Textile Research Journal, Vol. 68, No. 11, 841-847 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/004051759806801109
A Novel Approach to Three-Dimensional
Modeling of Interlaced Fabric Structures
Tianyi Liao
Department of Textile Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S.A.
Sabit Adanur
Department of Textile Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S.A.
This paper attempts the geometric modeling of woven and braided fabric structures in three dimensions using a computer aided geometric
design (CAGD) technique. A new symbolic approach to fabric structure representation, which is useful to the textile CAD/CAM process and
fabric design, is presented, and a basic model is proposed that treats a yarn as a three-dimensional solid object. Some traditional 2D fabric
models are extended into 3D models and demonstrated in 3D form. The structures of various fabrics are demonstrated in graphic forms,
including elementary weaves such as plain weave, twill, and satin; two layer fabrics; braided fabrics; and three-dimensional fabrics as
reinforcements for composite materials.
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Textile Research Journal, Vol. 68,
No. 11, 841-847 (1998)
DOI:
10.1177/004051759806801109
Social Bookmarking
What's this?
A Novel
Approach to Three-Dimensional
Modeling of Interlaced Fabric
Structures
Tianyi Liao
Department of Textile Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn,
Alabama 36849, U.S.A.
Sabit Adanur
Department of Textile Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn,
Alabama 36849, U.S.A.
This paper attempts the geometric modeling of woven and braided fabric structures in three dimensions using
a computer aided geometric design (CAGD) technique. A new symbolic approach to fabric structure
representation, which is useful to the textile CAD/CAM process and fabric design, is presented, and a basic
model is proposed that treats a yarn as a three-dimensional solid object. Some traditional 2D fabric models are
extended into 3D models and demonstrated in 3D form. The structures of various fabrics are demonstrated in
graphic forms, including elementary weaves such as plain weave, twill, and satin; two layer fabrics; braided
fabrics; and three-dimensional fabrics as reinforcements for composite materials.
CiteULike
What's this?
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Copyright © 1998 by SAGE Publications | SAGE Website | Privacy Policy
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technical fabrics
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Air bag for motor vehicles
Klaus Bloch
Abstract | Drawing | Description | Claims
Abstract
An air bag for motor vehicle use is made of a synthetic
fabric, particularly a polyamide, with a extremely tight
weave, which is shrunk, heat set, and calendered at a
temperature between 60.degree. and 225.degree. C., a
pressure between 10 and 100 t, and a calendering speed
between 5 and 25 m/min.
Patent number: 4921735
Filing date: Sep 14, 1988
Read this patent Issue date: May 1, 1990
Inventor: Klaus Bloch
Primary Examiner: Archene A. Turner
Download PDF
U.S. Classification
428/349; 139/387R; 139/389; 280/741; 280/743; 280/728;
428/225; 428/229; 428/252; 428/920; 28165
View patent at
International Classification
USPTO
B60R 2116
Search within this patent
neQfAAAAEBAJ
technical fabrics
Search
Citations
Patent Number Title
Issue date
T941015
(unknown)
(unknown)
3842583
(unknown)
Oct 1974
3879057
(unknown)
Apr 1975
3991249
Fabric material for producing woven air
bags utilized for protecting riders in
vehicles
Nov 9, 1976
4559975
High tenacity polyester filament fabric
Dec 24, 1985
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An air bag for motor vehicles which is comprised of a synthetic fabric of superfilled weave,
said fabric being shrunk, heat set, and calendered at a temperature of between 60.degree.
and 225.degree. C., a pressure of between 10 and 100 t, and a calendering speed between 5
and 25 m/min.
2. The air bag defined in claim 1 wherein said fabric has a plain weave with 34 fill threads/cm
at a thread weight of dtex 470 and 16 warp threads/cm at a thread weight of dtex 470.
3. The air bag defined in claim 1 wherein said fabric is calendered at a temperature between
130.degree. and 160.degree. C., a pressure between 30 and 50 t, and a calendering speed
between 5 and 7 m/min.
4. The air bag defined in claim 1 wherein said fabric has a weight of 280 .+-.10 g/m.sup.2 and
the thickness of 0.39 .+-.0.02 mm.
5. The air bag defined in claim 1 wherein said fabric is selected from the group consisting of
polyester, aramide, polyphenylene sulfide and polyimide.
6. The air bag defined in claim 1 wherein said fabric is comprised of polyamide fibers.
7. The air bag defined in claim 1 which is provided with a mouthpiece in the region of which
are provided straps and a fire protector, said straps consisting of yarns selected from the
group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, aramid, copolyimide and
polyphenylene sulfide.
8. The air bag defined in claim 7 which is provided with straps comprised of a rubberized
stretch fabric.
9. The air bag defined in claim 8 which is provided with straps comprised of a rubberized
polyamide stretch fabric.
10. The air bag defined in claim 8 which is provided with straps which are cut at 45.degree.
with respect to the weave.
11. An air bag for motor vehicles which is comprised of a tightly filled polyamide fabric, said
fabric having a plain weave with 34 fill threads/cm at a thread weight of dtex 470 and 16 warp
threads/cm at a thread weight of dtex 470, said fabric being shrunk, heat set, and calendered
at a temperature of between 130.degree. and 160.degree. C., a pressure of between 30 and
50 t, and a calendering speed between 6 and 7 m/min, said fabric having a weight of 280 .+.10 g/m.sup.2 and the thickness of 0.39 .+-.0.02 mm.
12. An air bag for motor vehicles as defined in claim 11 which is provided with at least one
strap and fire protector, said fire protector being around the mouthpiece of said air bag, said
straps and fire protector being made of polyamide stretch yarn cut from rubberized polyamide
fabric, and said straps being at an angle of 45.degree. with respect to said weave.
Drawings
Page 2
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Smart Fabrics Of The Future
aggie Orth hunches over a sewing machine in her studio, carefully stitching a tiny
piece of plaid cloth. But the new mother isn't making a baby outfit. Instead, she's
creating an interactive wall hanging of fabric interlaced with electronics and special
dyes. The finished product: textile art that changes colors in programmed sequence.
Dr. Orth's new technology is part of an emerging wave: weaving all sorts of
intelligence into textiles, including the ability to detect dangerous chemicals, sanitize
themselves, and serve as communication networks. Applications run the gamut, from
health and sporting goods to sophisticated combat uniforms.
It's a field – variously known as smart fabrics, e-textiles, wearable computers, or
intelligent textiles – that many anticipate will become one of the next hot drivers of
the American economy. Advocates also expect it to propel technology forward in
general, because its applications are so diverse.
"It is a much different way of thinking about a digital or computer medium," says Orth,
a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab and cofounder
of a company called International Fashion Machines in Cambridge, Mass. "Electronic
textiles still are at a 'black art' stage. But this industry is in a growth period."
Orth says some of the technology will begin to be commercialized within the next
three years.
"Society in the next 10 to 15 years will involve people being surrounded by electronic
gadgets with ambient intelligence," says Werner Weber, senior director of corporate
research and emerging technologies at Infineon Technologies AG of Munich,
Germany. The firm is developing electronics to be used in smart textile applications
for consumers. "The wearable electronics will be woven in, so customers don't have
to think about manuals."
Orth's company is working on a technology called "electronic plaid." The fabric
contains electronic wires and tiny capsules of a special thermochromatic ink that get
darker or lighter as they are heated or cooled.
As the wrinkles get smoothed out of the technology, it could be used in shoes,
jewelry, or handbags with designs that change colors. Cubicle walls, point-ofpurchase signs, and even camouflage fabrics for the military are other possible
applications.
In the more distant future, it might even be possible to change the color of a pair of
pants from dark to white if, say, you are traveling from a cold to a hot climate.
Currently, the electronics can control up to 64 yarns at a time, each able to turn light
or dark. "We're working on getting each to turn a third color," Orth says, noting the
large variety of colors that would allow.
Listen to your jacket
If some products would make a visual impression, others might catch your attention
through sound. Infineon Technologies, a major semiconductor productmaker, has
helped develop an experimental jacket with an integrated MP3 player. A flexible
woven inch-wide ribbon carries sound to the MP3 player's headphones. A more
integrated MP3 version of the jacket is in the works. Such electronic ribbon also
might be used for wireless communications, for example, to locate a hiker trapped
under snow in an avalanche.
Another main project for the company is developing new technology that can use
body heat as a low-power energy source that might be able to run a watch.
Miniature thermogenerators can exploit the few degrees of difference between the
outside temperature of the human body and the surrounding air by converting the
heat into electrical energy, Dr. Weber explains.
The technological possibilities for fabric are, of course, of great interest to the US
military. The armed forces have been experimenting with weaving computer and
communications technology into uniforms. Future combat dress also might keep
soldiers warm and fight off germs, and eventually detect and fight chemical and other
dangerous agents.
Soldier of the future
Much of the smart-fabric, "soldier of the future" research is centered at the US Army
Soldier Systems Center in Natick, Mass. There, scientists and technologists are
tackling a variety of textiles that can transport power and information. One example is
a soldier sticking his or her intelligent glove finger into water to see if it is safe to
drink. The soldier could communicate with others either by a fabric keyboard that
might be unrolled from the pocket of a uniform, or simply sewn or woven in as part of
the uniform's sleeve.
If electronics and optical technologies could be integrated successfully into textiles,
there could be a striking improvement in battlefield communications.
One such project, the Battle Dress Uniform, gives soldiers camouflage and
environmental protection, but it also may become a wearable electronic network to
send and receive data.
The Soldier Systems Center already has collaborated with Foster-Miller Inc., a
Waltham, Mass., engineering and technology company, to develop a fabric-based
version of a Universal Serial Bus cable. USB cables are in common use in today's
office and household computers to connect to the Internet, among other things.
Normally stiff, heavy, and coated with plastic, the USB cable has been transformed
into something thin, flexible, and wearable with flat connectors.
Making the connection
Embedding electronics into clothing used in harsh, dangerous environments is no
small task. Already, a combat-ready soldier carries 35 pounds or more of weapons
and provisions, and each new technology, whether it be a head-mounted display or
an antenna that runs up the soldier's back or around his or her waist as a long belt,
adds weight. Such new technology potentially could double the load for today's
combat soldier. That's one of the reasons lightweight and flat fabric technology is of
such keen interest to the military.
Future-warrior systems include global positioning systems, combat identification
sensors, monitors, chemical detectors, and electronically controlled weapons, all
connected to the soldier's computer to provide instant access to information.
But getting the wires, and more futuristic technologies such as optics, into uniforms
and smart vests, and making them easy to use, is challenging. Wires must be flexible
enough to be comfortable, carry signals, be safe to the soldier, and not give away his
or her position, which is why the Natick group is shying away from wireless
technologies and leaning toward "wiring" soldiers.
Optical technologies must use cables that do not bend much, because the signal will
be interrupted. And then there are the connectors that attach the wires among the
various computing devices so they can communicate.
"The goal is to provide the soldier with executable functions that require the fewest
possible actions on his or her part to initiate a response to a situation in combat by
using intelligent textiles," says James Fairneny, an electrical engineer and project
manager at the Natick lab.
Mr. Fairneny's group is looking at different ways to make electronic equipment more
integral to textiles, and then to manufacture them. Much of the technology is at least
six to eight years away from practical use, he says.
"We need to make the antennae and other electronics as unobtrusive as possible to
the soldier," he says, adding that the new technologies will require training for use.
Threat detectors
The US Army also is collaborating with MIT, having recently promised the university
$50 million for a new Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies. The aim is to improve
soldiers' protection and ability to survive using new tiny technologies to detect
threats, and automatically treat some medical conditions.
The Army isn't the only branch of the military actively developing smart textiles. The
US Navy funded a project in 1996 that eventually turned into the Smart Shirt, a
product commercialized by SensaTex Inc. in Atlanta, with technology from Georgia
Tech Research Corp. The T-shirt functions like a computer, with optical and
conductive fibers integrated into the garment. It can monitor the vital signs, such as
heart rate and breathing, of wearers, including law enforcement officers, military
personnel, astronauts, infants, and elderly people living alone.
But for consumers, antibacterial and antimicrobial polymers may end up having the
broadest applications. These new materials could find their way into everything from
socks and children's clothing to soldiers' uniforms, and from surgical gowns to
countertops and refrigerators that can fight off germs.
Gregory Tew, assistant professor in the department of polymer science and
engineering at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and his colleagues are
devising molecules that act in much the same way as cells in the human body to
combat germs. In addition to embedding such molecules, called polymers and
oligomers, into clothing, they could be put into paints and coatings. This could, for
example, keep barnacles from adhering to vessels, and prevent ceramic tiles in the
bathroom from mildewing.
"We think we can make a material that will be cost-effective and nontoxic," says Dr.
Tew. "And it will be resistant to water and detergents. It has the potential to keep
surfaces and materials permanently antiseptic."
The College of Textiles at North Carolina State University, in Raleigh, has been
working on a flame-retardant compound that could be used in children's clothing or
toys, as well as soldiers' uniforms or even Formula One car racing suits.
Alan Tonelli, professor of polymer science at the college, says one application could
be spraying polymer-based clothing onto emergency workers going into a fire or
dangerous chemical spill – almost like spraying on a cocoon of protective fabric that
later could be removed.
"Body scanners already can measure and make a garment to fit you perfectly," Dr.
Tonelli says. "But we could put this into a portable machine for a hazardous-materials
crew, or even use it to cover up a dangerous spill in the future."
Making smart fabrics affordable, workable, and user friendly is still some years off,
most in the field acknowledge. But one thing is certain. When they arrive, people will
think twice before balling up their dirty "smart clothes" and throwing them on the floor.
August 29, 2002
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Clothing and exercise. II. Influence of clothing during exercise/work in environmental extremes
Pascoe, DD | Bellingar, TA | McCluskey, BS
Sports Medicine [SPORTS MED.]. Vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 94-108. 1994.
Thermoregulatory studies often investigate thermal responses without considering the influences of
clothing. These studies have expanded our understanding of basic human responses to various
environmental conditions. For hot climates, new fabrics have been developed with improved wicking
properties to keep the wearer cooler and drier, and to enhance heat transfer from the body while
providing greater comfort. In contrast, the challenge of cold environments requires a different
approach to clothing, which tries to minimise the free movement of air and water along the skin
surface of the body. The materials used should also be able to absorb radiant heat from the
environment and be nonconductive. In a cold climate, the wearer needs to balance the need for a
clothing barrier for warmth with the potential for accumulating too much heat as the result of metabolic
heat production from exercise. To counteract this potential problem, it is suggested that cold-weather
clothing be worn in layers that can be removed during exercise and replaced during less active
periods. Protective clothing for firefighters, hazardous waste workers and astronauts, and athletic
protective gear, have specialised design requirements which may be influenced by considerations, for
example, of environmental conditions, garment weight, the need for durability, impact forces.
Descriptors: Article Subject Terms occupational health
ProQuest-CSA helps researchers
worldwide find and manage relevant information in their field. If you're a member of
an academic institution you may have access to CSA Illumina. Please contact your
library to find out.
Welcome to ProQuest-CSA, your Guide to Discovery.
Clothing and exercise. II. Influence of clothing during exercise/work in environmental
extremes
Pascoe, DD | Bellingar, TA | McCluskey, BS
Sports Medicine [SPORTS MED.]. Vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 94-108. 1994.
Thermoregulatory studies often investigate thermal responses without considering the
influences of clothing. These studies have expanded our understanding of basic human
responses to various environmental conditions. For hot climates, new fabrics have been
developed with improved wicking properties to keep the wearer cooler and drier, and to
enhance heat transfer from the body while providing greater comfort. In contrast, the
challenge of cold environments requires a different approach to clothing, which tries to
minimise the free movement of air and water along the skin surface of the body. The
materials used should also be able to absorb radiant heat from the environment and be
nonconductive. In a cold climate, the wearer needs to balance the need for a clothing
barrier for warmth with the potential for accumulating too much heat as the result of
metabolic heat production from exercise. To counteract this potential problem, it is
suggested that cold-weather clothing be worn in layers that can be removed during exercise
and replaced during less active periods. Protective clothing for firefighters, hazardous waste
workers and astronauts, and athletic protective gear, have specialised design requirements
which may be influenced by considerations, for example, of environmental conditions,
garment weight, the need for durability, impact forces.
Descriptors: Article Subject Terms occupational health
Sign in
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Double face warp knit fabric with two-side
effect
Moshe Rock et al
Abstract | Drawing | Description | Claims
Abstract
A fabric with a patterned velvet on one face and a different
patterned velour on the other is formed from a three
dimensional fabric using a double bar knitting machine.
Preferably, at least either the stitching or backing yarn
within the fabrics is made with a bulk high enough so that
after the three dimensional structure is knitted and split,
the back can be napped to form the velour from such
yarn.
Read this patent
Download PDF
View patent at
USPTO
Patent number: 6199410
Filing date: Nov 12, 1999
Issue date: Mar 13, 2001
Inventors: Moshe Rock, Karl Lohmueller
Assignees: Malden Mills Industries, Inc.
Primary Examiners: Robert H. Muromoto, Jr.
U.S. Classification
66195; 442/304
International Classification
D04B 2100
Search within this patent
Fw oFAAAAEBAJ technical fabrics
Search
Citations
Patent Number Title
5855125
Method for constructing a double face
fabric and fabric produced thereby
Referenced by
Patent Number Title
Issue date
Jan 5, 1999
Issue date
6755052
Knitted stretch spacer material and
method of making
Jun 29, 2004
6758068
Three-dimensionally structured warp
knitted fabric
Jul 6, 2004
6794008
Decorative texturized fabric
Sep 21, 2004
6832497
Knit fabrics with contrasting face and
back
Dec 21, 2004
6837078
Knit fabrics with face-to-back
differentiation
Jan 4, 2005
7076974
Warp knitting fabric
Jul 18, 2006
7240522
Elastic knitting fabric having multilayer
Jul 10, 2007
structure
Spacer fabric with integral, exposed
loops and method of making
7426840
Sep 23, 2008
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A three-dimensional knit fabric structure comprising first and second support fabrics each
made from stitching yarns and backing yarns and each defining a face and back;
a plurality of pile yarns extending between the backs of said support fabrics;
wherein one of said stitching and backing yarns covers said pile yarns along said
faces of said support fabrics so that only said one of said stitching and said backing
yarns is capable of being raised along said faces such that said one of said stitching
and backing yarns is exposed along said faces to produce a velour on each of said
fabric faces.
2. A method of making a fabric with a velour on one side and a velvet on the other side
on a double bar knitting machine comprising the steps of:
knitting a three-dimensional fabric structure on said knitting machine, said structure
having two support fabric substrates made from backing yarns and stitching yarns
and each defined by a face and a back;
covering along said faces a plurality of pile yarns extending between said substrates
by said one of said backing and said stitching yarns;
splitting said structure by cutting said pile yarns to form two fabrics, said pile yarns
extending from said backs of each of said substrates in order to form a velvet; and
processing said faces so as to raise only said one of the stitching yarns and the
backing yarns in order to to form a velour.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said pile yarns have a bulk about 1.5 to
3.5 times larger than that of said other of said stitching yarns and said
backing yarns.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein said knitting machine includes at least two
backing guide bars and a plurality of intermediate bars, each said backing
guide bar providing said backing yarns and said intermediate bars providing
said pile yarns.
5. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein each of said stitching and said
backing yarns is made from a multi-filament yarn with a yarn count in the
range of between about 50 and 250 denier.
6. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein the pile yarns are either spun or
multi-filament.
7. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein the pile yarns are between about
0.5 and 5 dpf.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein said treating step comprises napping said
one of the stitching yarns and the backing yarns along said other surface of
each said substrate.
9. A three-dimensional knit fabric structure comprising first and second
support fabrics each made from stitching yarns and backing yarns, and each
defining a face and a back;
a plurality of pile yarns extending between the backs of said support fabrics;
wherein one of said stitching and backing yarns covers said pile yarns along said
faces of said fabrics so that only said one of said stitching and backing yams are
capable of being raised from said faces.
10. The fabric structure of claim 9, wherein said pile yarns have a bulk
between about 1.5 and 3.5 times larger than the other of said stitching
and backing yarns.
11. The structure of claim 1, wherein said pile yarns have a bulk
between about 1.5 and 3.5 times larger than that of the other of said
stitching and backing yarns.
12. The structure of claim 1, wherein said one of said stitching and said
backing yarns has a bulk approximately the same as that of said pile
yarns.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said one of said backing and said
stitching yams has a bulk which is large enough for covering said pile
yarns along said faces.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said fabric structure is knit utilizing a
plurality of guide bars.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said guide bars have a movement
which is adjusted for exposing said one of said stitching and said
backing yarns along said faces.
Drawings
Page 2
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Implementing Advanced Manufacturing Technologies in
Mature Industrial Regions: Towards a Social Model of
Technology Production
Author: Gertler, Meric1
Source: Regional Studies: The Journal of the Regional Studies Association,
Volume 27, Number 7, 1993 , pp. 665-680(16)
Publisher: Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
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Abstract:
GERTLER M. S. (1993) Implementing advanced manufacturing technologies in
mature industrial regions: towards a social model of technology production, Reg.
Studies 27, 665–680. Industrial surveys reveal that manufacturers in mature
industrial regions of Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom have
been adopting advanced process technologies at reasonable rates during the
1980s. However, the expected improvements in productivity growth have failed
to materialize, and case-study evidence suggests that such manufacturers are
indeed encountering considerable difficulty in utilizing such technologies
effectively. Increasingly, such regions share a common characteristic: that they
are geographically removed from the now-dominant sources of production of
advanced industrial machinery. Based on a critical review of recent theoretical
contributions from geography, regional development, economic history,
management studies and the economics of technological change, this paper
explores the implications of spatial separation of advanced machinery users and
producers. It offers an interpretation of technology implementation pathologies
which shows the spatial context of technology production and use to be
important, and also considers counter-arguments to this claim. It concludes that,
because process technologies are socially constructed, and because the sociopolitical context surrounding machinery production and use in the workplace will
normally differ from region to region and country to country, one can generally
expect implementation difficulties to arise whenever users and producers of
advanced machinery are physically, organizationally or socially distant from one
another. Implications for spatial trade theory and regional industrial policy are
also explored. GERTLER M. S. (1993) La mise en
uvre des technologies de
fabrication avancées dans les régions à vocation industrielle développées: vers un
modèle social de la technologie de production, Reg. Studies 27, 665–680. Les
enquetes indus-trielles laissent voir que les industriels au Canada, aux Etats-Unis
et en Grande-Bretagne ont adopté des technologies de fabrication avancées à des
taux raisonnables au cours des années 80. Néanmoins, les améliorations
attendues du taux de croissance de la productivité ne se sont pas concrétisées et
les preuves provenant des cas d'étude laissent supposer que de tels industriels
rencontrent en effet des difficultés non-négligeables en utilisant de telles
technologies de façon effective. De plus en plus, de telles régions ont un trait
distinctif commun: à savoir, elles sont loin des centres de production des
machines industrielles avancées qui prédominent actuellement. A partir d'une
critique des articles théoriques récents provenant de la géographie, de
l'aménagement du territoire, de l'histoire économique, de la gestion, et des
aspects économiques de la mutation technologique, cet article-ci examine les
retombées de la séparation géographique des utilisateurs et des producteurs des
machines avancées. Il fournit une interprétation des pathologies concernant la
mise en
uvre de la technologie et démontre l'importance du cadre
géographique de la production et de l'utilisation de la technologie, tout en
considérant le revers de la médaille. Etant donné que les technologies de
fabrication sont construites dans un cadre social, et vu que le contexte socio-
politique qui englobe la production des machines et leur utilisation sur lieu de
travail varie normalement d'une région ä une autre, et d'un pays à un atre,
l'article conclut qu'en règle générale on peut anticiper les difficultés qui surgissent
quand les utilisateurs et les producteurs des machines avacées sont loin les uns
des autres ou à l'échelon géographique, ou sur le plan organisationnel, ou au
niveau social. On examine aussi les retombées pour ce qui est de la théorie des
échanges géographiques et de la politique industrielle régionale. GERTLER M. S.
(1993) Der Einsatz fortgeschrittener Technologien der herstellenden Industrie in
alten Industriegebieten: ein Beitrag zu einem Gesellschaftsmodell technologischer
Produktion, Reg. Studies 27, 665–680. Umfragen in der Industrie zeigen, daß
Hersteller der alten Industriegebiete Kanadas, der Vereinigten Staaten und des
Vereinigten Königreichs in den achtziger Jahren regelmäßig fortschrittliche
Herstellertechnologien übernommen haben. Die erwarteten Verbesserungen der
Leistungszunahme blieben jedoch aus, un
Keywords: Flexible production; Computerized machinery; User-producer
interaction; Industrial networks; Workplace culture; Training
Document Type: Research article
DOI: 10.1080/00343409312331347845
Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume 5, Issue 1, Winter 2006
(view coverpage) (view announcements)
For best
viewing, use
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7.0 or higher
The Model for the Evolution of Retail Institution Types in South Korea
Sook-Hyun Kim (Contact person)
55 Lower college road, Suite 3
Department of Textiles, Fashion Merchandising & Design
College of Human Science & Services
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, RI 02881
Email: kimsh@mail.uri.edu
Office: 401-874-2881
Doris H. Kincade
109 Wallace Hall, Clothing and Textiles
Department of Apparel, Housing & Resource Management,
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA 24061
Phone number: 540-231-7637
E-mail: kincade@vt.edu
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the evolution of retail institution types in South
Korea and to build a model, which more fully explains retail evolution, by overcoming
existing problems in the previous retail evolution theories. A qualitative research design with
a constant comparative method was employed in this study in order to analyze the retail
industry data collected in South Korea. The Combined Retail Evolution Model was proposed
by synthesizing previous retail evolution theories, which are commonly recognized as the
primary theories. Based on the Combined Retail Evolution Model, three retail institution
types in South Korea were selected and analyzed for retail evolution. The result of the
analysis is the Final Combined Retail Evolution Model.
KEYWORDS: Retail evolution, Retail Institution, Combined Retail Evolution Model
Preview First
Page
Complete
Article
The Brand Loyalty of Sportswear in Hong Kong
Mei-mei Lau, Ph.D. Student, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University. meimei.lau@polyu.edu.hk
Man-tsun Chang, Assistant Professor, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University. tcchangj@inet.polyu.edu.hk
Ka-leung Moon, Assistant Professor Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University. tcmoonk@inet.polyu.edu.hk
Wing-sun Liu, Lecturer, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University. tcliuws@inet.polyu.edu.hk
ABSTRACT
This paper reports the results of brand loyalty of 280 university students, aged from 18 to 24
years old. This study explores brand loyalty behavior on sportswear and examines key brand
loyalty factors: brand name, product quality, price, style, store environment, promotion, and
service quality. Consumers are classified into two categories by their degree on brand
loyalty: hard-core loyal consumers and brand switchers. The study concludes that brand
name, style, and promotion are the key brand factors which can distinguish hard-core loyal
consumers and brand switchers. Brand name and style have more influence on the brand
loyalty of hard-core loyal consumers, while promotion influences more on that of brand
switchers. Product quality is perceived by both groups as the most important factor affecting
their brand loyalty.
KEYWORDS: Brand loyalty, hard-core loyalty, brand switching, sportswear market
Preview First
Page
Complete
Article
Pattern Data Format Standardization Between Apparel CAD and 3D Body Scan with
Extensible Markup Language
Preview First
Page
Su-Jeong Hwang Shin, Ph.D., Apparel Design and Manufacturing, Dept. of Design,
College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 41162 Lubbock, TX 79409,
Su.hwang@ttu.edu
Complete
Article
Cynthia L. Istook, Ph.D., Fashion Development and Product Mgt., Dept. of Textile &
Apparel, Tech. & Mgt., College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Box 8301,
Raleigh, NC 27695mailto:cistook@ncsu.edu
ABSTRACT
In the apparel industry, 3D body scan systems have been attractive to apparel CAD/CAM
companies, apparel companies, and researchers in that the body scan systems can provide
fast and accurate enabling the development of made-to-measure garments. Apparel
CAD/CAM companies have partnered with body scanner manufacturers and linked the body
scan system with their existing apparel CAD products for made-to-measure solutions. As
more companies increase globalization and partnership with new technology suppliers, the
CAD/CAM data compatibility and standard data formats have been critical issues. For this
reason, XML (eXtensible Markup Language) has been considered for the standard exchange
data format in that XML has extensibility, structure, mega data transport capabilities, and
easy conversion. In fact, the XML has already been implemented in apparel companies who
are dealing with e-business, globalization, and standardization. For example, the use of XML
for standardization was found in the global standard organization for apparel business, and
attempts at standardization of 2D and 3D body measurement representation with XML was
found in e-T Cluster in U.K. In addition, the importance of XML for the future apparel
pattern data exchange format has been in development the ASTM D13.66 sub committee:
Apparel & Sewn Products Automation.
The purpose of this study was 1) to introduce XML format for pattern data exchange, 2) to
provide an experimental design written in XML for bi-directional transmission of data from a
3D body scan system to an apparel CAD system, and 3) to investigate the potential use of
XML for standardizing pattern data format between apparel CAD systems and 3D body scan
systems by examination of the experimental design written in XML format. The
experimental design in XML format was sent to an apparel CAD supplier (Gerber
Technology Inc.) and a body scan supplier ([TC]²) to determine if it would be a viable
standard format. In this study, current data file formats for data exchange and use of XML
format were reviewed, and limitations of using the XML format were revealed in that the
acceptance of the XML format was tightly related to timely agreements in the apparel
industry.
KEYWORDS: 3D Body Scanning, data integration, xml, standards, patterns, CAD
Developing Body Measurement Charts for Garment Manufacture Based on a Linear
Programming Approach.
Deepti Gupta, Indian Institute of Technology, India.
Naveen Garg, Indian Institute of Technology, India.
Komal Arora and Neha Priyadarshini, Indian Institute of Technology, India.
Preview First
Page
Complete
Article
ABSTRACT
The process of developing body size charts for a given population is a highly complex one as
too many variables are involved. The requirements are often contradictory as in trying to
provide the best fit using a minimum number of sizes. With the availability of advanced
mathematical tools it is now possible to address the issue as an optimization problem. In the
present study, an algorithm based on the Linear Programming approach has been developed
specifically to cluster a given population data into homogenous body size groups. The
theoretical efficiency of the approach has been demonstrated on an anthropometric database
of 2000 young Indian women. The mathematical tool developed is flexible enough to be
adapted for use for mass production as well as mass customization of garments. It is
extremely versatile in that garment specific size tables can be developed. The degree of fit
desired at each body dimension as well as the body dimensions used as the basis of clustering
can be changed with ease. It is also a great tool for inventory management as it gives exactly
the number of people covered by each cluster thus giving the manufacturer and retailer the
choice of deciding how many pieces to make in each style and in what sizes.
KEYWORDS: Body measurements, CAD, Garment Fit, Garment sizing, Linear
programming, Optimization.
Target Costing and Mass Customization
Alexander Krueger
Technische Universität Dresden
Helmut Hergeth, Associate Professor
College of Textiles, NC State University
ABSTRACT
Mass Customization has become a key issue for many industries with the computer industry
leading the most others. In the apparel industry the topic has been discussed extensively, and
a few companies like IC3D.com or Made4Me.com have taken on the challenge of
implementing it. However, to date most of the intentions and activities origin in areas of
technology. Unanswered remains the question of cost efficiency. Target Costing provides the
theoretical basis to address this issue. The following paper analyzes the cost of mass
customization with the help of the target costing approach.
KEYWORDS: Mass Customization, Target Costing, Strategic Analysis
Preview First
Page
Complete
Article
Spider Silk - Structure, Properties and Spinning
D. Saravanan
Senior Lecturer, Department of Textile Technology
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology
Sathyamangalam 638401, India
Ph: 04295 221289, Fax: 04292 223775
Mail id: dhapathe2001@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT
Many of the natural fibers offer excellent properties suitable for various applications in apparel and
non-apparel areas. Spider silk is a filamentous natural protein fiber produced by the spiders.
Dragline silk produced by the spider offers superior properties than many of the natural and
synthetic fibers. The natural spinning process, chemical composition, structure and properties of
spider silk had remained mystery for a long time. Systematic attempts made in the biological
aspects, structure of the silk proteins have become fruitful in spinning and regenerating this
wonder fiber.
KEYWORDS: Dragline, Major Ampullate, Nephila, Interphase, Beta sheet
College of Textiles
P.O. Box 8301
Raleigh, NC 27695-8301
Telephone: (919) 515-6646
FAX: (919) 515-3733
JTATM Privacy Policy
Last Site Revision:
February 2, 2006
Preview
First Page
Complete
Article
Textile Connect:
Connecting the North
Carolina Textile
Complex
Performance Textile
Cluster in North
Carolina
Automotive Research:
A Focus on North
Carolina's Textile
Industry
International Trade
Conference
Guest Lecturer Series
2006-2007
Fall 2007 Executive-inResidence
Mexico Study Trip
Nonwovens Institute
North Carolina in the
Global Economy
12th Annual Independent
Inventors Conference
William Ivey Long
Costume Symposium
College of Textile's
Summer Textile
Exploration Program
(STEP)
College of Textiles awarded Automotive Research Project by the North
Carolina Department of Commerce (NC DOC)
Fashion and Textile
Management (FTM)

FTM Brochure
Textile Technology
(TT)

TT Brochure
Textile Supply Chain
Management
TATM Graduate
Program
International Programs
- TATM
College of Textiles
TOP Program
ITT
TECS Graduate
Program
International Focus
Mission Statement
To establish a high quality
forum relevant to the
needs of global industry
and higher education that
will provide leadership in
the timely dissemination
of information dealing
with all aspects of textile
and apparel, technology
and management.
Nancy Powell, Associate Professor
North Carolina State researchers are examining The Current Status of the
Automobile Industry in North Carolina. There are over 1,000 N.C.
companies engaged in the transportation supply chain. It is critical to
identify and understand the scope of N.C.’s capabilities, and to engage these
companies and other potential participants who can contribute to the State’s
economic development. Derek Chen, Chair of the N.C. Commerce
Automotive Industry Sector Team (NC AIST), describes this project as
designed to support the Department of Commerce’s mission “to improve the
economic well-being and quality of life for all North Carolinians” by
enhancing the global market competitiveness of North Carolina’s
Automotive Industry.
The College of Textile’s automotive research team will seek to quantify the
North Carolina automotive industry, identify core competencies of North
Carolina companies, and determine ways to assist these companies for
increased global competitiveness.
The “transportation industry” in North Carolina is defined by all related
activities used in the automotive supply chain: Traditional manufacturing,
and the network of Tier level suppliers, distribution, retail, after market,
marketing and design, development activities, testing services, e-commerce,
and other auxiliary industries.
NCSU’s College of Textiles Automotive Research team, led by Principle
Investigator, Associate Professor Nancy Powell, will provide counsel to the
NC AIST and its subcommittees, including the investment, existing
industry, innovation and energy groups. NCSU will accomplish this by
providing research regarding companies, products, markets, and assistance
in programming and development.
The College of Textile team will work closely with the NC AIST as they
propose strategic plan and marketing initiatives based on data acquisition,
automotive study analysis and needed assistance. The NC AIST will
implement recommendations made by NCSU throughout their organizations
and within the automotive industry and propose solutions through policy and
legislative recommendations.
College of Textiles’ graduate students, Laura Sampson and Amy Quinn and
COT Senior Paul Hoang and Katie Voytko are the key team players for this
important automotive research project.
College of Textiles
P.O. Box 8301
Raleigh, NC 27695-8301
Telephone: (919) 515-6632
FAX: (919) 515-3733
JTATM Privacy Policy
Last Site Revision:
August 28, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume 1, Issue 1
(View Cover Page)
CHARACTERIZATION OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN NONWOVEN FABRICS
DURING LOAD-DEFORMATION EXPERIMENTS
Han Seong Kim and Behnam Pourdeyhimi
Nonwovens Cooperative Research Center
North Carolina State University
Agaram Abhiraman
Georgia Institute of Technology
Prashant Desai
FiberVisions, Inc.
Current efforts to establish links between processing conditions and the structure and properties
of nonwoven fabrics in general, and for point-bonded (spot-bonded) nonwovens in particular,
would be served significantly by an in situ experimental visualization and measurement of the
structural changes which occur during controlled-deformation experiments. In this study,
structural parameters such as fiber orientation distribution function, bond-region strain, unit cell
strain, and shear deformation of the unit cell during controlled-deformation experiments are
explored to provide quantitative measures and so determine the role of bonding temperature on
deformation behavior.
Abstract
Preview First
Page
Complete Article
RAPID PROTOTYPING IN THE TEXTILE & APPAREL INDUSTRY:A PILOT
PROJECT
Cynthia L. Istook
North Carolina State University
Abstract
Preview First
Page
Complete Article
A project was developed to explore integration of 3D body scanning, CAD/CAM, and digital
printing technologies to support prototpying and mass customization activities. Patterns altered
to fit each specific customer were cut from their digitally printed designs, sewn into the desired
garments, and tested for fit. This project allowed us to test the developing rapid prototyping and
mass customization paradigms and look for the bugs that are inherent in new technologies.
While the process was ultimately successful, several areas were uncovered where the
implementation of these processes might be problematic for industry.
FORMATION OF SHAPED/MOLDED MELTBLOWING NONWOVEN STRUCTURES
Abstract
Yogeshwar Velu, Raoul Farer, Tushar Ghosh, Abdelfattah Seyam
North Carolina State University
Preview First
Page
Three dimensional (3D) fiberweb structures are useful in many applications. The Robotic Fiber
Assembly and Control System (RFACS) being developed in this research allows precise control
of fiber meltblown fiber deposition on a 3D mold surface. The effect of various process
parameters on a number of polypropylene (PP) web characteristics is reported. Under the
experimental range studied, the fiber orientation distribution was significantly impacted by the
process parameters. The fiber diameter distributions indicate that they are unique to a particular
process condition. The distributions do not overlap when a parameter is evaluated. In keeping
with the long-term objective of developing chemical/biological barrier fabrics using RFACS
technology, the pore distribution of the fiberwebs was characterized. Under the conditions
explored, the average pore size of the analyzing web has decreased by 60% when the attenuating
air pressure was increased from 0.7 bar to 2.8 bar. The pore size was decreased by 33% when
the take up speed of the web was increased from 20 ft/min to 50 ft/min.
Complete Article
ESTIMATION OF CONSUMER DEMANDS: AN APPLICATION TO U.S. APPAREL
EXPENDITURES
Abstract
Moon W. Suh and Eun-Kyung Lee
North Carolina State University
Preview First
Page
Complete Article
Matthew T. Holt
University of Arizona
A set of new statistical methods will be presented to model the U.S. men's wear markets along
with the general consumption trends among U.S. male and female populations. The Almost
Ideal Demand (AID) system of Deaton and Muellbauer (1980) was extended to include general,
nonlinear and nonadditive habit effects. By employing a "Habit Stock" model into a first-order
differential demand system, the pattern of shifts as well as the dynamic changes in the market
shares were estimated. The results of analysis on four categories of men's bottom during 199096 suggest that the dynamic habit stock formation is a highly promising new concept for
explaining the current and emerging fashion trends and market shares. The paper will also
discuss the potential of using social science data obtained from consumers' general social
behaviors during 1990-1998 for the projection of future apparel consumption trends.
EVOLVING STRATEGIES, STRUCTURES AND RELATIONSHIPS IN COMPLEX
AND TURBULENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS: THE TEXTILE AND APPAREL
INDUSTRIES OF THE NEW MILLENIUM
Abstract
Preview First
Page
Peter Kilduff
North Carolina State University
Complete Article
Over the past four decades the textile and apparel industries have witnessed rapid technological
change, global integration and shifting demand requirements. Consequently, many of today's
firms look radically different, compared to forty years ago, in terms of their capital and technical
intensity, their manufacturing and business process capabilities, and their business scope,
structure and relationships. As the business environment in which textile and apparel
manufacturers operate continues to become more dynamic, diverse, complex and hostile, the
process of transformation will continue. New strategies and organisational forms are emerging
with a trend towards de-integration, involving a focus on core competencies and the separation
of the physical processing functions from the creative 'brain functions' within the supply chain.
In some ways, this represents a return to the pre-industrial system of manufacture where
physical production was in the hands of commission manufacturers, while the creative design
and marketing functions were performed by merchants.
return to top
College of Textiles
P.O. Box 8301
Raleigh, NC 27695-8301
Telephone: (919) 515-6646
FAX: (919) 515-3733
JTATM Privacy Policy
Last Site Revision:
February 2, 2006
Volume1, Issue 1
Journal of Textile and Apparel
Technology and Management
The Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and
Management has been created to serve the professional needs
of textile educators and researchers worldwide. Faculty of the
Department of Textile and Apparel Technology and
Management have recognized the need for an online
professional Journal serving the discipline of Textile
Technology and Management thus permitting the discussion
of research areas that today are dispersed in several types of
publications.
The TATM Department prepares some 500 undergraduates and over 60 postgraduates for careers in the textile
complex and therefore represents the largest textile and apparel department in the USA. The department is staffed
with 21 full time faculty and some 20 additional Visiting Scholars, Post-docs and Research Specialists.
The TATM department specializes in textiles and apparel with specialization in areas of textile technology,
international textile management and marketing, fashion design and sourcing, and textile design and CAD. To
enhance scholarly research and transfer new knowledge to the textile and apparel complex, the Department has
established Centers and Consortia to focus on specific research areas.






The Nonwoven Cooperative Research Center serves the research needs
of the nonwoven industry and boasts a significant research agenda
together with research labs ranging from image analysis to a full range
of fiber production and processing R & D capability.
Mission Statement
To establish a high quality
forum relevant to the needs of
global industry and higher
education that will provide
leadership in the timely
dissemination of information
dealing with all aspects of
textile and apparel,
technology and management.
TABIC, Textile and Apparel Business Intelligence Consortia, conducts
research on strategic industry directions and market trends in the Textile
Demand Chain.
The Digital Design Center conducts research in advancing the Textile
Digital Supply Chain, Rapid Prototyping and Mass Customization.
The Center for Advanced Fibrous Structures specializes in the areas of
Medical and Technical Textiles and conducts research to support this
critical sector of the textile complex.
The Center for Computational Fabrics and Textronics is being established as a joint Center with the
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering to research the integration of textiles and electronics.
Other textile and apparel specific centers are under consideration as the Department changes to parallel the
needs of the changing global textile complex
This online Journal is one of the vehicles to bring new knowledge to all members of the global textile complex. The
first issue is comprised of five papers that draw on different areas of TATM's expertise. Future issues will carry
contributions from textile and fashion researchers from around the world.
JTATM is intended to be available on a complimentary basis where the readership would be advised of new issues
via email. To receive your complimentary subscription, it is necessary to complete the registration process for us to
maintain the integrity of the mailing list.
Furthermore, I would like to invite you to consider submitting papers for publication in JTATM and draw your
attention to the Guidelines for Authors to be published in the next Issue. The faculty of the TATM department are
dedicated to supporting JTATM and allowing it to evolve into a Journal of international repute with a focus on global
issues in Textile Technology and Management as the industry complex continues to change.
Your comments and input on JTATM are always welcome. I now invite you to take a virtual tour of the Digital
Design Center.
College of Textiles
P.O. Box 8301
Raleigh, NC 27695-8301
Telephone: (919) 515-6646
FAX: (919) 515-3733
JTATM Privacy Policy
Last Site Revision:
February 2, 2006
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/w EWFALo5M/1CgLLt8/zAw LEysCABAK9y/S5CQK2w sCaAgKlw Ij5DALpzty2DgLOztDtBQLcw aSUDgK2w rSyBQLGw LCxBQLbzKDw Dw
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Thermogravimetry studies ‫إضافة إلى‬
of cotton fabric’s flame- ‫المواد المحددة‬
retardancy by means of ‫إضافة إلى‬
‫عربة التسوق‬
synergism of lithium
‫إضافة إلى‬
bromide and antimony
‫المواد‬
trioxide
‫المحفوظة‬
Journal of
Permissions
Thermal Analysis & Reprints
and Calorimetry ‫النصح بهذا‬
Akadémiai
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Kiadó, copublished with
Springer
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Academic
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‫الرقم الدولي‬
1388-6150 (Print)
‫الموحد‬
1572-8943
‫( )للدورية(ردمد‬Online)
Volume 94,
‫العدد‬
Number 1 / ,‫اكتوبر‬
8002
10.1007/s10973DOI
007-8589-3
‫الصفحات‬:
97-101
Subject
‫علم الكيمياء و وعلم‬
Collection ‫المواد‬
‫تاريخ‬
15 8002 ,‫اغسطس‬
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PDF (221.7 KB)
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‫الخيارات‬
Thermogravimetry studies of cotton
‫بحث‬
fabric’s flame-retardancy by means of
synergism of lithium bromide and
...
‫اذهب‬
antimony trioxide
‫مجلة‬
S. M. Mostashari1
and S. Baie1
‫ضمن‬
‫كامل المحتوى‬
‫ضمن هذه‬
(1) Chemistry Group, Faculty of Science, ‫المجلة‬
The University of Gilan, Rasht, Iran
Received: 5 June 2007 Accepted:
18 March 2008 Published online:
12 August 2008
Abstract The synergism of lithium
bromide and antimony trioxide on the
flame-retardancy of a cotton fabric (woven,
plain 150 g m2) has been investigated in
this study. The impregnations of cotton
fabric with suitable individual additives
and/or their appropriate admixed
formulation were carried out. The
flammability test has also been fulfilled
using described procedure, in the earlier
published articles. Their outcomes comply
with thermogravimetry’s data. Moreover
the latest mentioned outcomes support the
catalytic effect of this synergism.
Explanation of the data could be in favor of
existing flame-retardation’s theories.
Ultimately this synergism is in compliance
with the green chemistry and economical
viewpoints.
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Keywords antimony trioxide - chemical
action theory - condensed phase
retardation - flame-retardancy - free radical
theory - lithium bromide - synergism thermogravimetry
S. M. Mostashari
Email: smmostashari@yahoo.com
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Low-power FPGA using pre-defined dual-Vdd/dual-Vt fabrics
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International Symposium on Field Programmable
Gate Arrays archive
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th
international symposium on Field programmable
gate arrays table of contents
Monterey, California, USA
SESSION: Tools and architectures for power
minimization table of contents
Pages: 42 - 50
Year of Publication: 2004
ISBN:1-58113-829-6
Authors
University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Fei Li
University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Yan Lin
University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Lei He
Jason Cong University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Sponsors
SIGDA: ACM Special Interest Group on Design
Automation
ACM: Association for Computing Machinery
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ACM
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ABSTRACT
Traditional FPGAs use uniform supply voltage Vdd and uniform threshold voltage Vt.
We propose to use pre-defined dual-Vdd and dual-Vt fabrics to reduce FPGA power.
We design FPGA circuits with dual-Vdd/dual-Vt to effectively reduce both dynamic
power and leakage power, and define dual-Vdd/dual-Vt FPGA fabrics based on the
profiling of benchmark circuits. We further develop CAD algorithms including powersensitivity based voltage assignment and simulated-annealing based placement to
leverage such fabrics. Compared to the conventional fabric using uniform Vdd/Vt at
the same target clock frequency, our new fabric using dual Vt achieves 9% to 20%
power reduction. However, the pre-defined FPGA fabric using both dual Vdd and
dual Vt only achieves on average 2% extra power reduction. It is because that the
pre-designed dual-Vdd layout pattern introduces non-negligible performance
penalty. Therefore, programmability of supply voltage is needed to achieve
significant power saving for dual-Vdd FPGAs. To our best knowledge, it is the first
in-depth study on applying both dual-Vdd and dual-Vt to FPGA considering circuits,
fabrics and CAD algorithms.
REFERENCES
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CITED BY 21
Fei Li , Yan Lin , Lei He, FPGA power reduction using configurable dual-Vdd,
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INDEX TERMS
Primary Classification:
B. Hardware
B.7 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
B.7.1 Types and Design Styles
General Terms:
Algorithms, Design
Keywords:
FPGA, dual-Vdd, dual-Vt, low power, power efficient
Collaborative Colleagues:
Fei Li: colleagues
Yan Lin: colleagues
Lei He: colleagues
Jason Cong: colleagues
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