By Malissa Quigley
 Historical:
Historical:
Legendary:
Legendary:
 Where is Italy?
 It is a boot-shaped peninsula that extends south from
Europe into the Mediterranean sea
 Legend of Rome/Story of Romulus and Remus
 Location:
 Asia Minor
 Greeks of Italy, Latins, and Etruscans
 Government:
 Monarchy: Lucius Tarquinius
 Republic
 Gov’t in which the people chose their leaders
 Consuls (2)
 Administrators had the power to Veto
 Senate
 300 Patricians, made laws elected consuls
 Tribunes
 Protected the rights of the Plebeians
 Corvus
 Mirror
 Hamilcar Barca
 Hannibal Barca
 “I swear as soon as age will permit, I will follow the
Romans both at sea and on land, I will use fire and
steel to arrest the destiny of Rome”.
 Battle of Cannae
 Battle of Zama
 “Let us relieve the Romans of their anxiety for they are
to impatient to wait for an old man to die”.
Punic Wars
First Punic
War
Causes
•Romans wanted
granaries
•Control of
Mediterranean
Sea
•Carthage
invades Syracuse
•Alliances
Military
Strength
Events
Results
•Legions –
Roman Army
•Carthage - Navy
•Navel attack
upon Carthage
•Rome conquers
Sicily
•Mercenaries
revolt against
Carthage
•Hamilcar Barca
•Roman’s Army
fought hand to
hand combat
upon ships
Second Punic •Carthaginians
wanted control
War
•Carthage led by
Gen Hannibal of
Barca
•Elephants,
catapults and
mirrors
•Hannibal crosses •Rome gets Spain
Pyrenees and
& Carthages
Alps into Rome
territories
•Battle of Cannae
and Battle of
Zama
•Carthage
regains power
•Rome is
threatened
•Rome – Legions
& Navy
•Rome used fire
•Rome blocked
off the city
•Rome burnt
Carthage and
plowed salt int0
ground
•Revenge
•Hannibal
“hated” Rome
Third Punic
War
•Rome gains
Carthage
•Rome becomes
Mediterranean
power
 Reformers:
 Tiberius Gracchus Tribune and limited the amount of land someone could own
 Gaius Gracchus Tribune and sell the wheat at a cheaper price
 Sulla Made himself dictator- absolute ruler
 Triumvirate Three people with equal power
 Who were the members of the first triumvirate?
 1. Julius Caesar 2. Crassus
3. Pompeius
 There is no turning back…..Caesar attacks Rome
 “Veni, Vidi, Vici”
 I came, I saw, I conquered…..Caesar
 Caesar’s Refoms:
 Increased size of Senate, extended Roman citizenship,




and increased pay for soldiers
Caesar and Cleopatra
Beware of the Ides of March- March 15, 44 B.C.
Caesar was stabbed by Brutus and Cassius
“Et tu Brute”: And you, Brutus
 Who were the members of the Second Triumvirte?
 1. Mark Antony 2. Marcus Lepidus 3. Octavian Caesar
 Octavian’s Rise To Power:
 Lepidus is killed in the desert
 Mark Antony joins with Cleopatra
 Battle of Actium: Sea battle
 Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra
 “ I have found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of
marble”.
 List the reforms of Augustus Caesar:
 1. complete authority over the military
 2. select people on their talent than birth
 3. reorganized the boundaries
 4. governors long term offices
 5. ordered a census
 Pax Romana- 200 years of Roman peace
 Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Vespasian Trajan Hadrian Marcus Aurelius-
 1. no written rule about who was to inherit the throne




upon the emperor’s death
2. gave high wages to the soldiers, which meant higher
taxes
3. German tribes invading the empire
4. trade declined
5. inflation
 Who were the members of the Tarquin family?
 What was the story of Romulus and Remus?
 Dictatorship What are the two social classes in Rome?
 Republic Senate Veto Praetors Censors-
 Legions Where is Carthage?
 Latins-
How did the Roman’s use the corvus?
Explain the Second Punic War:
What were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus’s reforms?
Who were the members of the first triumvirate?
Julius Caesar“Veni, Vidi, Vici”
Ides of MarchWho were the members of the second triumvirate?
What happened at Actium?
Explain: “ I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of
marble”.
 Nero Hadrian Pax Romana









 Tarquin dynasty-Lucius Tarquinius/Tarquin the Proud
 Romulus gave his name to Rome
 One absolute ruler
 Patricians and Plebeians
 Government in which citizens choose leaders
 Power to make laws
 “I forbid”
 Judges
 Counts the populations
 Roman army
 North Africa-Tunsia
 From latium
 Movable bridge connecting ships
 Battle of Cannae- Carthage victory-Flanking Battle of









Zama- Roman victory-Flanking…..Hamilcar and
Hannibal’s quote
Julius Caear, Marcus Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius
Consul, Dictator, Loved Cleopatra-carpet
I came, I saw, I conquered
Middle of March/ Et tu Brute
Mark Antony, Marcus Lepidus, Octavian Caesar
Octavian defeated Mark Antony and Cleo patra
Octavian’ quote
Rebuilt Rome after the fire
Built the wall to keep out German tribes