.
Colony #9: New
Hampshire
Sold to the king of
England in 1679.
Royal colony: king
chooses governor
and no elected
government.
New England
Colony
Physical Characteristics of
New England Colonies

Land – rocky soil
Climate – Long cold winters and a short
growing season prevented the cultivation of
many crops
Major city: Boston
New England Human
Characteristics

Immigrants supplied manufacturers with a
new source of labor.
Most people lived in cities, towns, or villages.
Rural residents were less common than in the
South.
New England Human
Characteristics

 Pilgrims – founders of
Plymouth Colony who came
to America for religious freedom
New England Human
Characteristics

Puritans – founders of Massachusetts Bay
Colony came to America for religious
freedom and to “purify” the Church of
England.
New England Human
Characteristics

Roger Williams – founded the colony of
Rhode Island (RI)for religious freedom after
escaping from imprisonment in
Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC)
New England Human
Characteristics

Anne Hutchinson – helped
settle Rhode Island after
being exiled from
Massachusetts Bay Colony
New England Human
Characteristics

John Winthrop – Puritan leader of Boston;
governor of Massachusetts; instrumental in
the expulsion of Roger Williams and Anne
Hutchinson
New England Economic
Activities

Manufacturing( fast-flowing rivers created
water power needed for milling)
New England Economic
Activities

Trade (deep
water harbors
and rivers)
New England Economic
Activities

Shipping and shipbuilding (harbors)
New England Economic
Activities

Lumbering
New England Economic
Activities

Furs
New England Economic
Activities

 Fishing and Whaling
New England Economic
Activities

Because of unproductive land and poor
climate, practiced subsistence farming
(farming whose products are intended
to provide for the basic needs of the
farmer, with a small additional amount
for trade)(growing enough for your
family and a little for trade)
Grew Corn and Wheat
The Middle Colonies

Colony #8: New York
 Started as New
Netherland, a Dutch
colony in 1609
 James Duke of York was
given it from Charles II.
 The English took over in
1664 and renamed it New
York.
 Middle Colony
(Breadbasket Colony)
James, Duke of York
Colony #10: Pennsylvania
 In 1681, William Penn was
granted a charter for land
between Maryland and
New York.
 King Charles was in debt
to Penn’s father.
 Penn was a Quaker and he
gave the people two rights:
1. Freedom of Religion
2. Right to elect public
officials.
 Middle Colony
(Breadbasket Colony
Colony #11: Delaware
In 1682, the Duke of
York granted William
Penn this land.
It became a colony in
1704.
Middle Colony
(Breadbasket Colony)
Colony #12: New Jersey
Map of New Netherland (17th
century)
The Duke of York split
this land in half for two
friends. (East Jersey &
West Jersey)
Government quarrels
caused them to be
combined in 1702.
Middle Colony
(Breadbasket Colony)
Middle Colonies
Physical Characteristics

Land – river valleys, fertile soil
Climate – mild winters
Major city: Philadelphia
Human Characteristics in
the Middle Colonies

Most landowners farmed their own land.
Human Characteristics in
the Middle Colonies

Religious tolerance
More equality and diversity in
society
Human Characteristics in
the Middle Colonies

Quakers – wished to worship freely; treated
all people equally, regardless of wealth,
religion, race, or gender
Human Characteristics in
the Middle Colonies

 William Penn – Quaker leader who founded
Pennsylvania, welcoming all who were willing to
work; paid the Native Americans for acquired land
and signed a peace treaty with them.
(friend of the Indians)
Human Characteristics in
the Middle Colonies

Some slave
labor was
used at small
farms.
Economic Activity in the
Middle Colonies

Fertile land produced grains
Known as the "Bread Basket"
Economic Activity in the
Middle Colonies

 Seaports
 Iron works
The Southern Colonies

Colony # 1: Virginia
 Founded in 1607 (Jamestown)
 Captain John Smith is given credit
for starting this colony.
 Many people at this time wanted
to leave their homeland in order to
have more freedoms and to not be
under the strict rule of the kings of
England.
 Southern Colony
Colony # 1: Virginia
At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of
Christopher Newport's 3 ships are
docked in the harbor.
A Pocahontas
statue was erected
in Jamestown,
Virginia in 1922
Map of Virginia published by
John Smith (1612)
Colony # 3: Maryland
 Founded in 1634 by George
Calvert who started a charter
but didn’t live to see it come
true. He believed all people
should have religious
freedom.
 King Charles I was king and
didn’t agree with the religious
freedom.
 In 1649, the Toleration Act
was passed that guaranteed
equality of rights for everyone
for religion.
 Southern Colony
George Calvert, Lord
Baltimore
Colony #6: North Carolina
 Founded in 1663 by
English nobles.
 Charter granted by
Charles II.
 Charleston: main city
was named after
Charles II. Became
very important port
city.
 Bad politics forced a
split of the colony into
North and South.
 Southern Colony
King Charles II
Colony #7: South Carolina
In 1729 South
Carolina received its
name after a political
dispute and became a
colony.
Had large plantations
for growing crops
and raising livestock.
Southern Colony
Colony #13: Georgia
 It became a colony in
1733.
 James Oglethorpe was
granted a charter to
start Georgia for the
poor and unfortunate
who leave prison.
 It was known as a
buffer zone between the
Spanish and the English
colonies.
 Southern Colony
Physical Characteristics of
the Southern Colonies

Land –fertile land in the Tidewater region
along the East Coast and coastal regions of
the Deep South
Climate – mild winters, long growing season
Major city: Charleston (on Atlantic)was a
main ports
Human Characteristics in
the Southern Colonies

Plantation owners depended on slave labor
to cultivate large one-crop operations.
Human Characteristics in
the Southern Colonies

First Africans came to Jamestown in 1619 as “
servants” – either slaves or indentured
servants
Human Characteristics in
the Southern Colonies

Small farms used family labor.
Small farms were
generally found in
the Piedmont region
Human Characteristics in
the Southern Colonies

 James Oglethorpe – founded the colony of Georgia
as a haven for debtors, Georgia served as a buffer
zone with Spanish Florida
Economic Activity in the
Southern Colonies

Most inhabitants (people) lived in rural areas
and were engaged in agriculture.
Large plantations produced cash crops:
tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton, and sugar cane
Economic Activity in the
Southern Colonies

 Rivers could be
navigated for
transporting
agricultural products to
market.
Growth of Plantation System
in the Southern Colonies

 Triangular Trade: During colonial times, a triangular
trade developed between the British colonies and
Africa. New England imported sugar and molasses
from the West Indies, made it into rum, shipped it,
along with iron, to African countries along the west
coast, and traded the rum for gold and slaves who
were brought to the colonies to work on tobacco and
rice plantations in the South.
Growth of Plantation System
in the Southern Colonies

 The Plantation System was based on cash crops, such
as rice, sugar, indigo, or tobacco. Slaves were the
source of labor on a plantation. The social structure
of the South was based on the number of slaves a
planter owned. The largest plantation owners and
slaveholders had the highest social status. Poor
white non-slaveholders were next. Indentured
servants were one social class above the slave.
Slaves resisted slavery: an example of a slave
rebellion was the Stono Rebellion.
Growth of the Colonies
As the colonies grew their economic, political
 became apparent.
and religious differences
Colonies
Economic
Political
Religious
New England
Fishing, trade ,
furs
Town
Meetings,most
democratic
Congregational
Church (Puritan)
Middle
Grain farms
“Breadbasket”
Representative
legislatures
Many churches,
religious tolerance
Southern
Plantations
Tobacco,
indigo
“cash crops”
Royal system
Anglican Church,
State church
Generalizations about how the
environment affected population
density:

 Early settlements were located on rivers and the
coastline. This allowed for easy access to a water
source as well as transportation for people and
goods.
 The Appalachian Mountains served as a barrier to
westward expansion to the earliest settlers.
Generalizations about
contributions of groups to our
national
identity

 Native Americans - Taught early colonists many
important skills for surviving the New World. They
taught colonists how to grow crops such as corn and
how to build and travel by canoe. Many common
American words and place names were originally
Native American.
Generalizations about
contributions of groups to our
national identity

 African Americans - Brought with them from Africa
many important skills that they taught white
Americans. For instance, they brought with them
the knowledge of rice cultivation. African influences
also shaped American music, language and food.
Generalizations about
contributions of groups to our
national identity

 Quakers - Due to religious beliefs, the Quakers
treated all people equally, regardless of wealth,
religion, race, or gender. This is why Quakers made
significant contributions to reform movements such
as abolition, temperance, and women's rights.
Generalizations about
contributions of groups to our
national
identity

Catholics – Established missions for
Christianizing Indians from the
Mississippi River west to the Pacific
Generalizations about
contributions of groups to our
national identity

Puritans – Jonathan Edwards, a
Massachusetts preacher, started the
revival of interest in religion, called the
Great Awakening