Westward Expansion
(1820s-1850)
Texas
Key Terms
A. Early Settlement
• Mexican Colonization
B. Texas War (1835-36)
Law
C. Lone Star Republic
• Stephen Austin
(1836-45)
II. Manifest Destiny
• Texans
•
Polk
• Santa Anna
III. Texas Annexation
• The Alamo
IV. Oregon
• Sam Houston
A. “Joint Occupation”
B. Oregon Treaty (1846) • James K. Polk
• “54° 40’ or Fight”
V. California/Southwest
• Treaty of Guadalupe
A. Background
B. Mexican War (1846-48) Hidalgo
I.
US Territorial Expansion
From 890,000 square miles in 1790 to 3 million in 1850
Early Settlement & Texas
• In early 1820s about 3,000 illegal immigrants
(from US) lived in Mexico.
• Mexican Government: How do we address
problem so they’re loyal Mexican citizens?
Mexican Colonization Law
(1824)
American Immigrants could receive a League & Labor
of land if they…
1. Became Mexican citizens.
2. Obeyed Mexican laws.
• Slavery was illegal.
3. Converted to Catholicism.
League & Labor
• League: 4,400 acres of grazing land
• Labor: 170 acres of farmland
Texas Colonizer
• An “Empresario” who led
many American families to
Texas.
• Over 35,000 Americans had
moved by 1835.
• Texans: Former American
citizens who moved to
Texas; most lived in the
region of “Coahuila y Texas.”
Stephen Austin
US/Mexican Relations
• US minister to Mexico;
authorized to buy
Texas, but failed
• But, he did return
with…
Joel Poinsett
Mexican Government
(A New President)
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Perez de Lebron
•
•
Santa Anna’s policies
led to tension with
Texans.
Result: Texas War for
Independence (183536).
Texas War For Independence
(1835-36)
Sam Houston
• What was this war?
– Texans vs. Mexico
• Houston led Texans in fight
for Independence from
Mexico.
• He and Austin attempted
(but failed) to obtain help
from US Government.
Texas War For
Independence
Alamo-187 Texans vs.
5,000 Mexicans
Goliad-Texan POW’s
were killed
San Jacinto- Texans
slaughter Mexicans
& win the war
Lone Star Republic
From 1836-1845 Texas was an independent nation
called the Lone Star Republic.
Manifest Destiny
“The American claim is by the right of our
manifest destiny to overspread and to
possess the whole of the continent which
Providence has given us for the development
of the great experiment of liberty and
federative self-government entrusted to us. It
is a right such as that of the tree to the space
of air and earth suitable for the full expansion
of its principle and destiny of growth…”
•John L. O’Sullivan
Expansion West
Key Concept:
Manifest Destiny (1840s)
• Belief which held that the nation’s obvious destiny
was to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean.
• Many Americans believed the US was special
because of its democratic style of government.
President’s & Manifest Destiny
James K. Polk
(1845-49)
Polk promised to:
1. Acquire Oregon,
Texas, and California
for the US.
2. Retire after one term
as President.
Polk & Texas
• After Polk’s election,
but before his
inauguration….
• Texas entered the
Union as the 28th state
in 1845.
Polk and Dallas Flag
Polk & Oregon
Oregon was “Jointly
Occupied” by the US and
Great Britain since 1819
James K. Polk & Oregon
• Polk’s campaign slogan: “54° 40’ or Fight.”
• Privately, Polk agreed to compromise with the
British; this led to Oregon Treaty (1846).
Oregon Treaty
(1846)
1. 49th parallel became the boundary between the
US and Great Britain (Canada).
2. The British received Vancouver Island.
Polk & California
• US tried to purchase California & Southwest
($25 million); Mexico refused.
• US/Mexico border was disputed.
Close-up Of
Disputed
Area
US Troops were
sent into the
disputed region
US Army Occupation, Texas
This picture shows US forces occupying the disputed
territory with Mexico.
Polk & California
• US tried to purchase California & Southwest
($25 million); Mexico refused.
• US/Mexico border was disputed.
• Fighting broke out in 1846 between US &
Mexican forces which lasted until 1848.
Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo
(1848)
Treaty that ended the Mexican War:
1. Rio Grande was border between US & Mexico.
2. US received California & territory in Southwest.
3. US gave Mexico $15 million.
President’s & Manifest Destiny
James K. Polk
(1845-49)
Polk promised to:
1. Acquire Oregon,
Texas, and California
for the US.
2. Retire after one term
as President.
Westward Expansion
(1820s-1850)
Texas
Key Terms
A. Early Settlement
B. Texas War (1835-36) • Mexican Colonization
Law
C. Lone Star Republic
• Stephen Austin
(1836-45)
II. Manifest Destiny
• Texans
•
Polk
• Santa Anna
III. Texas Annexation
• The Alamo
IV. Oregon
• Sam Houston
A. “Joint Occupation”
B. Oregon Treaty (1846) • James K. Polk
• “54° 40’ or Fight”
V. California/Southwest
• Treaty of Guadalupe
A. Background
Hidalgo
B. Mexican War (184648)
I.