PCH
First Aid
8TH GRADE
REVIEW: BASIC FIRST AID

Bleeding
 For
small scrapes wash the area with mild soap
and water.
 Heavier bleeding wounds cover with sterile gauze
and apply pressure.
 DO NOT TAKE gauze off of the wound. Just add
more if needed.
 If bleeding does not stop seek medical help.
REVIEW: BASIC FIRST AID

Burns
 First-degree
burns: affects top layer of skin. Red
and some pain. Run cold water over, do not put ice
or ice water over burn.
 Second-degree burns: affect two layers of skin and
cause blisters. Pour cool water over the area, or
wet cold compress. Cover the burn with a sterile
bandage. If larger than 2 inches go to emergency
room.
REVIEW: BASIC FIRST AID

Burns
 Third-degree
burns: affect all layers of skin. Some
muscle and even bone may be burned. Skin looks
dark or dry white. Call for help right away. Cover
burn with a clean, wet cloth. Do not remove
clothing stud to the burn
REVIEW: POISONING
Poisons can enter your body through your
stomach, lungs, and skin.
 Try to find out what poison was taken.
 Call your local poison control center.

REVIEW: FRACTURES
Broken or cracked bone.
 Try not to move the injured area.
 Call for help, or go to the emergency room.
 You can make a splint (a stiff object to keep
area from moving) and wrap it with bandages.

REVIEW: DISLOCATIONS
A bone has been forced out of its normal
position in a joint.
 Do not try to put a dislocated bone back into
place.
 Do your best to keep the joint from moving, and
seek medical help.

GIVING FIRST AID

Three “C’s”
 Check
 Call
 Care
CHECK
Is it safe?
 What happened?
 How many people are involved?
 Is there immediate danger involved?
 Is anyone else available to help?
 What is wrong?

CALL
Call 9-1-1
 Police department
 Fire department
 Poison control
 Family doctor
 Always call before you give care.

CARE
Do no further harm
 Monitor the person’s breathing and
consciousness.
 Help the person rest in the most comfortable
position.
 Keep the person form getting chilled or
overheated.
 Reassure the person
 Give any specific care needed.

GOOD SAMARITAN LAW

To help protect people who voluntarily give care
without accepting anything in return.

If they DO NOT give consent
 Do
not give care but instead call 9-1-1 or the local
emergency number
WHEN TO CALL 9-1-1
Person is or becomes
unconscious
 Has trouble breathing
 Chest discomfort
 Bleeding severely
 Severe (critical burn)
 Pressure or pain in
abdomen
 Vomiting blood

Seizure lasting more
than 5 minutes
 Sudden severe
headache or slurred
speech
 Poisoned
 Injuries to head, neck or
back
 Possible broken bones

PROTECT YOURSELF

When giving first aid you may be exposed to:
 Blood
 Saliva
 Other

body fluids
If available wear protective equipment:
 Breathing
mask
 Sterile gloves
CHECKING A CONSCIOUS PERSON

Ask Questions
 What
happened?
 Do you feel pain or discomfort anywhere?
 Do you have any allergies?
 Do you have any medical conditions or are you
taking any medication?
CHECKING A CONSCIOUS PERSON

Checking From Head to Toe
 Do
Not move areas that have discomfort or you
suspect head, neck, or back injury
 Look for cuts, bruises, or bumps.
 Watch for consciousness.
 Look for changes in persons breathing
CHECKING A UNCONSCIOUS PERSON

ABC’s
 Airway
 Check
to see if person has an open airway and is
breathing
 Breathing
 Listen
and feel for movement and breathing for no more
than 10 seconds
 Circulation
 Check
for a pulse. If no pulse you will need to begin CPR.
CARING FOR SHOCK

Shock
 Blood
flow to body’s tissues and vital organs is not
working properly

Caring for Shock
 Call
9-1-1
 Have the person lie down
 Control external bleeding
HOW TO GIVE A RESCUE BREATH



After checking an ill or injured person
No movement or breathing
Step 1


Step 2


Take a breath and make a complete seal over the person’s
mouth
Step 3


Tilt head and lift chin, then pinch nose shut
Blow into to make chest clearly rise. (Should last about 1
second)
What to do next


If breath goes it – begin CPR
If breaths do not go in – give care for unconscious choking.
CPR

CardioPulmonary Resuscitation
 Technique
used to save a victim who isn’t breathing
and who doesn’t have a heartbeat.
CPR - ADULT
After checking an ill or injured person
 No signs of life
 Step 1



Give cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue
breaths. 1 ½ - 2 inches downward.
Step 2

Continue CPR until
 Scene
becomes unsafe
 You find a sign of life
 AED is ready to use
 You are too exhausted to continue
 Another trained responder arrives and takes over
CPR - ADULT

You should do 5 cycles in 2 minutes
 30

chest compressions for every 2 rescue breaths.
What to do next
 Use
and AED as soon as one becomes available
CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

1. Early recognition and early access
 Sooner
arrives.

you call 9-1-1 the quicker advanced help
2. Early CPR
 Helps
circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital
organs.

3. Early defibrillation
 Electronic

shot
4. Early advanced medical care
 EMTs
and paramedics