Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Lecture Overview
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Linking Architects to Systems
Communicating Conceptual Understanding
The Checklist
Basic Sizing Tricks
Results – “Insipid to Inspired”
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Architects use Light as an Aesthetic
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Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, NJ
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
…its also an Engineering System
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Bloomberg Financial, Princeton, NJ
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Human Perception is
an Aesthetic Goal
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Sight
Sound
Touch
Smell
Taste
• Sense of Safety
• Sense of Comfort
• Sense of Functionality
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Wind Environment is an Aesthetic
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Wind & Building is also a System
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Perception is
Quantifiable
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Convection – 40%
Radiation – 40%
Evaporation – 20%
Conduction - <1%
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Air Motion
Net Radiation
Relative Humidity
Air Temperature
…and thus an Engineering System
Design IX – Technology V
Warmer Air
Stale
Stuffy
Fine
Drafty
Windy
Cooler Air
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Environmental Systems
Stale
Windy
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
…where Architectural choices matter!
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Conceptual Understanding
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Layperson’s View
Engineer’s View
Diagrams as a Tool
Diagrams as a Sales Pitch
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Diagrams Illustrate Choices
Illuminate the Building….or
….Highlight a lighting effect
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Communicate to a Layperson
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
…or Communicate to a Contractor
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Building Incoming Water Diagram
CW Main runs in 1st
Floor Ceiling Plenum
Need Bsmt Room
for Pump, etc.
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Building Leaving Water Diagram
Need thick walls for Sanitary stacks
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Diagrams communicate Intent
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
System studies allow exploration of coordination
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
System studies can express character of the space
Diagrams Sell Ideas
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
…a Vignette on Hot/Humid Sustainable
Design
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Delicate Energy Balancing
Ventilation Breezes
Use of Shade
Thermal Flywheeling
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Sustainable System for
Hot – Humid Region
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Reduce penetration of radiation
Remove inside heat
Enhance evaporation
Increase air motion
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Elongate East-West with Deep Overhangs
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Elevate Floor & Ventilate Roof & House
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Landscape Elements – Shading / Reduce Glare
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
…and Now for something Completely
Boring!
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The Systems Checklist
HVAC Basics
Using a “Basis of Design”
Conceptual Quantification
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Power
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Supply point?
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Transformer?
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Inside vs. Outside
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Emergency Power?
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Distribution Panels
The “Checklist”
Water
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Supply (well, city, tank)
Treatment?
Metering?
Inside vs. Outside
Sprinklers?
Fire Pump?
Hot Water?
Wastewater?
Elevations?
Storm Water?
Misc.
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Telephones?
Internet?
CATV?
Security?
Public Address?
Central Clock?
Lightning Protection?
Multi-Media
Med-gases
Nurse alarm, etc.
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
HVAC Checklist – The Basics
1. Will building be conditioned? {heated, cooled}
2. Heat type? {radiation, forced air, passive air}
3. Heat source? {electricity, gas, oil, solar, geothermal}
4. Distribution? {water, air, none (self-contained)}
5. Cooling type? {radiation, forced air, passive air}
6. Cooling source? {electricity, gas/oil, evaporation,
geothermal}
7. Distribution? {water, air, DX, none (self-contained)}
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Air Systems
1. Air units? {large central, multiple mid-size, many local}
2. Air balanced? {supply, return, outside air, exhaust,
pressure}
3. Air ducts? {exposed, concealed – do they fit?}
Water Systems
1. Water units (radiators)? {floor, wall, ceiling}
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Heat
1. Water source? {boiler, solar, heat pump}
2. Component locations? {boiler room, roof panels}
3. Utility requirements? {electricity, gas, oil}
Cooling
1. Water source? {chiller, heat pump - location}
2. Chiller System? {air cooled, water cooled - location}
3. DX? {compressor/condenser locations}
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Basis of Design - Systems
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
How big is that Duct?
• 1 CFM (cubic feet per minute) per SF of space
• 1000 FPM (feet per minute) of air velocity
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Example
• 10,000 SF floor area served by (1) AHU system
• 1cfm x 10,000sf / 1,000fpm = 10 SF of duct area
• Don’t forget supply…AND….return air
• 20 SF = 24” high by 120” wide, or 36x84, etc.
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
System Components / Spaces
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Cooling Towers = 10’ to 20’ tall
Air Handling Units = 8’ to 35’ long (4’ – 10’ wide)
Main Switchgear = 10’ – 20’ long
Fire Pump rooms = 10’ x 15’
IT Rooms = 10’ x 15’
Electric Closets = 8’ x 10’
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
….and the Result is?
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
A World without
Architecture
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
…..is a world left to its Own Devices.
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Accommodation without Control…..
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
….versus Accommodation with Control
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Nice….but
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Details Matter
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Rhythm without…..
vs. Rhythm with Order
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
The Results
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Systems have a “natural” or “normal” mode
Systems can be aesthetically challenging
Architect’s who understand systems …win!
Don’t let systems steamroll your Aesthetic
Understanding leads to accommodation
Accommodation leads to Aesthetic Control
Design IX – Technology V
Environmental Systems
Industry made into Art
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Rhythm
Order
Scale
Module
Layered