Male and Female
Reproductive Systems
KNOW:
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NOTES ON REPRODUCTION SYSTEM
Label Male/Female reproductive organs
Know key terms and function of key terms
TESTES, OVARY, PLACENTA, LABOR,
MENSTRUATION, MENSTRUAL CYCLE, SEX CELL
NUMBERS, ZYGOTE, FETUS AND EMBRYO
• KNOW WHAT THE OVARIES AND TESTES PRODUCE
• KNOW STAGES OF CHILDBIRTH FROM OVULATION,
FERTLIZATION, ZYGOTE, EMBRYO, FETUS, LABOR
AND CHILDBIRTH
Gametes – Sex Cells
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What are the male and female sex cells?
– Female produce an egg, a haploid cell that
contains 23 chromosomes in its nucleus.
– Males produce sperm, which is composed of
a head that contains 23 chromosomes and a
tail that helps it move. Sperm mixes with
other fluids to make semen.
– Semen is the environment in which 5 to 10
million sperm per drop can swim in.
Fertilization
• What is the product of fertilization?
– A zygote, a diploid cell, is formed when an
egg is fertilized by a sperm.
– Fertilization is an important part of the
process by which organisms produce
organisms of the same type (Reproduction).
Inherited Characteristics
• What carries the information that controls
inherited characteristics?
– Chromosomes, which are found in the nuclei
of the sex cells.
• How many chromosomes are there in
each sex cell?
– Sperm (haploid cells) have 23, eggs (haploid
cells) have 23, and a zygotes (diploid cells)
have 46. Therefore, zygotes has all the
information to produce a new human being.
The male reproductive system
• What is the male reproductive system composed
of?
– Testes - oval shaped organs that have clusters of
hundreds of tiny coiled tubes, where sperm is formed.
– Scrotum - an external pouch of skin where the testes
are located. The scrotum keeps testes about 2 to 3
degrees cooler than the body temperature which is 37
degrees Celsius.
– Penis - an organ that contains the urethra , the
channel through which urine and semen pass to the
exterior.
The male reproductive system
• What does the male reproductive system
produce?
– Sperm - male gamete (sex cells)
– Testosterone - the hormone that controls the
development of adult physical characteristics
in men such as facial hair, deep voice, broad
shoulders, and the production of sperm.
The female reproductive system
• What is the female reproductive system
composed of?
– Ovaries - organs that are located slightly
below the waist on each side of the body,
where egg cells are produced.
– Oviduct (fallopian tube) - a passage way for
the egg to travel to the uterus. This is where
fertilization usually occurs.
The female reproductive system
– Uterus (womb) - a hollow muscular organ
where a zygote begins to develop.
– Vagina (birth canal) - a muscular passageway
leading to the outside of the body, where an
egg or a baby leave the female body.
The female reproductive system
• What does the female reproductive system
produce?
– Eggs - female gamete (sex cell). If an egg is fertilized,
the reproductive system will nourish the developing
baby until birth.
– Estrogen - the hormone that controls the development
of adult physical characteristics in women such as the
widening of hips, development of breast, and the
production of eggs during the menstrual cycle.
The Menstrual cycle
• What controls the menstrual cycle?
– The hormones of the endocrine system.
• What occurs during the menstrual cycle?
– Once a month an egg matures in an ovary.
– The uterus prepares for the arrival of a zygote
(fertilized egg).
– Ovulation usually occurs halfway though a
typical cycle. This is where the egg is
released from the ovary into the oviduct and
the lining of the uterus begins to thicken.
The Menstrual cycle
– If the egg is not fertilized when it reaches the
uterus, it will begin to break down along with
the lining.
– The extra blood and tissue that lined the
uterus will pass out the body through the
vagina, which last about 4 to 6 days. This
process is called menstruation.
– Menstruation usually begins between the
ages of 10 and 14 years and continues until
about the age of 50.