Gymnosperms
Spruces, Pines, etc.
Review From Friday
• What are the characteristics of Kingdom
Plantae?
• What is true only of Bryophytes?
• What is true of Bryophytes and Ferns?
• What is the specialized tissue present in most
plants(not mosses)?
Looking Forward
• Today: Talk about gymnosperms and
angiosperms
• Tomorrow: Activity on Mosses and Ferns and
Monocots and Dicots
• Wednesday: How to: Dichotomous Keys
• Thursday and Friday: Keying trees around
school.
Today’s Plan
• Collect Formal Conclusions (with questions)
from DNA lab
• Pass back Yeast Lab
• Go over answers
• Review Gymnosperms
• Discuss Angiosperms
– Differences between Monocots and Dicots
Yeast Lab
• Inhibit:
– 1. To hold back; restrain. See Synonyms at
restrain.
– 2. To prohibit; forbid.
– 3. Psychology To suppress or restrain (behavior, an
impulse, or a desire) consciously or unconsciously.
– 4. a. Chemistry To prevent or decrease the rate of
(a reaction).
– b. Biology To decrease, limit, or block the action or
function of (an enzyme or organ, for example).
What are gymnosperms?
• Greek for “naked seeds”
• 700-900 species of gymnosperms
• Sporophyte generation is dominant
– Has a short lived gametophyte phase, which is
similar to Angiosperms
Types of Gymnosperms
• Pine, Spruce, fir, cedar, ginko
• Gymnosperms are used for manufacturing
soaps, varnish, paints, perfumes
Ohio Gymnosperms
• Pinus strobus L. White Pine.
• Pinus virginiana Mill. Scrub Pine.
• Thuja occidentalis L. Arborvitae.
• Other Common Gymnosperms:
• Colorado Spruce, Norway Spruce, Scotch
Pine, Hemlock, Juniper
Characteristics of Gymnosperms
• Pine-like Needles
– Adapted for colder, dryer climates-thick cuticle,
small surface area
• Sporophyte begins to grow in the cone-not as
vulnerable
• Male and Female pinecones are present on 1
trees
– Male cones are more commonly seen on top of
the tree, female cones are farther down
How does Reproduction Happen
• Pollen lands on the female cone, gets drawn
inside and germinates.
• Sperm nuclei pass down tube and one
fertilizes egg
• The zygote grows into a sporophyte still inside
the female gametophyte which is inside the
seed coat
Ginkos and Cycads
• These look much different than the rest of the
Gymnosperms
• Ginkos used to be much more prevalent than
they are today.
– Ginko Biloba is the only Ginko species still alive
• used for memory enhancement, altitude sickness, symptoms
of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and reduction of
chemotherapy-induced end-organ vascular damage. (still
being tested)
• One of the most widely sold herbal supplements in the US
ANGIOSPERMS
What’s an Angiosperm
• Most common land plants
• Covered seed-seed is encompassed inside
fruit
• These plants have true roots, stems (shoots),
flowers, and leaves
• Separated into 2 groups: Monocots and
Dicots
Monocots -vs- Dicots
Monocot -vs- Dicot
Monocot -vs- Dicot
Monocots
Angiosperms of Ohio
• Monocots:
– Corn
– False Garlic
– White Trillium
• Official state flower of Ohio
Angiosperms of Ohio
• Dicots
– Maple
– Elm
– Oak
– Beech Tree
– Buckeye Tree
• State tree