Answer questions
8,10,30,31,32,36,37,38 on the white paper

Energy always flows from hot objects (heat source) to cold objects
(heat sink).

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Circular movement of liquid or gas
Warmer, less dense substance rises
Due to density and temperature differences

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Heat transfer in solids
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Molecules must touch to transfer heat
Good conductors are good radiators

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Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves
Does not require molecules at all
How sunlight travels through empty space

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Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere and
Thermosphere.

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These are the interfaces between layers.

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At sea level it is 29.97”
Hg or 14.7 psi but pressure decreases as you increase in altitude because gravity pulls most of the molecules to the surface.

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It is shown with three numbers in the upper right corner.

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We use the last three numbers.

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Temperature= the higher the temperature, the faster the rate of evaporation
Wind= the faster the winds, the faster the rate of evaporation
Relative humidity= the lower the relative humidity, the faster the rate of evaporation
Surface area= the more spread out the water is the faster the rate of evaporation

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It is an instrument that measures air pressure.

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It is 1013.2 mb (millibars) or 29.92 inches of mercury
(“Hg).

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Higher temperature =lower pressure
Molecules spread out so there is less pressure

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More moisture = less pressure
Water molecules are lighter than air molecules (they replace air molecules)
Falling barometer = more moisture

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As altitude increases, air pressure decreases
The air molecules are farther apart at high altitudes

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Low (Oh, No!!)
Storm conditions
Warm, lots of moisture

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High rhymes with Dry
Cool, clear day
Very little clouds

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Falling barometer= storm approaching
Rising barometer= cool, clear weather

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A) 30.15 inches
B) 978 mb
C) 29.73 inches
D) 1019 mb
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1021 mb
28.88 inches
1007 mb
30.09 inches

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This is the comparison between capacity and absolute humidity. It is how full the air is.

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The higher the relative humidity the greater the chance for precipitation.

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If the temperature is high the air can hold more water so it is not as full= lower relative humidity.

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Direct relationship. If the air is full the molecules are so close together that a cloud can form at warm (high) temperatures.

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It is an instrument with two thermometers used to measure relative humidity and dewpoint.

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Measures air temperature
Is always the higher temperature
Measured in degrees Celsius

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The thermometer with the cloth
Evaporation occurs, this is a cooling process
Never higher than dry bulb
Measured in degrees
Celsius

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Close temperatures= high humidity
Far apart temperatures= low humidity

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Step 1: Find the dry bulb temp. on the left side
Step 2: Subtract the wet bulb from the dry bulb
Step 3: Find the difference across the top of the chart
Step 4: See where the column and row meet

Dry Bulb: 20 o C Difference Between: 8
Wet Bulb: ______ Relative Humidity: ________

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3.
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The air temperature is
10 o C and the wet bulb is 4 o C, what is the relative humidity?
What is the relative humidity if the dry bulb is 11 o C and the wet bulb is 8 o C?
What is the dewpoint temperature if the dry bulb is 21 o C and the relative humidity is
67%?

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A) warm, moist air is forced to rise
B) the air expands and begins to cool
C) it cools until air temperature=dew point
D) condensation occurs on tiny particles and the cloud forms

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Water needs tiny surfaces to condense on called condensation nuclei.

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The puffier and lower the cloud is the higher the relative humidity.

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A) cumulus= puffy, fair weather clouds
B) stratus= layered clouds that bring drizzle and slow rains
C) cumulonimbus= thick, dark thunderstorm clouds

These are temperature changes without the adding or removal of heat .

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It is a boundary between two different air masses

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A) named after the faster moving air mass
B) what the conditions are like after the front passes

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The symbol points in the direction the storm is moving.

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Cold air slams into warm air quickly.
Cumulonimbus clouds
Quick, violent rains.
After: temp. decreases, pressure increases, sky is clear.

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Warm air rises gently over cold air.
Stratus clouds
Drizzles, then rains heavier (may rain all day).
After: temp. increases, pressure decreases, cloudy after.

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Cold air mass pushes into a warm front.
The warm air is completely lifted off the ground.
Long, steady rains then a thunderstorm

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Cold and warm air pushing each other
Can rain for days
Boundary stays in the same place

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Uneven heating of the earth’s surface causes differences in pressure and density.

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The bigger the difference in pressure
(pressure gradient) the faster the winds.

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They are lines connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure.

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Low pressure= counterclockwise and inward
(convergent)
High pressure= clockwise and outward
(divergent)

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A) Uneven heating of the earth’s surface
B) Winds blow from high to low pressure
C) The rotation
(spinning) of the earth

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Due to earth’s rotation, paths will curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.

Belts of fast moving winds in the upper atmosphere. It moves north in the summer due to the tilt of the earth’s axis.

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A) Winds always blow from high to low pressure
B) High pressure = dry; Low pressure = moist
C) Low pressure = converges and rises
High pressure = sinks and diverges
D) Curve to right in N. Hemisphere; Left in S.
Hemisphere

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It is a name given to any low pressure center formed when mT meets cP.

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Caused by supercell thunderstorms (mT meets cP) and updrafts of warm air.

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Occur in the spring (March – mid-June) in the central United States (because that’s where the cP and mT air masses meet).

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Rotating funnels, violent thunderstorms with hail and short duration.

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Go to the lowest elevation
Stay away from windows
Practice evacuation drills

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Form when ocean water reaches a temperature above
80 o F and energy is released by condensation.

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Over the ocean in late summer in the south
Atlantic Ocean.

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High wind speeds with high waves.
Hurricanes form only over water and lose energy when they hit land and they can last for weeks.

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Stock food and water
Board up windows
Go to highest elevation
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Evacuate!!!

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Hurricanes are the most destructive because they damage more property and cover a wider distance.