D170 W15
Digestion
Williams
What organs makes up the alimentary canal?
What organs / structures make up the accessory digestive organs?
What are the four planes that divide the abdominal region into nine smaller regions? What are the
nine smaller regions called? What organs lie in each region?
Describe the structure and function of the peritoneum, noting the following structures:
Visceral peritoneum –
Parietal peritoneum –
Peritoneal cavity –
What is a mesentery? What are its functions? Describe the location and function of the following
mesenteries, including what organs they attach to:
Falciform ligament –
Lesser omentum –
Greater omentum –
Transverse mesocolon –
Sigmoid mesocolon –
D170 W15
Digestion
Williams
Which organs lack mesenteries? (secondary retroperitoneal organs)
What are the six functions of the digestive system?
Describe the general microscopic anatomy of the alimentary canal, noting the following layers and
structures:
Mucosa –
Submucosa –
D170 W15
Digestion
Muscularis externa –
Serosa –
Adventitia –
Skip section on smooth muscle
Describe the structures and functions of the main components of the mouth and oral cavity:
Mouth –
Palate –
Tonuge –
Teeth – (don’t worry about all the detailed structures of the teeth)
Salivary glands –
Parotid gland –
Submandibular gland –
Sublingual gland –
Williams
D170 W15
Digestion
Williams
Describe the structure and function of the pharynx, noting the following structures and their
locations:
Oropharynx –
Laryngopharynx –
Describe the gross structure and function of the esophagus. (don’t worry about its microscopic
anatomy)
What is the function of the stomach? What is chyme?
Describe the gross anatomy of the stomach, including its location in the abdominal cavity. Also note
the locations and functions (when appropriate) of the following structures:
Cardia –
Fundus –
Body –
Pylorus –
Pyloric sphincter –
Greater curvature –
Lesser curvature –
Rugae –
What are the functions of the following microscopic components of the
stomach? (skip over the ones that are not listed here)
Gastric glands –
Parietal (oxyntic) cells –
Chief (zymogenic) cells –
D170 W15
Digestion
Williams
What is the function of the small intestine?
Describe the gross anatomy of the small intestine, including its location in the abdominal cavity. Also
note the locations and functions (when appropriate) of the following structures:
Duodenum –
Jejunum –
Ileum –
What are the structures and functions of the following microscopic components of the small
intestine? (skip over the ones that are not listed here)
Circular folds –
Villi –
Enterocytes –
Microvilli –
What is the function of the large intestine?
D170 W15
Digestion
Williams
Describe the gross anatomy of the large intestine, including its location in the abdominal cavity. Also
note the locations and functions (when appropriate) of the following structures:
Cecum –
Appendix –
Ileocecel valve –
Colon –
Ascending colon –
Transverse colon –
Descending colon –
Sigmoid colon –
Rectum –
Anal canal –
Internal and external anal sphincter –
Describe the microscopic anatomy of the large intestine, noting how it is different from the small
intestine.
Use the following table to compare and contrast the microscopic anatomy of the alimentary canal.
Use Figure 23.24 for assistance.
Region
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
General description
Major functions
Major cell types
D170 W15
Digestion
Williams
What are the functions of the liver? What is bile?
Describe the gross anatomy of the liver, including its location in the abdominal cavity. Also note the
locations and functions (when appropriate) of the following structures:
Right lobe –
Left lobe –
Right and left hepatic ducts –
Common hepatic duct –
Skip section on microscopic anatomy of liver
What are the functions of the gallbladder?
What are the functions of the pancreas?
Describe the gross anatomy of the gallbladde and pancreasr, including their locations in the
abdominal cavity. Also note the locations and functions (when appropriate) of the following
structures:
Cystic duct –
Bile duct –
Pancreatic duct –