Ms. Napolitano & Mrs. Haas
CP Biology
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Nucleoid
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear Membrane
Nuclear Pores
Nucleoplasm
Mitochondria
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Vesicles
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Flagella
Cilia
Centrioles
Cell Wall
Central Vacuole
Chloroplasts
 Cells: the
smallest unit of life
• Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier
 Cytology: The
study of cells
 1665
- Viewed cork under a microscope.
 Named
empty chambers “cells” because
they looked like monks’ cells.
1.
All living things are
composed of cells.
2.
Cells are the basic units
of structure and
function.
3.
New cells are produced
from existing cells.
1838
1855
1.
2.
3.
4.
Microbiology
Cytology
Histology
Immunology
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Microbiology
Cytology*
Histology
Immunology
25%
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25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
All living things are
made up of cells.
Cells are the basic unit
of structure & function.
All cells come from
preexisting cells
When one cell is born,
one cell must die.
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3.
4.
All living things are
made up of cells.
Cells are the basic unit
of structure & function.
All cells come from
preexisting cells
When one cell is born,
one cell must die.*
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1
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3
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4
 Holds
the cell
together
 Surrounds
the cell
 Controls
what goes
in and out
 Phospholipid
bilayer
Cytoplasm
 Material in the cell membrane
• Does not include the nucleus
Cytosol
 Liquid found inside cells
• Separated into compartments by membranes
 Threadlike
structure within
the nucleus
 Contains
genetic
information (DNA)
 Humans
= 23
chromosome pairs
 Where
 May
proteins are made
be free in the cytosol or bound to
the endoplasmic reticulum
 Contains
the genetic material of
prokaryotes
• Recall: prokaryotes do not have nuclei
 Structure
that
contains the cell’s
genetic material
 Controls
cell
activity
 Only
found in
eukaryotes
 Small, dense
region within
nucleus
 Where
protein
production
begins
 Nuclear
Membrane: layer that surrounds
the nucleus
• Separates & protects the nucleus
 Nuclear
Pores: channels that regulate
the transport of molecules across the
membrane
 Nucleoplasm:
fluid
inside of the nucleus
 Converts
chemical energy from food into
compounds usable by the cell
 AKA
the “powerhouse” of the cell
 Makes
ATP
 Rough
ER: makes proteins
• Contains ribosomes
• Connected to the nucleus
 Smooth
ER: carb/lipid
synthesis, detoxification
• No ribosomes
 Small “bubble”
 Transport
materials within the cell
 Lysosome:
small organelle filled with
enzymes to break down certain materials
within the cell
 Peroxisome: small
organelle that
contains catalase
• breaks down hydrogen peroxide
• 2 H2O2  2 H2O + O2
 Modify, sort, and
 Vesicles
package proteins
fuse on & pinch off
 Network
of protein filaments
 Maintains
 Helps
cell shape
with cell movement
 Microtubules: largest
• Involved in cell division
 Actin: smallest
• Makes striations of skeletal
muscle tissue
 Intermediate
Filaments: provide support
• hold organelles into place
• Organize cells into tissues
 Flagella: whip-like
appendages used for
propulsion
 Cilia: short, hair-like
in movement
projections that aid
 Structures
 Not
that help organize cell division
found in plant cells
 Rigid
outer layer of the cell that supports
the membrane
 Found
in plants, algae, & some bacteria
 Large
cavity in plant cells
 Stores
food, water, or metabolic waste
 Maintains
turgor pressure
 Found
 Site
in photosynthetic organisms
of photosynthesis
• Captures light energy and convert it into
chemical energy
 Eukaryotic
cells arose from living
communities formed by prokaryotic cells
 Mitochondria
& chloroplasts were once
free-living prokaryotic cells
• Evidence: 1. They both contain their own DNA
2. They both have ribosomes
3. They divide by mitosis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Cytosol
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mitochondrion*
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Cytosol
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
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2.
3.
4.
Energy
Food
Water
Sunlight
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1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
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2.
3.
4.
Energy*
Food
Water
Sunlight
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Smooth ER
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Smooth ER
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus*
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Plasma
membrane
Peroxisomes
Cilia
Intermediate
Filaments
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Plasma
membrane
Peroxisomes
Cilia*
Intermediate
Filaments
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
1.
2.
True*
False
50%
1
50%
2
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
1.
2.
True*
False
50%
1
50%
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Smooth ER
Central Vacuole
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Smooth ER*
Central Vacuole
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nucleus
Centriole
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nucleus
Centriole*
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4