November 16 page 101 DO: I will be able to explain the nature of sound waves frequency, pitch, and how the human ear hears. EQ: How does energy impact wave behavior? Explain how frequency and pitch change how we perceive sound. How are Hertz measured? How does the phase of matter encountered effect a wave? Think about it: Why can sound travel faster through warm air than cold air? Why does sound travel longer through denser mediums? How we hear. 1. Sound is collected by the outer ear. 2. The tympanic membrane (ear drum) vibrates and transfers the sound to the inner ear. 3. The malleus (hammer) vibrates hitting the incus (anvil) which vibrates the stapes (stirrup) before vibrating the cochlea. 4. The cochlea vibrates and sends a message to the cochlear nerve (auditory nerve). 5. The auditory nerve transmits a message to the brain. 6. The brain interprets the information from the auditory nerve and you hear a particular sound. Draw and explain ROYGBIV and the pencil distortion in your notebook. November 17 page 103 DO: I will be able to explain the interaction of light and sound on the human body. EQ: Explain how frequency and pitch change how we perceive sound. How are Hertz measured? What is the visible spectrum? How we hear. 1. Sound is collected by the outer ear. 2. The tympanic membrane (ear drum) vibrates and transfers the sound to the inner ear. 3. The malleus (hammer) vibrates hitting the incus (anvil) which vibrates the stapes (stirrup) before vibrating the cochlea. 4. The cochlea vibrates and sends a message to the cochlear nerve (auditory nerve). 5. The auditory nerve transmits a message to the brain. 6. The brain interprets the information from the auditory nerve and you hear a particular sound. The Ear 1. The outer ear collects sound waves. 2. The sound waves make the eardrum vibrate. 3. The eardrum causes 3 tiny bones to vibrate. (hammer, anvil, stirrup) 4. The tiny bones make the fluid in the cochlea vibrate. 5. This causes tiny hair cells to vibrate (in cochlea). 6. Vibrations are passed to the auditory nerve which leads to the brain. 7. The brain interprets sound! What did one ear say to the other ear before they went over the waterfall? What did one ear say to the other ear before they went over the waterfall? Ear we go! Doppler Effect Sonogram/Ultra Sound How do these processes work? Are they similar or different? Explain each. 9 weeks 21 weeks November 18 page 105 DO: I will be able to explain the interaction of light and sound on the human body. EQ: What is the visible spectrum? Explain how the electromagnetic spectrum and the human eye work together. How does wave frequency impact our sight and sound? How we see. 1. Light passes through the transparent cornea. 2. The light that passes through the opening of the pupil, the amount of light is controlled by the iris contracting and releasing. 3. The light is reflected through the lens and the image is projected upside down on the retina. 4. The cones on the retina respond to different frequencies of light (colors) 5. The optic nerve transmits information to the brain. 6. The brain interprets the information from the optic nerve and you see the world around you. Why do we see color? When our eyes see different wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum, we see colors. http://www.astronomynotes.com/light/colorswvl.gif NSF North Mississippi GK-8 29 What we actually see is the light an object reflects or in some cases the light an object produces. For example, a red book only reflects red light: White Only red light is reflected light NSF North Mississippi GK-8 30 A pair of purple pants would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue): Purple light A white hat would reflect all seven colours: White light NSF North Mississippi GK-8 31 What about an outfit? Shirt looks red White light Shorts look blue NSF North Mississippi GK-8 32 Black When you see black, all of the wavelengths of light are absorbed and no light is reflected back at you. Nothing is reflected. White light All visible light is absorbed. NSF North Mississippi GK-8 33 The Electromagnetic Spectrum • Different wavelengths of EM waves. • These wavelengths of light and others make up a spectrum. NSF North Mississippi GK-8 35 On the Spectrum… Left Side Right Side Type of Wave Wavelength Frequency Energy NSF North Mississippi GK-8 36 VISIBLE LIGHT Electromagnetic waves we can see. NSF North Mississippi GK-8 37 Visible Spectrum • The visible spectrum contains seven colors. • Each of these colors corresponds with a particular wavelength. – Longest wavelength= red light – Shortest wavelength= violet (purple) light http://ldt.stanford.edu/ldt1999/Students/tita/mjrproj/color/waverevie NSF North Mississippi GK-8 38 How can I remember the seven colors of the visible spectrum? ROY G BIV E R E D A L N L G O E W R E E N LN UD EI G O NSF North Mississippi GK-8 I O L E T 39 White Light • White light is not a single color; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colors of the rainbow. NSF North Mississippi GK-8 40 Colour We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism: •This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops. NSF North Mississippi GK-8 41 Higher Order Thinking Questions • Explain how waves behave in different mediums. • Explain how waves and your ear allow you to hear. • Explain how waves and your eyes enable you to see. • Define and label types of waves. I AM CHECKING A-G today!!