Anatomy & Physiology II
BIO 212
Things to Know For Lab
Reference:
Disclaimer:
Marrieb, Elaine N. , RN, MD, and Hoehm, Katja, MD, PhD, Anatomy and
Physiology, (8th ed )2009, Pearson, Benjamin, Cummings, Co. USA
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology I & II (Camden County College
ed.). Wiley, 2006
Good Atlas is Recommended:
VanDeGraaff, K. & Crawely, J. 2003 A Photographic Atlas for the Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory, Morton
The following information is a projected schedule and is for guidance only. It is
by no means displaces the student’s responsibility to come to class and learn
the changes to the material needed to master the course.
Lab Exercise 1
Blood Formed Elements
Slides:
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes
Platelets
Artery: Tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa
Vein: Tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa
Lab Exercise 2
The Heart
Human Heart Model & Sheep Heart:
adipose tissue
interventricular sulcus
coronary arteries and veins
base
apex
R & L atria
R & L ventricle
pulmonary trunk
aorta
brachiocephalic artery
superior and inferior vena cava
tricuspid valve
bicuspid (mitral) valve
aortic semilunar valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
interventricular septum
papillary muscles
chordae tendineae
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium.
1
Additional on the Human Heart Model:
R & L pulmonary arteries
L common carotid artery
L subclavian artery
R & L pulmonary veins
fossa ovalis
R & L coronary Artery
Marginal artery
Circumflex artery
Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
Small, middle, anterior, posterior cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Lab Exercise 3
Cat Vessels Cranial to the Diaphragm or Models:
Diaphragm
lungs
R & L pleural cavities
mediastinum
aorta
esophagus
pericardial sac
parietal layer of the serous pericardium
epicardium (visceral layer of the serous pericardium)
pericardial cavity
heart
R & L atria
R & L ventricles
interventricular sulci
Arteries:
pulmonary trunk
R & L pulmonary arteries
aortic arch
thoracic aorta
brachiocephalic artery
R & L subclavian arteries
R & L common carotid
internal mammary artery
axillary artery
brachial artery
Veins:
inferior and superior vena cava
R & L brachiocephalic veins
subclavian veins
anterior facial
axillary
brachial
external jugular
2
posterior facial
transverse jugular
Arteries and Veins Caudal to the Heart
Cat and model:
Arteries: descending aorta (abdominal aorta), adrenal gland, renal arteries,
testicular or ovarian arteries, lumbar arteries, caudal artery, femoral artery
Veins: inferior vena cava, common iliac veins, lumbar veins, ovarian or testicular
veins, renal veins, hepatic vein
Lab Exercise 4
Pulse and Blood Pressure Blood Typing
Be familiar with the superficial pulse points: carotid, temporal, brachial, radial,
femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedis. Blood typing A, B, AB, and O.
LAB PRACTICAL I
Lab Exercise 5 The Lymphatic System & Immune Response
Lymph Nodes: Axillary
Cervical
Inguinal
Cisterna Chyli
Spleen
Thymus
Right Lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
Lymphatic vessels
Lab Exercise 6 Human Respiratory Head & Neck
Model, Human Head (sagittal section):
Skull
brain
spinal cord
cervical vertebrae
frontal sinus
sphenoidal sinus
hard and soft palates
oral cavity
tongue
nose
nasal bones
external nares
3
Nasal cavity:
vestibule
nasal conchae
meatus
internal nares
Pharynx
nasopharynx
opening of the auditory tube (eustachian tube)
oropharynx
palatine tonsils
fauces
laryngopharynx
esophagus
hyoid bone
Larynx:
epiglottis
vocal folds - vestibular and true
glottis
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
Trachea
Model, Human - Thoracic Organs:
Thyroid gland
larynx
trachea
R & L primary bronchi
R & L lungs: apex, base, hilus, root,
R & L lung lobes and fissures (by name),
heart
diaphragm
esophagus
Lab Exercise 7
Gross Anatomy of the Lower Respiratory System
Cat and model:
larynx
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
epiglottis
vocal folds - vestibular and true
glottis
4
trachea
thyroid gland
esophagus
R & L primary bronchi;
Lungs: R lung lobes - cranial, middle, caudal, accessory;
L lung lobes - cranial, middle, caudal;
phrenic nerve
diaphragm
LAB PRACTICAL II
Lab Exercise 8 Digestive Organs of the Head & Neck.
Cat or models:
parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
lingual frenulum
oral cavity
hard palate
soft palate
tongue
external nares
lips
cheeks
vestibule
Tongue:
lingual papillae: filiform, fungiform, circumvallate
Teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars,
Lab Exercise 9
Abdominal Cavity
Human Model
Diaphragm
Liver ,lobes and ligaments, (round, and falciform)
Gallbladder
Stomach - cardiac region, fundus, body, pyloric region, greater & lesser curvatures
Spleen
Small intestine - duodenum, jejunem, ileum
Large intestine - ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum,
appendix
Pancreas - head, tail
5
Cat dissection or model:
Visceral peritoneum
parietal peritoneum
peritoneal cavity (be able to describe)
Abdominal cavity
liver
falciform ligament
Lobes of liver: left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral, caudate
Gall bladder
Stomach: cardiac region, fundus, body, pyloric region, rugae, greater and lesser
curvatures
Spleen
Small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, mesentery, lymph nodes,
Large intestine: cecum, colon: ascending, transverse, descending; rectum,
anal canal, anus
Pancreas: head, tail
Ducts: cystic, common hepatic, common bile
Lab Exercise 10
The Kidney
Kidney and Nephron Models:
Kidney
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
renal pyramids
renal papilla
Renal columns
Renal pelvis
ureter
arteries and veins:
renal
segmental
lobar
interlobar
arcuate
cortical radiate, aka, (interlobular)
Nephron
afferent arteriole
glomerulus
efferent arteriole
6
peritubular capillaries
vasa recta,
Bowman's capsule
Renal Tubule:
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle - thin portion, thick portion
distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
Lab Exercise 11
Urogenital System
Cat:
kidneys
adipose tissue
fibrous capsule
hilus
renal artery and vein
ureters
urinary bladder
kidney (cortex and medulla, renal pyramid, pelvis)
LAB PRACTICAL III
Lab Exercise 12
Male Reproductive System
Study the models from the external and internal views.
Human Models:
urinary bladder
pubic symphysis
rectum
anus
adipose tissue
scrotum
testis
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra - (prostatic, membranous, penile, urethral orifice)
urogenital diaphragm
glans penis
body of the penis
7
corona
prepuce
corpus spongiosum
corpus cavernosum,
seminal vesicle
prostate gland
cremaster muscle
dartos muscle
Lab Exercise 13
Female Reproductive System
Study these from an external and internal view.
Human Models:
ovaries
uterine or fallopian tubes (isthmus,ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae)
uterus (body, fundus)
cervix (cervical canal, internal os, external os)
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
vagina
urinary bladder
urethra
rectum
fornix of the vagina
ligaments,( broad, ovarian, suspensory ligagment of ovary, uteroscaral,
lateral cervical(cardial), round ligament of uterus)
External reproductive organs:
vulva
mons pubis
adipose tissue
pubic symphysis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris (prepuce, glans, body)
urethral orifice
vaginal opening
anus
clinical perineum
LAB PRACTICAL IV
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