Of all the Anti-Federalist’s
arguments against the
Constitution, which do you
think is the most
persuasive?

Warm Up 3/2
Explain the positions of the
Federalists & Anti-Federalists
regarding the Constitution.
Conduct a primary document
analysis of the Federalist Paper No.
84 using the R.E.A.P. Method
Identify and explain the six
Principles of Government by
reading text and creating a foldable.

Objectives
Anti-Federalists
Feared a strong national government
Criticized the Constitution for having been
drafted in private
Claimed it was extralegal
Convention had been authorized only to
revise the old Articles
Felt the Constitution took important
powers from the states
Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights

Federalists
Need a strong national government or else
anarchy will triumph
Only a strong national gov’t could protect
the nation from enemies abroad
Strong national gov’t can solve the
country’s internal problems
Bill of Rights not necessary since 8 states
already had such bills in their state
constitutions

Turn in your cubes!
{
We’ll make them Wednesday during our short
period.
Federalist Papers
Series of 85 articles supporting the
ratification of the Constitution
Published in the The Independent
Journal and The New York Packet
Articles were published under a
pseudonym “Publius”

James Madison, Alexander
Hamilton and John Jay

Anti-Federalist Papers
Collection of articles, written in
opposition to the ratification of the
Constitution
Danger the Constitution would
bring without a statement of
individual rights
George Clinton, Robert Yates,
Richard Henry Lee

To what expedient, then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in
practice the necessary partition of power among the several
departments as laid down in the Constitution ….
In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct
exercise of the different powers of government, which to a
certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the
preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should
have a will of its own; and consequently should be so
constituted that the members of each should have as little
agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the
others. Were this principle rigorously adhered to, it would
require that all the appointments for the supreme executive,
legislative, and judiciary magistracies should be drawn from the
same fountain of authority, the people, through channels having
no communication whatever with one another …
R
The Federalist,
No. 51 written by
James Madison

A
Helps persevere liberty
 People should have the
power to choose the
members of each
branch
E

The main idea that
Madison is arguing is
for the separation of
powers in
government
P

??
Federalist No. 84
Read the excerpt from
The Federalist No. 84
Use the R.E.A.P. Method
in order to uncover
essential information
from the document
15 minutes to complete
your analysis!
Only 40 of the original 55
delegates actually signed the
Constitution on September 17,
1787.
 For the new Constitution to
become law, 9 of the 13 states had
to ratify it.
 Debate over ratification lasted
until May 29, 1790.

Time for Ratification
Principles of the
Constitution
{ We’ve looked at a lot of
principles…which ones did we
include in the Constitution?
Popular
Sovereignty
Federalism
Separation of
Powers

Checks and
Balances
Judicial Review
Limited
Government

Major Principles
Read Major Principles section of the text (p.
65-67)
 Complete steps 1, 3, and 4b for each Principle
 The remaining steps for completing the
foldable are homework
 The foldable is due Friday 3/6

Principles of Government
Foldable