INTELLIGENCE AND
CREATIVITY
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?

Like love, intelligence is easier to recognize than to
actually define.
Bright.Sharp<-------------------->Slow.Dull

Psychologists do not entirely agree, and have a
working definition:
Intelligence refers to individuals abilities to understand complex ideas, to
adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in
various forms of reasoning, and to overcome obstacles by careful thought.
HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE INTELLIGENCE ?
A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence
http://arxiv.org/pdf/0706.3639.pdf

IS INTELLIGENCE A SINGLE CHARACTERISTIC,
OR DOES IT CONSIST OF SEVERAL DISTINCT
PARTS?

A) Experts view intelligence as a general, unified
capacity—a single characteristic or dimension along
which people vary.
Performance on any cognitive task depends on one primary general
factor.

B) Other Experts believe intelligence is actually
composed of many separate mental abilities—that
operate more or less independently.
Scientists suggest that there are 7 distinct domains of intelligence.
BEST, SIMPLE DEFINITION OF
INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence simply defined:
How well you learn, retain and apply
Difficult to measure...
STANFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE
The first workable intelligence test was constructed in
the early 1900s.
 France: How to locate students that were not “bright”
enough for the regular school system (they needed
special instruction).
 Alfred Binet, a French Psychologist was appointed to
solve the problem
 The Binet test was updated and refined by Stanford
University in California and is still used today

STANFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE TEST

1)
2)
3)
4)
Binet came up with four elements that he believed
were important for intelligence.
Direction - the ability to set up a goal and work
towards it
Adaptability - means that when faced with a problem
the person can make the adjustments needed to
solve it
Comprehension - means having a basic
understanding of exactly what the problem is
Self-Evaluation- the person working on the problem
should have some idea of whether he or she has
been able to solve it correctly.
STANDFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE TEST

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It is interesting to note that the same general abilities
are tested by the Stanford-Binet today.
However, today there is more emphasis on reasoning,
such as analysis and critical thinking.
It has been revised several times. Currently, the test
is in its fifth edition, which is called the Stanford–
Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, or SB5
At the original time, this was highly innovative!
IQ
Binet would calculate Intelligence Quotient by:
 comparing mental age, as determined by testing, with
chronological (physical) age.
• To make calculation easy, the number 100 was chosen as
perfectly average.

Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100 = IQ
Note: This formula is no longer used today, it was
replaced with statistical tables many years ago.
WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE
Although it was innovative, there were problems
with the Binet test. It relied to much on verbal
skills.
 David Wechsler worked at a hospital where he
handled neglected adolescents who did not have
any formal education
 Developed a modified intelligence test which
included a part that relied on a person’s ability to
reason and problem solve
 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
 Wechsler Intelligence scale for children (WISC)

WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE TEST
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is
a test designed to measure intelligence in adults
and older adolescents.
 It is currently in its fourth edition (WAIS-IV).
http://wechsleradultintelligencescale.com/
 Scoring is more rigorous and possibly more
accurate than the Stanford-Binet test.

CRITERIA FOR INTELLIGENCE TESTS

A good intelligence test must be valid, reliable
and standard.
Validity refers to how well the test accurately
captures what it attempts to measure.
 Reliability refers to the stability and consistency
of scores the intelligence test produces.
 Standardization refers to the uniformity of
administering and scoring the test. This includes
the process in which the test is given and
interpreted.

WHAT DOES IQ MEASURE?

We use the IQ tests to determine how bright an
individual is…
Test results = intelligence (there are flaws in this system!)
For instance, all of us know someone who would score
high on these tests but act foolishly in most areas of
life.
There are people who score average but who are great
problem solvers and really handle everyday life
effectively.
*IQ tests measure something important, but they are not the final
word on intelligence*
IQ TEST ISSUES….

Intelligence tests are traditionally biased with
the dominant culture.
IQ test designed for one culture will most likely discriminate
against other cultures.

Intelligence tests today attempt to minimize
cultural bias by administering the test and
adjusting the norms to and for a large and more
representative sample of the population.
However, intelligence tests continue to be biased toward the
dominant group…
SOME QUESTIONS….
5. "Bo Diddley" is a:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
game for children
down-home cheap wine
down-home singer
new dance
Moejoe call
7."Hully Gully" came
from:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
East Oakland
Fillmore
Watts d.
Harlem
Motor City
10. What are the "Dixie
Hummingbirds"?
a. part of the KKK
b. a swamp disease
c. a modern gospel group
d. a Mississippi Negro
paramilitary group
e.
Deacons
13. T-Bone Walker got
famous for playing what?
a. trombone
b. piano
c. "T-flute"
d. guitar
e. "Hambone"
CHITLING TEST
There has been and there continues to be much
debate on the issue of race and intelligence….
 The reason for the development of the “Chitling
Test” was to show that blacks and whites are
fundamentally opposed in their manner of
speech.
 Some believe that many modern day tests are
racially unfair and play to the advantage of the
middle class, white population.
 The Chitling Test showed that African American
dialect and culture are different and that they, on
average, scored higher on this test.

IQ TESTS ONLINE
Many online IQ tests aren’t what they claim to
be, but are just gimmicks to obtain web traffic.
 There may well be valid online IQ tests, but tread
carefully if you’re using them. And be wary of
anyone who publicly shows off about their scores
on such tests. An intelligent person would do no
such thing!!

LIKE THIS IQ TEST
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wr3x5W_m7p
0
 You get a score… but it DOES NOT reflect your
mental ability!

WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
Some experts argue that intelligence is so much
more!
Are there other kinds of intelligence?

GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE
INTELLIGENCES
Howard Gardner proposed a view of intelligence
that incorporates many non-academic abilities.
Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Intelligence is
made up of seven abilities—language,
logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, musical,
bodily movement, intrapersonal, and interpersonal.
 Only two of these categories are school related
 The other five are considered “special talents”

SEVEN INTELLIGENCES


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Logical-Mathematical Intelligence--consists of the ability to detect
patterns, reason deductively and think logically.
Linguistic Intelligence-- involves having a mastery of language. This
intelligence includes the ability to effectively manipulate language to
express oneself rhetorically or poetically. It also allows one to use
language as a means to remember information.
Spatial Intelligence-- gives one the ability to manipulate and create
mental images in order to solve problems. This intelligence is not limited
to visual domains-

Musical Intelligence-- encompasses the capability to recognize and
compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence-- is the ability to use one's mental abilities
to coordinate one's own bodily movements..

Interpersonal intelligence -- the ability to understand and discern the
feelings and intentions of others-- and

Intrapersonal intelligence --the ability to understand one's own feelings
and motivations.
HOW WAS MAY LONG?
SURVIVING THE TEENAGE BRAIN


In the past, when we put the words selfish, reckless,
irrational, irritable and impossible together we could only
be describing one thing: the teenager – that odd
creature that invades our homes for what seems like an
eternity and tests the limits of our reasoning skills and
patience.
Throw away all of your preconceived ideas about the
behaviour and nature of teenagers. New research suggests
that without our turbulent teen years the human race
would be "short lived and stupid.
SURVIVING THE TEENAGE BRAIN
What if teenagers are doing exactly as nature
intended? Surviving:)
 The Teenage Brain looks at this critical
developmental stage from a scientific and
evolutionary point of view. The film combines
cutting edge scientific research with YouTube
clips of outrageous teen behaviour and a graphic
novel approach to challenge conventional
thinking about the adolescent years.
 It illustrates that our teens are doing precisely
what they should be doing to finesse the
development of their brains and ensure the
survival of the human species.

SURVIVING THE TEENAGE BRAIN
This intriguing documentary features the
knowledge and research of international
scientists and experts!
 Together, these experts present surprising new
research that explains the peculiarities and
immense power and potential of the teen brain.
 This new perspective could change the way we
school, parent and motivate these transitional
Homo sapiens. It might even make them easier to
live with….
 http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/survivi
ng-the-teenage-brain
