September 25 Agenda
 Attendance
 Biomolecules and enzymes QUIZ
 Notes over cell types, structures and functions
 Quiz next class over cell structures and functions and
comparing contrasting prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
Cell Type, Structure, &
Function
Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The
student knows that cells are the basic
structures of all living things with
specialized parts that perform specific
functions and that viruses are different
from cells
What are the characteristics
of life?
Characteristics of life:
•Made of cells
•Use energy - metabolism
•Reproduce
•Respond to stimulus
•Change over time - grow
•Movement of materials
How do we define life?
Cell Theory
•All living organisms are composed of cells
•Cells are the smallest structures that
perform the functions of life
•All cells come from preexisting cells
Theory
•Statements that explain a phenomenon; repeatedly
tested, widely accepted, and used to make
predictions.
What do all cells have in
common?
 All cells have common
structures
 Cell membrane
 Ribosome
 Cytoplasm
 Cells contain DNA
 Cells are basic unit of life
Make a three column chart.
(Title of slide)
Two types of cells
Cell History
Cell size
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
•
•
Eukaryotes
•
•
Two Cell Types
Prokaryotic
•“pro” – before
•“karyo” – kernel, nucleus
•a cell type before the
evolution of a nucleus
Eukaryotic
•“eu” – true
•cell with a true nucleus
Cell History
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
 Ancient cells
 Modern cells
 Evolved 3.5 bya
 Evolved 1.4 bya
Stromatolites, ancient bacterial formations
Cell Size
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
 Smaller cells
 Larger cells
 1 to 10 µm
 10 to 100 µm
Cell Size Comparison
Cell Organization
Prokaryotic
Simple cells with all
parts in “one room”
Eukaryotic
Complex cells with
many compartments
Location of DNA
Prokaryotic
DNA is loose in the
cytoplasm (no
nucleus)
Eukaryotic
DNA is protected in
the nucleus
Presence of Organelles
Prokaryotic
Ribosomes only
Eukaryotic
Many, membrane bound organelles
Type of Organisms
Prokaryotic
Bacteria only!
Eukaryotic
Plants, Animals,
Fungi, and Protists
Prokaryotes: Bacteria
Size of Organisms
Prokaryotic
 Always unicellular
(single cell)
 Bacteria are cell
size: 1 to 10 µm
Eukaryotic
 Mostly multicellular
(more than one cell)
 Range from cell size
(10µm) to the size of a
sequoia tree (83 m)
Cell Structures and Functions
Animal Cell
Viruses
•Viruses are not considered
living because:
i. they are not made of
cells and
ii. need a host cell to
reproduce
•Viruses are much smaller
than cells
•Viruses and cells both
contain DNA
Cell Type, Structure, &
Function
Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The
student knows that cells are the basic
structures of all living things with
specialized parts that perform specific
functions and that viruses are different
from cells
Structure & Function
What is structure?
A structure is a physical part,
or a description of how
something is built.
What is function?
A function is a job, a purpose,
or a process that needs to be
done.
What are
organelles?
An organelle is a “mini
organ” inside a
eukaryotic cell that
carries out a specific
function.
Cell Membrane
 Lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell
 Embedded proteins control what materials
enter and leave the cell.
Cytoplasm
 Jelly-like fluid inside the cell membrane
 Supports and holds all the organelles
Ribosomes
 Where proteins are assembled
 Translate genes into proteins
Cell Wall
Support, strength, and protection
Found outside plasma membrane
Plant Cell Wall 
Bacteria Cell Wall
Flagella/Cilia
Extensions of the plasma membrane
that allow for movement
Bacteria with many flagella
Nucleus
 Membrane bound area where
chromosomes are found
 Holds the DNA, or genetic information
Nucleolus
Dense region found in the nucleus
where ribosomal RNA is made
Mitochondria
 Produces ATP (energy) for the cell during
cellular respiration
 Composed of inner and outer membrane
Chloroplasts
 Contains chlorophyll
 Site of photosynthesis reactions
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Membranous stacks with rough and
smooth sections
 Participates in protein synthesis and
membrane synthesis
Golgi
Apparatus
 Modifies and
packages proteins
for secretion by
budding of vesicles
Lysosomes
 Contains enzymes that break down
cell wastes and foods
 Recycle old cell parts
Lysosomes contain
digestive enzymes 
Vacuole
Stores water and pigments in plant cells
Centrioles
 Used to organize chromosomes during cell division
using spindle fibers.
Cells Make Proteins
Cell Type, Structure, &
Function
Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The
student knows that cells are the basic
structures of all living things with
specialized parts that perform specific
functions and that viruses are different
from cells