Cells and Cell Systems
Cells and Cell Systems
Video: Tour of the Cell
Review
Cell Theory
• Two main ideas?
1) All Living things are composed of
one or more cells.
2) All cells come from pre-existing cells
Review
What are the 6 Characteristics of Living
Things?
Living things are:
• Compose of cells
• Reproduce, grow, and repair
• Require energy
• Respond to the environment
• Have a life span
• Produce waste
A quick review
• What is this?
• What are cells?
– Cells are the
smallest units
of life
Scanning electron micrograph of human red blood cells
Anatomy of the Animal Cell
9
2
1
3
8
5
4
6 7
1) Cell Membrane
• Serves as a boundary between the cell
and the outside environment
• Holds contents of the cell in place
• act as a gatekeeper, controlling the
movement of materials into and out of
the cell
• All consist of double layer of fat
molecules
BACK
2)
Cytoplasm
• Contains everything between
the cell membrane and the
nucleus: organelles
• consists of primarily of water
• Site of chemical activities ie.
dissolved gasses and
nutrients
• Allow transportation between
structures
• Store waste until depose
BACK
3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Has ribosomes
• Spreading throughout the
cytoplasm
• Protein producing
organelles
• A series of folded
membranes giving it a
very large surface area
• Provide surface area for
cell reactions
• Site of lipid (fat)
Smooth ER
production
Structure where fats (lipids)
are made
BACK
4) Ribosomes
• manufacture
proteins for the
cell
• Location: rER,
cytoplasm
BACK
5) Golgi Apparatus
• Looks like a stack of
flattened pancakes
• Store protein
(produced by rER)
and puts them into
packages called
vesicles
– Release to the outside
BACK
6) Lysosome
• produced by the golgi
body
• Called suicide sacks
• Contain special
proteins that used to
breakdown large
molecules (digestive
enzymes)
• Patrol and clean
cytoplasm
• Destroying harmful
substances and
bacteria that enter the
cells
BACK
7) Mitochodria
• Energy Production
(power plant of the
cell)
• Rod-shaped
organelles
• Provide energy for
cells
– Through process:
cellular respiration
• sugar molecules +
oxygen molecules
carbon dioxide + water
BACK
8) Nucleus
• Control center
• containing hereditary
material (DNA)
• Direct all cell’s activities
• Surrounded by a membrane
• Cells with a nuclear
membrane: Eukaryotic cells
• Those without a nuclear
membrane: prokaryotic cells
– Ex. One-celled organism;
bacteria
BACK
9)Chromosomes
• Found inside the nucleus
• Contain DNA or genetic
material
– Holds “construction plan” for all
parts of the cell
– Duplicated and passed on to
other cells
How do cells move?
• hair like extentions off of the cell
membrane
Plant Cells
• Generally plant cells contain the
same features as animal cells
such as;
•
•
•
•
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
sER and rER
– Have some special structures that
are not found in animal cells
What structure do plant cells have
different from animal cells?
Vacuole
Cell wall
Cloraplast
Cell Wall
• Outside the cell membrane
which provides additional
strength
• Protects and supports the
plant cell
• Have small openings (pores)
that allow some molecules
to pass through:
– Gases, water, some minerals
BACK
Vacuole
• Water and nutrients
storage (just as in animal
cells)
• often with dissolved
pigments, waste
materials, or other
substances
• Much larger in plants
• Store waste that is
produced or absorbed by
the plant
BACK
Chlroplast
• Double membrane, made
up of stacked discs
(thyakoids) and fluid
(stroma)
• Energy source Food
factory of the plant cells
• Contain chlorophyll
(green chemical
molecules)
– plant cells trap the energy of
light and use it to manufacture
food proteins for the cell
– Site of Photosynthesis
– Animal cells cannot do this
• What is chloroplast similar
to in an animal cell?
Homework: SSA practice
• In your textbook Pg. 13 #2-6
• On your own, brainstorm about
chromosome
– Come up with some visual examples that
demonstrate what it does.
• May help to use action words in its definition as in
what it is and what it does to decide what visuals
you might use
Example: Cytoplasm
• Function: stores wastes
• Visual: a garbage; can store waste
– Remember: your visual doesn’t have to look
like the that part of the cell, just the function
Extras
• Centrioles are found
only in animal cells.
They function in cell
division. Notice the
9 sets of 3
arrangement of the
protein fibers.
Animal Cells
• Under light
microscope
• Under electron
microscope
Plant Cells
• Under light
microscope
• Under electron
microscope