US Presidents 1-44 George Washington • Served: 1789 – 1797 • Vice President : John Adams • First Lady: Martha Washington • Party Affiliation: None • • • • • Commander of Continental Army President of Constitutional Convention Unanimously elected twice Portrait on $1.00 Bill Likeness carved on Mount Rushmore John Adams • Served: 1797 – 1801 • Vice President: Thomas Jefferson • First Lady: Abigail Smith • Party Affiliation: Federalist • Successfully defended British Soldiers accused of murder in Boston Massacre • Signed Declaration of Independence • Negotiated Treaty of Paris in 1783 ending the American Revolution • First President to occupy White House • Father of the 6th President Thomas Jefferson • Served: 1801 - 1809 • VIce President: Aaron Burr, George Clinton • First Lady: Widowed in 1782. • Party Affiliation: DemocraticRepublican • • • • • Author of the Declaration of Independence. Virginia Governor (1779 – 1781) Financed Lewis and Clark Expedition Portrait on $2.00 bill and Nickel Likeness carved on Mount Rushmore James Madison • Served: 1809-1817 • Vice President: George Clinton, Elbridge Gerry • First Lady: Dorothea Todd • Party Affiliation: DemocraticRepublican • “Father of the Constitution: • Played a large role in drafting Bill of Rights • President during War of 1812 James Monroe • Served: 1817 - 1825 • Vice President: Daniel Tompkins • First Lady: Elizabeth Kortright • Party Affiliation: DemocraticRepublican • Captured Florida from Spain • Signed Missouri Compromise, temporarily setting slavery issue • Monroe Doctrine declared America closed to further foreign colonization. John Quincy Adams • Served: 1825-1829 • Vice President: John Calhoun • First Lady: Louisa Catherine Johnson • Party Affiliation: DemocraticRepublican • Son of the 2nd president • Named “Old Man Eloquent” because of his persuasive speeches • Member of congress for 18 years after he was president Andrew Jackson • Served: 1829-1837 • Vice-president: John C. Calhoun • Party Affiliation: Democratic • First Lady: Widowed in 1828 • War Hero nicknamed ”Old Hickory” • Founder of Democratic Party • Indian Removal Act forced migration of American Indians • On the $20.00 Bill Martin Van Buren • Served: 1837-1841 • Vice-president: Richard M. Johnson • Party Affiliation: Democratic • First Lady: Widowed in 1819 • Ran for president 3 times. • “O.K.” comes fro the campaign slogan “Old Kinderhook” • Believed government role should be small even in times of need • Helped form first “Political Machine,” an organization that trades favors for votes. William Henry Harrison • Served: 1841 • Vice-president: John Tyler • Party Affiliation: Whig • First Lady: None • • • • First Whig president Grandfather of the 23th president Served shortest term of all presidents First president to die on office. Died in the White House. John Tyler • • • • Served: 1841-1845 Vice-president: None Party Affiliation: Whig First Lady: Letitia Christian and Julia Gardiner • First vice President to become President • Because a president without any ties because the Whigs disbanded • First President married in office • First impeach attempt (it Failed) • Set up trade relations with China James Knox Polk • Served: 1845-1849 • Vice-president: George M. Dallas • Party Affiliation: Democratic • First Lady: Sarah Childress • First Dark-horse (little known) candidate • Mexican War Victory extended nation’s boundaries to pacific ocean • Gold Rush spurred western expansion • Oregon Treaty established 48th parallel as Canadian Border Zachary Taylor • Served: 1849-1850 • Vice-president: Millard Fillmore • Party Affiliation: Whig • First Lady: Margaret Mackall Smith • • • • Called ”Old Rough and Ready” by his troops. Never voted until his own presidential election 1st election held at the same time in all states Died in the Whitehouse after 16 months in office Millard Fillmore • • • • Served: 1850-1853 Vice-president: None Party Affiliation: Whig First Lady: Abigail Powers • Last Whig President • Compromise of 1850 delayed Civil War by 10 years • Enforced the Fugitive lave laws • Financed expedition to far East, opening door to trade with japan Franklin Pierce • Served: 1853-1857 • Vice-president: William R. King • Party Affiliation: Democratic • First Lady: Jane Means Appleton • Supported immigrant rights • Unsuccessful attempt to seize Cuba From Spain • Purchase Land from Mexico, establishing present border • Passed controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act, nullifying Missouri Compromise James Buchanan • Served: 1857-1861 • Vice-president: John C. Breckinridge • Party Affiliation: Democratic • First Lady: Never Married • • • • Only Bachelor President 40 years prior service in Congress and senate Campaigned on “Save the Union” theme During presidency, six slave states seceded to form new “Confederate States of America” • Democrats split into North and South during 1860 presidential election, but neither would re-nominate him. Abraham Lincoln • Served: 1861-1865 • Vice-president: Hannibal Hamiln, Andrew Johnson • Party Affiliation: Republican • First Lady: Mary Todd • • • • • President during the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves Assassinated beginning of the 2nd term Portrait on $5.00 bill and penny Likeness carved on Mount Rushmore Andrew Johnson • Served: 1865-1869 • Vice-president: None • Party Affiliation: Union • First Lady: Eliza McCardle • Only southern senator during the Civil War who refused to secede with his state • 1st impeachment vote by House of Representatives, acquitted by Senate • Start of Southern Reconstruction • Slavery officially abolished • Purchased Alaska from Russia Ulysses Simpson Grant • Served: 1869-1877 • Vice-president: Schuyler Colfax, Henry Wilson • Party Affiliation: Republican • First Lady: Julia Dent • • • • General-in-Chief of the union Army Continued Reconstruction of the South Established Yellowstone National Park Portrait on $50.00 Rutherford B. Hayes • Served: 1877-1881 • Vice-president: William A Wheeler • Party Affiliation: Republican • First Lady: Lucy Ware Webb • Volunteer counsel for Underground Railway helping slaves win their freedom • Congress had to create special electoral Commission to decide deadlock presidential election. • Declared winner just 56 hours before inauguration • Withdrew Troops from South James Abram Garfield • Served: 1881 • Vice-president: Chester Alan Arthur • Party Affiliation: Republican • First Lady: Lucretia Rudolph • Served 6 months • 2nd president to be assassinated • Alexander Graham Bell tried unsuccessfully to locate bullet in Garfield's back • Death served as catalyst for civil service reform Chester Alan Arthur • Served: 1881-1885 • Vice-president: None • Party Affiliation: Republican • First Lady: Widowed in 1880 • • • • Defender of Civil Right for Blacks Passed first Civil service Law Modernized Navy Unsuccessfully vetoed bill prohibiting Chinese immigration Grover Cleveland • Served: 1885-1889 • Vice-president: Thomas A. Hendricks • Party Affiliation: Democratic • First Lady: Frances Folsom • • • • 1st Democratic president after the Civil War Married in White House Dedicated Statue of Liberty Forced return of illegal railroad lands Benjamin Harrison • Served: 1889-1893 • Vice-president: Levi P. Morton • Party Affiliation: Republican • First Lady: Caroline Lavinia Scott • • • • Called “ little Ben” because of his size Grandson of 9th president Established first Pan American Congress Enlarged the Navy