Hubble Telescope
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Space and Universe
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Universe is made up of all existing things, including space
and earth
Space is filled with objects called stars. Most are found in
galaxies.
 Milky Way
Milky Way
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Planets- major bodies that orbit a star
 Four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
 Terrestrial- which means solid, rocky surfaces
 Five outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune,
Pluto
 Mainly gaseous, with the exception of Pluto which has
a rocky core
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Sun, Earth, and Moon
 Diameter of sun = 865,000 miles, more than 100 times
greater than the earth
 Earth’s diameter=8,000 miles
 Earth is the third planet from the sun
 Fifth largest planet
 Earth’s orbit is elliptical
 Moon is 240,000 miles away
 ¼ the size of earth
 Influences the earth’s ocean tides
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Solar energy- energy that comes from the sun, which all of
the earth’s energy comes from
 Affects weather, plants, animals, and human
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Rotation
 One complete spin of earth on its axis
 Takes 24 hours
 Rotates in a west to east direction
 See the effects as the sun rises in the east and sets in the west
 Allows the entire planet to receive the warming effect of
daylight and the cooling effect of darkness
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Revolution
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Earth also revolves around the sun
Elliptical orbit every 365 ¼ days, 1 year
Every 4th year, have an extra day in February
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Tilt
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Tilted 23 ½ degrees from perpendicular
Affects the amount of solar energy that different places
receive during the year
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Solar energy and Latitude
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Different places on the earth receive different amounts of
solar energy
 Near the equator receives a lot yearly
 Tropics- warm low latitude areas near the equator
 Polar regions- areas of high latitude and colder regions near
the North and South Poles receive less solar energy
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The Seasons
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Times with greater or lesser heat
Winter, spring, summer, fall
Summer
 Solar energy is stronger, warmer and longer days
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Winter
 Solar energy is weaker, colder and shorter days
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Spring/Fall
 Solar energy is more evenly distributed
 Daylight and darkness are more equal
Tilt of the earth causes Northern and Southern
Hemispheres to have opposite seasons
 Solstice
 The time that the Earth’s poles point at their
greatest angle toward or away from the Sun
 Occur each year around Dec. 21, and June 21
 Winter Solstice (Dec 21)
 Northern Hemisphere- shortest day, first day of
winter
 Sun most direct rays strike the Tropic of
Capricorn
 Antarctic Circle- receives 24 hours of daylight
 Arctic Circle- recieves 24 hrs of darkness
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4 major parts of Earth’s System that are all
linked together
Atmosphere
 Lithosphere
 Hydrosphere
 biosphere
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Shell of gases that surround the Earth
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Extends from the earths surface to space
Gravity holds the atmosphere in place
78%nitrogen, 21%oxygen, and rest is made up of
CO2, and other gases
Protects the Earth from the Sun’s harmful radiation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YA
OT92wuD8
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Solid Crust of the planet
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All the land on the earth
Forms, continents, islands and ocean floors
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All the Earth’s water
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Liquid, solid, and gaseous forms
Covers about 70% of the earth’s surface
Part of the Earth that includes all life forms
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Includes plants and animals
Extends deep in the ocean to the atmosphere
Overlaps the other 3